VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2020 | Volume:14 | Issue:3 (55)|Papers Count:8

Milk somatic cell count (SCC) is a common method of assessing the quality of milk produced and the status of mastitis. Massage improves the level of cellular immunity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of massage on udder immune system according to SCC and milk production. For this purpose, 14 high-producing cows aged about 3 years which had given birth three months ago were chosen. The cows were then divided into control and treatment groups. The treatment group received udder massage twice a day for four weeks. During the investigation, weekly SCC was conducted. The rate of milk production was also recorded on day zero and in the sixth week which was the last week of massaging in the treatment group. The results indicated a dramatic and non-significant (p>0. 05) increase of SCC and a significant decrease of milk production in the treatment group. There was no significant difference in SCC between the two groups except in the third week and no significant correlation was observed between milk production and SCC. But the difference in average milk production between the two groups at the end of the sixth week was significant (p<0. 05) in comparison to the first week. The results of the present study indicated that long-term massage is stressful and decreases the level of udder immunity and subsequent milk production.

Strangles is one of the most important infectious diseases of equids caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. The disease is characterized by fever, anorexia, lethargy, purulent nasal discharge, and lymphadenopathy, particularly of the lymph nodes of the head and neck. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence rate of S. equi infection in apparently healthy working horses of Urmia region in northwestern Iran. Sera from 46 apparently healthy horses were tested by enzyme linked immunosrobent assay (ELISA) kit (ID Screen S. equi Indirect) to detect IgG to S. equi M protein (SeM) antigen. Data were analyzed for effect of sex and age on seropositivity by chi-squared, fisher’ s exact and logistic regression tests. A total of 73. 9% (95% CI: 61. 2-86. 6%) of samples were positive for S. equi antibodies. Seropositivity was not affected by age (p>0. 05) and sex (p>0. 05). In regression analysis only age was significant between predictor variables. Odds of infection between the age based on year and disease was 1. 403 (95% CI: 1. 006-1. 958), and age explained 0. 339% of infection’ s fluctuations. The final summary of results indicates that exposure to S. equi is very high in apparently healthy working horses of Urmia region.

The cardiac index which is obtained by dividing the cardiac output on the body surface is known as the standard parameter to evaluate tissue perfusion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cardiac index changes as a novel criterion to estimate the time of fluid therapy termination in dogs with hypovolemic shock. For this purpose, 10 mixed breed dogs were selected and after determination of body surface area, cardiac output was measured by Doppler echocardiography in eight stages. After induction of anesthesia and recording of vital signs, cardiac index evaluation was performed in control stage. Hypovolemic shock was induced by blood withdrawal to a mean arterial pressure of 40 to 50 mmHg within 30 minutes and then maintained for 30 minutes under hypovolemic condition. The dogs were then randomly divided into two equal groups; each group was resuscitated with lactated Ringer's solution (20 ml/kg) or 6% hydroxyethyl starch (5 ml/kg) over four 15-min intervals. The dogs were monitored for up to one hour from the last stage of resuscitation and at the end of each stage evaluation of cardiac index was performed. Hypovolemic shock caused significant decrease in cardiac index (2. 3± 0. 1) compared to control stage (4. 8± 0. 6) (p<0. 05). Following resuscitation, cardiac index increased and returned to pre-shock values in both groups. Based on the results of this study, echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac index is an ideal criterion for estimating the termination of resuscitation in dogs with hypovolemic shock.

