Journal of Tax Research
Year:2020 | Volume:28 | Issue:45 (93)|Papers Count:6

Nowadays, Value Added Tax (VAT) plays an important role in the economy of countries. Furthermore, VAT accounts for more than a half of their total tax revenues. The statistical surveys during the past decade indicate that the VAT increased dramatically across the world including Iran. Therefore, the ratio of VAT revenues to GDP is 12%, 4% in developed and developing countries respectively; however, it accounts only 3. 14% for Iran. With regards to these statics, the main question is what can define the difference in the ratio of Value Added Tax to GDP in these countries? For identifying the main determinants of VAT revenues to GDP, this paper will focus on the VAT registration threshold by using EGLS method of 48 countries over 2008-2017. The results obtained from the estimation of the model indicate that the ratio of VAT revenues to GDP has a negative relationship with the dummy variables, zero rates and exporting the oil of a country, and a positive relationship with other variables. The results bring to important issues regarding collecting VAT revenues: firstly that VAT registration threshold increases VAT revenues. secondly that government should use VAT as one of the main source of increasing revenues, particularly over these years, due to sanctions. Furthermore, this study suggests that the VAT threshold, especially in the VAT law, should be considered.

The present study investigates the motivation for paying taxes in public companies based on the continuity of the CEO. Managers of public corporations may seek to increase profits and tax avoidance activities to provide a better image of the company and to preserve their personal position and interests. For this purpose, the data of the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 2007 to 2017 were extracted and the regression model of the pooled data was used to test the research hypotheses. The results show that state-owned companies have less tax avoidance than private-owned companies. Also, the second hypothesis of the study predicted that the continuity of CEO has a significant effect on tax avoidance. But the third hypothesis has not been confirmed by the simultaneous effect of continued selection of managers in state-owned corporations with higher taxation.

Nowadays, knowledge is a valuable and strategic source as well as an asset for evaluation and forecasting. Presenting these strategies in discovering corporate tax evasion has become an important topic today and various solutions have been proposed. In the past, various approaches to identify tax evasion and the like have been presented, but these methods have not been very accurate and the overhead of calculations has also been high. Hence, in this study, a solution is proposed that is based on a combination of the three methods of ID3, Bayesian network and SVM algorithm. In this research, the hybrid RAF set algorithm and hierarchical decision algorithm are used for pre-processing and selecting effective data. The proposed solution in Visual Studio environment using C # programming language and help from Veka library has been compared with popular methods such as ID3, Bayesian and SVM and it is found that this method has much higher accuracy than other methods. The case has been investigated and this indicates the robustness of the proposed method compared to the methods investigated.

The present study identifies business tax compliance risks using the grounded theory approach. The statistical population of the study is the elite and experts in the field of taxation who have been selected from the snowball or chain sampling method for the interview according to the purpose of the research. After receiving the opinion of 23 elites and experts in 2019, 28 cases of business tax compliance risks were identified and according to the open and central coding method, risks were classified in 4 sections: financial events registration, tax return, providing information and tax debt settlement. The prioritization of tax compliance risks using the hierarchical analysis method shows that in the non-registration of financial events section, the highest risk of compliance is use of two ledgers in recording financial events. In the risk-taking section of the statement, the most important risk is the non-submission of the statement. In the risk-taking section of taxpayers, the highest risk is failure to submit documents and ledgers on time. According to the results of this study, tax decision makers can fill the legal gaps in the sectors that have the highest risk of tax evasion and provide an executive guarantee to comply with it.

Taxation issues are among the factors which balance between private rights and public interests. But the legal system of contracts also works for the welfare of the people and society. The general rules of contracts and the principles of private law have found their essential functions during the years. Applying the above rules aimed at preserving public order along with the private rights of individuals, the combination of freedom and individual rights with public order makes it more acceptable from the legal, social or economic perspectives. The principles of tax law are always denounced, where private rights of individuals are violated and this leads to taxation away from their goals. Anti-tax avoidance rules created by tax legislators sometimes violate the private rights of persons and disrupt the general order of contracts. This Intervention neglects the principle of supremacy of will, taxable of some contracts without legal backing (Legality). The adoption of such tax laws causes disobedience and tax evasion. This is while resorting to well-known rules such as fraudulent conveyance (or transaction in order to avoid liability), fictitious transaction (or nominal transaction), illegitimate motives of transaction, depending on the circumstances and types of tax avoidance can be used as anti-tax avoidance rules. In this case, taxpayers face these rules which are basically used In order to protect the private rights of individuals, showed less resistance and it also leads to tax transparency.

In dealing with tax evasion phenomenon and developing tax sanctions generally, two preventive and behaviorism approaches can be mentioned. The inhibitory approach believes that by increasing the likelihood of discovering tax evasion and the severity of tax sanctions, tax evasions can be reduced. On the contrary, the behaviorism approach believes that the increase in tax compliance among the taxpayers requires using the procedures that alter the mentality of taxpayers towards the tax system and the tax category. It is considered to provide necessary training to the taxpayers, upgrading their tax knowledge, tax justice, improving their tax ethics and simplifying the tax system in the desired behavior model. The present paper examines the method of secondary analysis and interview of these two patterns in the Iranian tax system and concluded that the emphasis of Iranchr('39')s tax laws, especially reforms of the year 1394, is more direct to the inhibitory approach and is less important to behavioral indexes. Therefore, paying attention to the behavioral components along with the transparency of tax information (increasing the probability of discovering + State responsibility) is suggested as a worthy model in designing tax sanctions.