SALAMAT-I IJTIMAI (Community Health)
Year:2019 | Volume:6 | Issue:3|Papers Count:12

Background and Objective: Acceptance and commitment therapy is one of the methods for increasing social adjustment and improving depression among students with learning disabilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of admission and commitment therapy on social adjustment and depression among junior high school female students with learning disorder in Sari in northern Iran. Materials and Methods: The present study was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all junior high school female students in Sari. A sample of 30 people was selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control and intervention was performed for the experimental group. Data were gathered using Social Adjustment Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory and analyzed by Covariance and SPSS software version 21. Results: The mean (SD) age was 16. 5 (0. 4) years among the experimental group and 16. 1 (0. 7) the control group. The study showed that the mean (SD) score of depression in the experimental group was 20. 4 (3. 2) which decreased in post-test and follow up to 12. 2 (3. 1) and 12. 1 (2. 7) (P<0. 001), but the mean (SD) score of depression in the pre-test and post-test of the control group did not show a significant difference. The mean (SD) of social adjustment in the experimental group from 12. 1 (3. 4) in post-test and follow up increased to 19. 4 (3. 2) and 19. 6 (3. 7) respectively (P<0. 001). However, the mean (SD) score of social adjustment in the pre-test and post-test of the control group did not show a significant difference. Conclusion: The study showed that acceptance and commitment-based treatment increased social adjustment and depression among junior high school female students with learning disorder.

Background and Objective: Breast cancer affects the various aspects of mental health of patients and aggravates mental stress by causing disturbance in the mental image of the patient which consequently challenges patient’ s mental health. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effecacy of acceptance and commitment therapy and solution focused brief therapy on uncoditional self-acceptance and pain anxiety among patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: The study of was semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design and control group. The statistical population included all patients with breast cancer who were referred to health centers and hospitals in the cities of Babol and Babolsar, in northern Iran, in 2018. A sample of 90 patients was selected by random sampling method and three groups of 30 women with breast cancer were randomly divided into three groups. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and solution focused brief therapy (SFBT) was performed for experimental groups and no intervention was performed in the control group. To obtain the data, the scale of pain anxiety symptoms and unconditional admission questionnaire were used. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance and statistical software SPSS 23 were used. Results: The mean (SD) age of participants in the ACT group was 36. 2 (7. 4), SFBT 35. 7 (7. 2), and the control group 38. 1 (9. 4) years. The mean (SD) pain anxiety score in the ACT group was 76. 3 (10. 5) in the pre-test which decreased to 52. 7 (10. 2) in post-test (P<0. 001); and from 77. 1 (8. 4) in the pre-test to 67. 1 (6. 4) in the post-test in SFBT group (P<0. 001). The mean (SD) unconditional self-acceptance score in the ACT group increased from 60. 3 (5. 6) to 94. 1 (21. 5) in the post-test (P<0. 001); and from 62. 4 (3. 1) in the pre-test to 90. 4 (9. 3) in the post-test in the SFBT group (P<0. 001). However, the mean (SD) of both variables in the pre-test and posttest of the control group did not show a significant difference. The acceptance and commitment therapy was more effective than solution focused brief therapy (P<0. 01). Conclusion: The study showed that both acceptance and commitment therapy and solution focused brief therapy had a desirable effect on reducing pain anxiety and increasing unconditional self-acceptance in patients with breast cancer; however, the acceptance and commitment therapy was more effective than solution focused brief therapy.

Background and Objective: Influenza is one of the acute respiratory diseases that are disseminated throughout the world, causing various epidemics each year. Considering the effect of regional and genetic factors as well as immunity history on the incidence and severity of the disease, the need for a statistical study of the region is felt in any infectious disease. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological, clinical and para-clinical characteristics of patients with Influenza confirmed by positive polymerase chain reaction admitted in Hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among all patients with influenza symptoms who were admitted to hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2016 and their Influenza infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Among all admitted patients in the hospitals, data of 206 patients who were admitted for at least 24 hours in infectious, intensive care or cardiac care and internal medicine units were collected using a checklist. The data were analyzed via SPSS software version 21. Results: Among the admitted patients, 104 (50. 5%) were female and 102 (49. 5%) were male. Among the age groups, the majority of patients were over 65 years old (35. 9%), 21. 4% were 55-64, and 11. 7% were 4554 years old. The majority of pharyngeal samples, 70. 4%, were from H3N2 serotype, 17. 5% were from type B and 12. 1% type A without subtyping. The most common influenza symptoms, were cough: 189 (91. 7%), fever above 38 ° C: 178 (86. 4%), dyspnea: 132 (64. 1%), difficulty breathing: 53 (25. 7%) and sore throat: 33 (16%). In total, 189 (91. 7%) patients were recovered and discharged, 16 (7. 8%) passed away and one was transferred to another hospital. Ten of the patients who had passed away were suffering from an underlying illness, the most prevalent of which were cardiac and pulmonary diseases (50%), and six patients had two underlying illnesses. Conclusion: The majority of patients were over 65 years old, and the incidence of illness was similar among women and men. The most common serotypes isolated from the pharyngeal samples were influenza A (H3N2) and B type. The most common symptoms were cough, fever and dyspnea, and the most common side effects were primary pneumonia, secondary pneumonia, and bronchitis. The mortality rate was 7. 8%.

