JOURNAL OF TORBAT HEYDARIYEH UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2019 | Volume:7 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

medicine that has been used for a long time as a therapeutic method in traditional Iranian Islamic medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of leech therapy on blood lactate level and pain perception index following an Exhausting Physical activity in young male athletes. Methods: Sixteen athletes of young men were selected and randomly divided into two groups: control and leech therapy with equal number (8 persons). In leech therapy groups, immediately after the completion of the Bruce test, two medicinal leeches were used for 30 minutes. The site of placement of medicinal leeches was selected along the cephalic vein. The subjects participated in an exhaustive Bruce test. The lactate level and the level of perceived muscle pain were measured before, immediately, half and 1 hour after the Bruce test. Results: Significance of the interaction of group * Time in repeated measures ANOVA showed that post-test mean, lactate mean and pain index of lecch treatment group are significantly lower than control group (P = 0. 01 lactate). (P = 0. 01 pain). Results of within-group changes showed a significant change in lactate content (P = 0. 001). And pain index (P = 0. 001). Conclusion: Blood lactate levels and pain perception decrease as a result of treatment; therefore, it is suggested that athletes benefit the advantages of leech therapy to reduce the level of blood lactate and the level of pain perception following a maximal exercise session as well as to increase performance during vigorous activities.

Background & Aim: Extract of pomegranate peel is a potential bioactive substance to combat cancer due to its rich cytotoxic components including polyphenols. This study aimed to identify phytochemical ingredients of pomegranate peel extract and assessed the level of their cytotoxicity on a cervical cancer cell line. In addition, the effect of this extract on expression of a key gene in the process of angiogenesis was evaluated. Methods: In the present study, pomegranate peel ingredients were extracted qualitatively using the Soxhlet apparatus and their phytochemical composition was identified. The level of cytotoxicity of different concentrations of the extract in different time intervals was assessed on the Hela cell line using the MTT assay. Then, the PDGF gene expression in the cells treated by the extract was evaluated quantitatively employing the Real-time PCR technique. Statistical analysis was based on Duncan's multiple range test using SPSS software package and linear regression model. Results: The phytochemical tests proved that methanolic extract of the pomegranate peel contained different ingredients such as polyphenols. MTT test results revealed that the extract possesses antitumor effect at different concentrations. Gene expression studies indicated that the extract decreases the expression of PDGF in Hela cancer cell line (P=0. 004). Conclusion: The pomegranate peel extract induces antitumor and cytotoxic effects and is able to inhibit the growth and spread of cervical cancer cells, thus it might have the potential to be used effectively in the prevention of cancer cell proliferation.

Background & Aim: Groundwater is a major source of drinking water in Zahedan city; however, its quality is affected by high human activities and leads to the increased level of nitrate. This study was conducted to evaluate the nitrate concentration in water resources compared to the standards and also evaluating its Non-Carcinogenic Risk (Hazard Quotient: HQ) in Zahedan city. Methods: In this study, 170 samples from urban water distribution and 179 samples from rural water distribution were collected. Nitrate concentration in samples were measured by spectrophotometer and health risk assessment of existing nitrate was estimated by model of US Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization. Results: Maximum, minimum and average of nitrate concentration in urban areas were found to be 236. 7, 4. 7 and 40/87± 3/81, respectively; and in rural areas those were 211, 5. 3 and 31/89± 3/15 mg/l, respectively. The Hazard Quotient was higher than one for 44% of children, 14% of women and 8% of men in urban areas and 55% of children, 22% of women and 18% of men in rural areas. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that children are at higher Non-Cancer Risk for water than adults. Therefore, controlling human activities, improving sewage collection systems and enhancing water treatment methods can be very effective in nitrate intake through drinking water and promotion of health, especially for children.

Background & Aim: Personality traits and motivational structure are important and influential factors in adolescent decision making. In this regard, the adolescent's perception of parenting style has an important role in his/her orientations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of perception of parenting style in relationship between motivational structure and personality traits. Methods: The population of the study included all high school students (both boys and girls) in the district 1 of Mashhad between 2018-2019. 460 male and female students were selected by available sampling method and replied to the questionnaire of motivational structure, NEO personality traits and perceived parenting style. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. و 25 AMOS. 24 and by structural equation modeling statistical method. Results: In this study, the mean and standard deviation of participants' age were 13. 74± 0. 99. Positive and significant relationship was found between personality factors except neuroticism with adaptive motivation. The relationship between neuroticism and adaptive motivation was negative and significant (r=-0. 12, p<0. 01). Other findings showed that perceptions of parenting style mediated the relationship between personality traits and motivational structure. 12% of the changes in adaptive motivation were influenced by personality traits and perceived parenting style. Conclusion: Teenagers with personality traits extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness who have a positive perception of their family environment and parenting style have a high expectation of achieving and following their goals and is more likely to choose the correct and realistic goals and have the adaptive motivational structure.

