JOURNAL OF RESILIENT CITY
Year:2020 | Volume:2 | Issue:8|Papers Count:9

Earthquake as a natural phenomenon causes serious damage to humans. One of the most important measures before an earthquake is to be aware of the vulnerability of urban infrastructure. The transportation network as one of the main infrastructures of the city can help the water infrastructure in critical conditions and provide water supply to the people by transporting water by tanker to the water supply centers. What is needed here is to assess the vulnerability of the transport network to earthquakes in order to provide the necessary arrangements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vulnerability of Hamadan transportation network in terms of selected indicators and designation of alternative water supply centers. From the scientific methodological point of view, this research can be considered as a descriptive-analytical one where the descriptive data are collected through library studies and other field data are obtained through field operations. For this purpose, the vulnerability of the routes in each of the selected parameters (population density, age of the building, outdoor access, distance from the fault, etc. ) was investigated and the overall vulnerability map derived from the integration of all the indicators in the transport routes. The water was obtained by paired comparison method and ArcGis software and finally, considering the water requirement of each area and the vulnerability of the waterways, the number of alternative water supply centers was determined, which for a 3 center area, two 5 center area, Area 3 has 3 centers and area 4 has 2 centers.

Assessing urban vulnerable Areas to military attacks is one of the most important issues for urban managers and planners, so that many urban thinkers have considered the security of citizens as the most important tasks of governments. The main goal of this research is to evaluate pardis urban areas based on the principles of passive defense approach and identify areas with the highest and lowest degree of vulnerability. Accordingly, by using the location base data from pardis municipal database and the Iranian Statistics Center census data, firstly, the criteria were evaluated using the documentary and library method and then, Normalized with fuzzy functions. In the last step, standardized maps are overlapping with GAMMA technique and a final vulnerability map has made. The outcomes of the research indicate that the areas with the lowest degree of vulnerability are located in the center of the city where its first three phases are constructed. On the other hand, areas with high vulnerability have 28 percent of pardis Areas and low vulnerability areas with 15% have the lowest share of existing areas. In general, about 68 percent of the total area of the city is comprised of areas with moderate to high vulnerability. Sixth, eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh phases are known as the areas with the highest degree of vulnerability and consequently the lowest accessibility. The number of residents in each area also indicates the correct distribution of the population settled in the city, with only about eight percent of the population of the Pardis living in areas of moderate to high vulnerability.

One of the main challenges in human life is dealing with disasters (natural and human). In recent years, the incidence of such incidents has affected the body of cities, especially urban infrastructure. The urban resilience approach is used to deal with disasters. Therefore, this research used a descriptive-analytical research method. First, the indicators of resilience of urban infrastructure were collected. Then, Delphi technique, ANP, and Super Decision software were used to analyze the data and determine the importance of the criteria. According to the research results, resilience of urban infrastructure is a new and multilateral concept, paying attention to reversibility and continuity of performance and activity along with initial empowerment. Resilience is one of the essential features of urban infrastructure and resilient of urban infrastructure design and planning is necessary for achieving a resilient city because, in the event of natural and humane-made threats, the interdependence of infrastructure leads to disruption and failure of the entire system cascade. Urban infrastructure resilience has a cyclic process of prevention, absorption, recovery, and adaptation. Also, among the indicators, Time consumed for returning to the baseline is in the first priority, rate absorption is in second priority, the degree of interdependence is in the third priority, and then, in terms of strength and quality of structural design, having critical and supporting infrastructure, available resources, replacement capability, spatial distribution, location, service, and per capita usage and multi_perpose use are essential.

Today’ s urbanization growth is causing crowds, and the people in urban zone often deals the travel demand in order to carry out daily activities. In general, travel demand by personal transportation is higher than public transportation such as subway and bus in Tehran, that identify as problem. Additionally, due to the high demand for personal transportation, the number of injuries, accidents, and fatalities will be high, so improving the safety of citizens on the urban routs is critical. In present study, the system dynamics approach is proposed to investigate the behavior of variables that affect the transportation’ s modes demand. The structure of system dynamics model for forecasting travel demand consists of four subsystems including population, travel demand, investment in transportation, and traffic congestion subsystems. Based on subsystems, the stock and flow diagram is built, after implementing mathematical relations is simulated, finally, the model is validated. In this regard, several policy scenarios are predefined for increasing the demand of public and rail transportation, and decreasing the demand of personal transportation such as 1) reducing and increasing public transportation fare, 2) reducing and increasing rail transportation fare, 3) increasing investment in public and rail transportation and 4) controlling fuel price. According to this study, controlling fares and fuel price are more effective policies for travel demand management.

The role and importance of security today in To the extent that any society is prosperous which they see as the basis of any development. Especially in developing societies, facing a variety of crises and challenges Security plays an important role in development. But more important than security is feel safe. Feel safe just as important that security in that community actually feel safe Combination of individual, psychological and social factors. Purpose of the research is investigating women’ s sense of security in the city of Ahar. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical population was women over 15 years old in Ahar that the sample is 381 people. Questionnaire data were analyzed by SPSS software. And tests such as two-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression were used. The findings of the study indicate this there was a significant relationship between all individual characteristics (level of education, marital status, and type of activity) with regard to security. Except for age attributes, which had no significant relationship with security. The relationship between sense of security and social trust and police performance has been found to be direct and meaningful. Multivariate regression model analysis revealed the variables of social trust and police performance were also the most influential variables the sense of security in Ahar city is 3. 29, which is above average so the security in Ahar is relatively good.

Increasing population density increases the potential for cities to be vulnerable to threats from natural and man-made crises. Therefore, in order to reduce the consequences of these threats, appropriate planning and countermeasures should be envisaged. The purpose of this article is to develop a process of urban resilience to improve cities’ performance against disasters. Urban resilience was identified by reviewing the literature, concepts, dimensions, components, indicators and variety of evaluation methods. Finally, the lack of a method for assessing resilience was identified as a concern for the development of urban resilience studies.