Background and Objective: Social health as an aspect of general health is an approach that refers to healthy social interactions and its close relationship with other dimensions of health including physical and mental health. Therefore, the functional unit in this approach is on individual level, in multiple interactions with layers with other people among the family, school, workplace, neighborhood, residence place, and ultimately the community. This study aimed to investigate the concept and areas of social health of the workplace, its protective factors and risk factors from the perspective of the personnel and managers in a health center in eastern Tehran. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted through focused group discussions with main stakeholders including staff in the headquarters and front line of a health center in Tehran based on the qualitative research methodology. Sampling method was based on the purposive sampling including 20 participants arranged in three groups. In order to analyze data, framework analysis was employed consequently. Results: In this research, the concept of social well-being of the work environment is defined as indicators of healthy social behaviors, free of violence environments, lack of stress and insecurity, calmness in the workplace, personnel recognition, common organizational goals, job security, benefits, creativity and job satisfaction. Positive organizational values (organizational culture), positive (vertical) organizational relationships, proportionate expenditure, mental health, support of supervisors, interest in the work and the proportion of job duties with salaries and benefits as protective factors and environmental pollution, high levels of job responsibility, feelings of discrimination and injustice, unskilled managers, and instrumental attitudes towards employees have also been identified as the most important risk factors for the social well-being of work environments. Conclusion: The study showed that social health is an independent concept and is characterized by unique characteristics such as employee recognition, corporate organizational goals, job prospects, job security, job satisfaction, and creativity. Healthy social behaviors, an environment free of violence and stress, are also common indicators of social health in work environment and other environments including the family environment, school, community, and community. In general, it could be concluded that the necessity of changing the nature and concept of work from a crop-based approach to a health-oriented approach is the most important result of this research.

Background and Objective: The population of children of divorce is increasing nowadays as divorce rates increase and the problems and issues arising from divorce at this evolutionary stage can greatly affect their self-esteem and their psychological capital. The purpose of this study was to investigate acceptance and commitment training on self-worth and psychological capital among children of divorce who who were under maternal custody. Materials and Methods: This research was of semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population of this study included all adolescents who were under maternal custody and were studying in high schools of the city of Sari in the academic year of 2017-2018. A sample of 60 students were selected through multistage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups, each group including 30 participants. The experimental group participated in eight sessions of acceptance and commitment training sessions, while the control group did not receive any training. In order to measure the dependent variables, Luthanese psychological capital questionnaire and Nemati’ s Responsibility questionnaire were used. Multivariate analysis of covariance analysis was used to analyze the data in SPSS software version 22. Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants in the experimental group was 16. 2 (5. 3) and the control group 16. 7 (6. 3). The mean (SD) cognitive capital of the experimental group was 85. 4 (13. 8) in the pretest, which increased to 99. 3 (16. 7) post-test (P<0. 01); however, the mean (SD) cognitive capital of the control group was 85. 6 (12. 9) in the pretest, and 86. 4 (14. 2) in post-test, which was not statistically significant. The mean (SD) self-worth score of the experimental group was 12. 49 (17. 6) in the pretest, which increased to 167. 2 (22. 1) post-test (P <0. 01); however, the mean (SD) self-worth score in the control group was 123. 8 (16. 4) in the pretest, 125 (17. 9) in the post-test, which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed acceptance and commitment training can be an appropriate interventional method for improving self-worth and psychological capital among children of divorce.

