THE HISTORY OF ISLAMIC CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
Year:2020 | Volume:11 | Issue:38|Papers Count:6

Most studies have focused on the issue of how civilization was shaped from the evolutionary process of human communication, privileges, and inventions aspects; while Allameh Jafari has mostly focused on examining the mental states that lead human beings to make a civilization; however, he does not provide a single system in this regard. This research examines Allameh Jafari's thought in a descriptive-analytical way to systematically introduce the interaction that takes place among the spiritual states of essence protection, freedom, authority and power in the process of making a civilization. It also studies the extent to which the carnal components are effective in the making of a civilization. The results show that man, in the path of growth and development, removes it from the state of self-centeredness by positively modifying the preservation of nature. In this case, by modifying freedom and making it voluntary, it aims at the excellent relations between human beings, and by using power in this direction, civilizational manifestations are gradually formed and the process of civilization is initiated.

Choosing a place as a destination for immigration and staying there is mutually connected to the land facilities and the migrants' efforts. The Ash'aris came to Qom at the end of the first century (AH) and continued their collective life in this area until the middle of the fourth century (AH). This study seeks to explain the causes of migration and the continuation of the Ash'aris' settlement in the Qom region, taking into account the time factor and the possible geographical facilities. In the possibility-oriented approach, land conditions and facilities as a geographical context and the immigrants' actions as an active human factor are examined simultaneously. The emptiness of the Qom region from the presence of influential Arab immigrants allowed the Ash'aris to continue their presence there without clashing with the rival tribes. The Daylamites' attacks made it necessary to accept the Ash'aris as defensive fighting forces. The changes in the habitation and possession patterns and management of water and soil resources by the Ash'aris provided the necessary facilities for their continued residence and led to the comprehensive development of Qom.

One way to ensure the accuracy of a historical report is its proximity to the happening of that event. The time interval and the involvement of intermediary circles in the narration of each event as well as the unrealistic mindsets would mix in lies and distortions in the report. Paying attention to the types of writings about Ashura can be an element to achieve the true narration of Ashura. This article tries to deal with various types of writings and their styles implementing a descriptive-analytical approach. The researchers try to examine the main factors causing an incorrect interpretation of the true narration of Ashura by introducing the characteristics of each type. Some factors such as fragmentation, misunderstandings and sectarian thoughts, disregard for documents and exaggeration could distort the methods and practices adopted in the Maqtal writings. It is obvious that when a Maqtal writer pays attention to the type and style of Maqtal writings along with their harms, he/she can make a correct analysis of the Ashura event which is far from skepticism.

Hillah is an influential city in the Shiite world, founded by the rulers of Bani Mazid. Some features of this city can be applied to the definitions of a stable Islamic city and its components. Therefore, by classifying the components of a sustainable Islamic city into materialistic and spiritual aspects, we will examine them in Hillah. In this study, it has been tried to examine the spiritual factors to create integration between the residents and materialistic factors at a lower level, for sustenance and security. The sustainability of a city depends on the existence of these components together; otherwise it will lose its prosperity as what has happened in Hillah in the ninth century (AH). Therefore, in the construction of the city of Hillah, we come to the conclusion that Bani Mazids, by using the maximum of the factors influencing the sustainability of the city, were able to display a special function of the Islamic civilization.

The issue of the collapse of states has long been considered by thinkers in the social sciences, philosophers, historians, and political scientists. These groups believe that there are laws governing the decline of governments throughout history. Based on the theory of degeneration of Ibn Khaldun and using the qualitative-explanatory method, the existing research seeks to answer the question of why the Safavid dynasty fell. It is hypothesized that the decline of nationalism along with loving luxury life and corruption of government officials were the main causes of the fall of the Safavid dynasty. The authors of this study, while using Ibn Khaldun's concepts as a theoretical framework for analyzing the causes of the fall of the Safavid dynasty, are trying to take his thought out of the dry form of mere theorizing and apply it to the objective realities and political conditions of a government to measure the ability of Ibn Khaldun's theory to conform to the realities of the state that existed in a different spatial and temporal period than his lifetime.

The Nizari Ismaili segment led by Hassan Sabah, is the founder of the assassination in its classical sense; What has been less seen before and in the historical context of Iran in the Middle Ages is that the current facilities and forces have been used in a completely organized way as a strategy and at the same time a defensive tactic. In the present study, the authors followed the strategies used in the Ismaili sect based on the historical evidence and analyzed the sociological factors that influenced the development of ideological and political goals of this movement. The authors also focus on the Tilly's Resource Mobilization Theory to answer these questions: What is the role of strategies in achieving the ideological-political goals of the Nizari Ismaili segment? And what is the share of each? The results show that the Nizari Ismaili segment used strategies to achieve its goals, which played a significant role in its historical success (at least during the reign of Hassan Sabah).