cancer and depression. Regular physical activity is a priority of a healthy lifestyle and is one of the ways to strengthen the immune system and prevent non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior on promoting physical activity of female health workers in Kashmar. Methods: The quasi-experimental study was performed on 61 female health workers. The units were randomly assigned to the control and intervention groups. A researcher-made physical activity questionnaire was used to collect the data. Four weeks of intervention for the target group and the control group did not receive any intervention. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software using chi-square and independent t-test. Results: After intervention, there was a significant increase in the mean of the abstract normative, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention and physical activity in the intervention group compared to the control group (p <0. 05). The mean score of attitude before and after the intervention did not increase significantly (p> 0. 05). Conclusion: Educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior promoted physical activity of employed female health workers. It is recommended to use this theory in early prevention educational programs.

Background & Aim: Audit professionals’ skepticism is one of the behavioral and personality traits that is effective in reducing agency costs, audit quality, and enhancing public confidence. On this basis, it is very important to know the factors contributing to enhancement or degradation of professional skepticism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperaments and the level of professional skepticism of auditors. Methods: The statistical population consisted of auditors working in official accountants’ community of Mashhad in 2018. 147 auditors were selected using simple random sampling. Auditors' professional skepticism and temperament were measured using two valid and reliable instruments. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using multivariate linear regression at 95% significance level. Results: The results showed that hot and dry temperaments had a significant relationship with the professional skepticism variable (r = 0. 15 and p-value = 0. 04). Also, cold and wet temperament had a significant relationship with the professional skepticism variable (r =-0. 24 and p-value = 0. 03). Overall, the findings showed that those with hot and dry temperaments had more professional skepticism and those with cold and wet temperaments had less professional uncertainty. Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings indicate that temperament affects the level of professional skepticism in auditors.

Background & Aim: One of the important steps in identification of problems in infertile couples using assisted reproductive donation procedures, is investigating their attitude about these procedures and factors affecting it, so this study was conducted to investigate the association of socio-demographic characteristics of infertile men and women with their attitude towards donation procedures. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was carried out on 230 infertile men and women that were selected using convenience sampling from Milad infertility research center in Mashhad, Iran. Data were collected by socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes towards donation procedures questionnaires and were analyzed using SPSS software version 14 and statistical tests including t-test, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, ANOVA and Spearman correlation coefficient test. P value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean score attitude of infertile women (58. 12 ± 3. 3) and infertile men (57. 12 ± 8. 0) was moderate and did not show any significant difference (P> 0. 05). Among socio-demographic characteristics studied, the religious variables in women (P = 0. 022) and income level (P =0. 016) and assurance of quality of care in men (P =0. 021) were significantly different with attitude. Conclusion: Attitudes of men and women towards Donation Procedures are modest and religious variables affect women's attitudes and income levels, also, assurances of quality of care affect men's attitudes.

Background & Aim: Nurses as the most abundant health care staffs are expected to provide safe and accurate nursing services with high ethical competence. In order to determine which nurses are ethically competent we need to have a clear definition for various aspects of this concept. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the concept of ethical competence in nursing. Methods: Walker and Avant eight-step method was used for clarifying the concept of "ethical competence". Using “ nursing” and “ ethical competence” keywords, electronic databases including Pubmed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, OVID, Persian Scientific Information Database (SID), Iranian Research Institute for Science and Technology (IranDOC) and MAGIRAN publication database were searched without time limit based on the inclusion criteria, and 22 studies were included in review. Results: The nursing Ethical competence was defined. Conceptual defining features included moral personality, moral judgment, moral awareness, moral motivation, moral sensitivity, moral courage, moral care, and suggestive definition of moral competence, including mastery of moral characteristics, ability to combine and organize them in nursing positions, with responsibility for it. Conclusion: A Review the concept analysis of ethical competence in this article can provide an objective image, comprehensive understanding of this concept and be effective step to educate, reinforce, measure, and ultimately development of that to improve the quality and safety of nursing service.