Background and Objective: Catastrophizing and pain perception can cause more psychological problems among adolescents with leukemia. Therefore, medical interventions are effective in reducing psychological problems among adolescents with leukemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on catastrophizing and pain perception among adolescents with Leukemia. Materials and Methods: The present study was of semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population of this study included all adolescents with leukemia referred to Shariati Hospital in Tehran in 2016, among whom 60 (30 in the experimental and 30 in the control group) were selected by convenience sampling method and the intervention was conducted for the experimental group. The instrument was a McGill pain questionnaire and pain catastrophizing scale. Data analysis was performed using multivariate covariance analysis and one way covariance analysis using SPSS software version 22. Results: The mean (SD) age in the experimental group was 16. 1 (5) and 15. 1 (4. 1) in the control group. The mean (SD) score of catastrophizing in experimental group was 39. 8 (10. 2) in pre-test, which decreased to 32. 8 (8. 8) in the post-test (P<0. 01). The mean (SD) score of the control group was 37. 7 (5. 2) in the pre-test, which was 37. 8 (6. 5) in the post-test; however, it was not statistically significant. The mean (SD) score of the pain perception in the experimental group in the pre-test was 37. 5 (8. 1), which decreased to 33. 4 (9. 4) in post-test (P<0. 01). However, the mean (SD) score of the control group in pre-test was 36. 1 (4. 9) which was 35. 7 (6. 6) in the post-test, which was not significant. Conclusion: The study showed that the mindfulness-based stress reduction can reduce catastrophizing and pain perception among adolescents with leukemia.

Background and Objective: Veterans, their spouses and their children suffer from persistent pain and suffering. Many of them face many problems, including mental, physical, and economic, and therefore their general health is likely to be in danger. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on self-differentiation and mental health among veterans' children. Materials and Methods: This research was of semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, control group and follow-up. The statistical population of this study included all daughters of veterans who were high schoolstudents. Among the statistical population, 80 students were selected and after the implementation of the GQH-28 questionnaire, and 60 students who with middle and low scores were selected and randomly assigned to two groups, 30 students in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. The experimental group underwent eight sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy. Before and after intervention and the follow-up, tests were performed on groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 using covariance analysis. Results: The mean (SD) age of the experimental group was 16. 31 (0. 7) and the control group was 16. 22 (0. 6). The mean (SD) self-differentiation score in the pre-test of the experimental group increased from 1332 (18. 1) to 177. 1 (17. 1) in the post-test and 179. 5 (15. 6) in the follow up (P<0. 001), but the mean (SD) selfdifferentiation scores of the control group was not significantly different in pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The score for the lack of mental health in the experimental group varied from 58. 8 (7. 1) in the pre-test to 33. 2 (6. 4) in the post-test and 35. 1 (6. 6) in follow-up, but the mean (SD) of the mental health scores of the control group did not differ in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Conclusion: The study showed that acceptance and commitment therapy leads to increased self-isolation and reduced mental health of veterans’ children.

Background and Objective: Considering the importance of scientific productions on national and international levels, this study aimed to assess the challenges and obstacles of publishing national books by faculty members of Shahid Beheshti University of medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This qualitative research was conducted with participation of 13 faculty members who had long experiences in education and also publishing scientific books and were chosen by targeted sampling method. They were interviewed after providing informed consent. The duration of each semistructured interview was 30-60 minutes; all of them were recorded. The transcripts were written word by word and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: From 13 interviews, 510 primary codes were extracted and finally six themes of frequency and variety of policies, unclear outcomes, article-based researches, supportive approaches, lack of experienced researchers and lack of effective scientific networks were defined. In addition, 25 sub-themes were categorized under the themes. Conclusion: The study showed that despite the development of research and the related facilities, there are still challenges for publishing the books. Interventions in the fields of emotional, rules and regulations and financial incentives could be suggested for improvement.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based-Cognitive-Therapy and Solution-Focused Group Therapy on the Perception of Social Support and Interpersonal Relationships among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Background and Objective: Bribery is among financial crimes which has been highly condemned by Holy Quran and is defined as giving authorities and non-authorities to rule in one’ s favor. Quran has considered bribery as one of the biggest financial acts of corruption which could provide the basis for the collapse of societies through violation of the rights of individuals, impeding the implementation of justice and hindering economic development. This study aimed to investigate the social hames of bribery from Quran‘ s point of view. Materials and Methods: This study used a documentary and descriptive-analytical method. Results: The most important social damages of bribery were non-implementation of justice and law, lack of economic development, people's dissatisfaction and subjugation of government and expansion of illegal activities. In addition, realization of the desired economic status as described by Quran helps maintain the Quran's values and norms in the community to become religious thoughts to the common literature of society and people's lives. To this end, the Qur'an's discourse is to combat the corruptions of the bribe by a gradual approach which first began with the knowledge and introduction of society and then, through the promotion and modeling of values and culture, and the explanation of the consequences of discourse. Conclusion: To form any fundamental change in the society, it should be progressively planned and implemented, and radical and unplanned actions cannot have any profound and lasting effects. Therefore, Quran has chosen a progressively planned and step-by-step approach in the direction of discourse on combating bribery.