The traditional methods of diagnosing Salmonella which are time-consuming and sometimes problematic, are still used to identify Salmonella serotypes in clinical and food samples, but with the invention of rapid molecular detection methods, these problems have been largely eliminated. The present study aimed to rapidly detect different Salmonella isolates based on invA chromosomal gene search and also to identify acute isolates containing spv operon virulence genes. To this end, 20 human isolates of Salmonella were obtained from hospitals in Tabriz and 20 isolates of this bacterium were isolated from traditional cheese available on Tabriz consumer market. The molecular confirmation of isolates was first evaluated using specific primers of invA gene by simplex PCR method. Then, in order to evaluate the acute strains of the bacterium based on the presence of operon spv, the presence of spvA, B, C and R genes was examined by multiplex PCR using the relevant specific primers. The results showed that firstly, all isolates had molecular confirmation. Secondly, all 40 tested isolates had 3 spvA, C and R genes, but none of them had spvB gene. It seems that due to the limitations and problems in the traditional laboratory examination of Salmonella, PCR can be used as a rapid method to detect Salmonella infection. Also, the presence of 3 out of 4 virulence genes of opron spv in different Salmonella isolates in Tabriz region should be considered an undesirable finding, which emphasizes the need to further observe principles of control and prevention in animal and human communities.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is secreted by cardiac myocytes and its plasma concentration often increases in patients with cardiovascular disease in response to blood volume expansion and stretching of cardiac chambers. Increase in plasma concentration of ANP (CpANP) has been observed in humans with cardiac diseases and horses with left-sided valvular disease. This study aimed to investigate plasma ANP level in horses with pulmonic valve regurgitation and its association with echocardiographic parameters. Clinical and echocardiographic examinations were performed on several jumping horses in the equestrian clubs of Tehran, Iran. Eleven horses with pulmonic valve regurgitation were identified by echocardiographic examination and were included in the case group (Group A), and 14 healthy horses were taken as the control group (Group B). Then, B-Mode, M-Mode and doppler echocardiographic parameters were measured and compared between the two groups. Blood samples from the jugular vein were collected in tubes and were transferred to laboratory. CpANP was measured by Sandwich ELISA method using an equine specific kit. Mean CpANP of horses in group1 and group2 were 6. 39± 2. 87 pg/ml and 4. 78± 2. 45 pg/ml respectively, but no significant differences were observed. Except for right ventricular internal diameter, other echocardiographic parameters were not significantly different between the two groups. CpANP was significantly correlated to systolic right ventricle length and left ventricular width. In conclusion no significant differences were observed between CpANP of healthy horses and horses with pulmonic regurgitation. Based on the Correlation between CpANP and right ventricle length, an elevation in CpANP might be expected in severe pulmonic regurgitation with change in ventricle`s dimensions.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is one of the emerging pathogenic bacteria transmitted by mites, which causes zoonotic disease, between humans and many animals. Hence, its importance in public health is significant. The aim of this study was molecular identification of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in cattle and sheep of Gilan province. For this purpose, during 2018, 200 blood samples of cattle, and 200 blood samples from sheep were collected randomly via the jugular vein from different parts of Gilan province. The extracted DNA from blood cells were amplified by Anaplasma-all primers, which amplify an approximately 1468bp DNA fragment from region of 16S rRNA gene from various members of the genus Anaplasma. All 70 bovine positive specimens were analyzed for the presence of A. phagocytophilum with proprietary nested-PCR and 66 of blood samples (33%) were positive for A. phagocytophilum. In addition, 38 sheep positive samples with proprietary nested-PCR were analysed for the presence of A. phagocytophilum and 10 of sheep blood samples (5%) were positive for A. phagocytophilum. The chi-square test was used to compare the percentage of A. phagocytophilum contamination of cattle and sheep in association with different seasons, different ages, animal gender, sea level, carriers and type of animal husbandry (semi-industrial-traditional). The results of this comparison indicated that only the abundance of A. phagocytophilum in sheep of Gilan province had a significant difference between the first and second half of the year (p<0. 05). The results of this study showed that A. phagocytophilum is a common species of Anaplasma in livestock of Gilan province. Given the role of this species in the occurrence of granulocytic anaplasmosis in humans, this issue is important in terms of public health.

Anticancer drugs used in the treatment of neoplasia have harmful effects on organs with rapid cell division such as testicular tissue. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists may have a preventive effect on spermatogenic defect produced by anticancer drugs such as cyclophosphamide. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the preventive effect of GnRH antagonist (Cetrorelix) on cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in testicular tissue of mice. For this purpose, 30 adult 6-8 week old male mice were divided into three groups of control (no treatment), treatment 1 (50mg/kg intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide) and treatment 2 (0. 25 mg/kg subcutaneous cetrorelix plus 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide). The mice were sacrificed 35 days after the last injection of cetrorelix and testicular speciemens were isolated for histomorphological and ultrastructural studies. Histomorphometric studies of the seminiferous tubules in the first treatment group showed significant decrease in the number of sertoli cells and the thickness of germinal epithelium (p<0. 05). Ultrastructural study revealed that several intercellular spaces appear between sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells, and also there were a lot of degenerated mitochondria in the sertoli cells. In the second treatment group, conditions were similar to the control group to some extent. These results demonstrated that cetrorelix can protect the germinal epithelium of testis to some extent against side effects of cyclophosphamide.

Coenurosis and Listerial encephalitis are two diseases of the central nervous system in sheep. In September 2018, an 18-month-old male sheep was referred to the Tehran University Veterinary Hospital with complaints of dullness, depression and anorexia. In observation and clinical examination within 1 hour, signs of dullness, depression, body temperature of 39 , unilateral left sided blindness, clonic seizure, head deviation to the left, stiffness of the limbs, circling in a circular path and head tilt were recorded. After clinical examination, the patient underwent hematological laboratory tests and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and autopsy under sterile conditions. Neutrophilic-eosinophilic pleocytosis was present in the cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid and in autopsy, a protoscolex containing cyst was observed in the affected brain. The scolexes were examined by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), which confirmed the presence of Coenuosis cerebralis. The brain sample was then subjected to bacterial culture (with cold enrichment) and histopathological examination. The presence of Listeria monocytogenes bacteria was identified during biochemical and PCR investigations. In histopathological study of brain tissue, meningoencephalitis and mononuclear cell infiltration around the cyst were observed. After bacterial isolation, the antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was determined with the highest susceptibility recorded to penicillin. In the survey of relevant herd status, the consumption of low quality silage with an acidity of 5. 8 and the presence of 15 stray dogs in the pasture were recorded.