Woman in Development and Politics
Year:2021 | Volume:18 | Issue:4|Papers Count:7

Women's harassment is seen in some organizations and one type of that is "Quid Pro Quo sexual harassment", in which case the harasser often is his manager or senior employee and offer something to the victim or threat him instead of participating in certain sexual behaviors; and the victim refuses to to talk about it for some reason. The purpose of this study is to provide a solution to prevent women harassment in organizations and to provide a solution for victims after the problem. The main question is how to prevent sexual harassment of women in organizations. This research tries to use social innovation, to solve the problem, because the cooperation of all relevant people and stakeholders is needed. This problem was used snowball sampling, and four-step social change process model and action research method were used in that. Finally, some quick fixes and fundamental solutions were proposed. By quick fixes like prosecute, internal complaint system, organization's oversight and fundamental solutions like culturalize, social support for victims, having a policy to prevent harassment in organizations, and especially the commitment of all stakeholders, can solve the problem fundamentally. This study is one of the first studies to revision harassment in organizations that has been conducted with systematic thinking and basic solutions to solve it.

In developed societies, the right to health has gained a broad meaning and different countries have redefined it in various dimensions. Explaining the right to women's health influenced by gender and experiencing multiple changes during their lifetime is of particular importance and requires the creation of a new structure based on accurate knowledge and awareness of the needs and the factors affecting it. In public law, the securement of public health and maintaining the health of citizens are among the fundamental responsibility of states. Government intervention includes a wide range of measures to improve health through the formulation and monitoring of laws and the implementation of macro-policies in this area. This qualitative research, has been conducted by describing and analyzing the relevant Micro and macro documents and has identified the right to women's health in various and high important dimensions such as physical, spiritual, psychological, social, occupational, environmental and intellectual dimensions. The findings of the research and review of upstream documents and macro-policies indicate that only some aspects of the right to women's health have been identified and regulated, therefore the development of a comprehensive legislative program for women's right to health in all areas is essential based on macro-transformative policies as one of the indicators of development.

Women have been more or less influential in the history of human civilization in various ways, politically, socially, or positively or negatively. One of the most prominent and influential works in which women can be found is Khawaja Nizam al-Molk's policy paper, which reflects the ideas of the most prominent and politicians of the Islamic era. In this book, Khawaja Nizam al-Molk has targeted women with sharp words. The purpose of the present study is to answer the question of why Khawaja has criticized women in the Nizam al-Mulk regime and whether all women are in the midst of her harsh words, as previous researches have suggested, and the ejaculation in this regard is minor. have taken. To answer this question, we have used Critical Discourse Analysis Theory at three levels of vocabulary, interpretation, and explanation. Because this theory focuses on the category of gender as a social issue and a generative one. The findings of the present study show that only women courtiers were in the throes of Khwaja's crushing criticism, and Khwaja refuses to include some of the court women in opposition to her continued power and dominance, and that she is not fundamentally speaking to all women. In order to legitimize his political dominance, both he and his followers, including some of his contemporaries, are marginalizing some of the court women. .

Nowadays, in addition to professional and capable employees, hospitals need healthy, enthusiastic and passionate nurses. Organizational health and Job engagement in employees has been considered by many researchers in behavioral sciences and industrial and organizational psychologists for many years, and has been attempting to identify its predisposing factors. Among the factors that threaten nurses' job engagement and organizational health are increasing the silence and reducing the organizational voice of nurses, which first affects their job engagement and then leads to a decrease in organizational health. In this regard, the present study investigates the effect of organizational silence and voice on job engagement of women nurses and their organizational health. This study was conducted on a non-random sample available of 268 nurses in Ahvaz hospitals. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection. Data were collected by standard questionnaires with validity and reliability and analyzed using and structural equation modeling with Smart PLS software. The results of data analysis showed that organizational silence and voice of nurses with path coefficients of-0. 44, 0. 48 and-0. 39, 0. 53 and t-statistic more than 1. 96, had significant effect on their job engagement & organizational health, respectively. The findings showed that the organizational silence of nurses leads to a decrease in job engagement and, consequently, a decrease in their organizational health, and, organizational voice will increase the job engagement of women nurses and thus improve their organizational health.

Sexual health is the state of physical, mental, and socio-cultural well-being with respect to all sexual experiences, which is regarded as one of the main indicators of human and sustainable development. This dimension of health, in contrast to others, requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality issues, and having a safe and satisfied sexual relationship without any coercion, discrimination, and violence. This paper, aims at investigating mental and meaning construction process involved in sexual health among Tabriz City’ s married women. To this end, qualitative method and thematic analysis approach has been employed to analyze semi-structured in-depth interviews among 26 married women of age 20 to 45, following the rule of variation. Data, according to the existing standards, is analyzed by the use of a multi-phase inductive coding scheme to drive all common meanings with respect to sexual health. Results showed that mental meaning of sexual health among participants includes four axial codes, including; “ sexual informational relationship” , “ sexual emotional relationship” , “ mutual and balanced physical sexual health” , and “ sexual normative balance’ which all could be understood as an inclusive (selective) code of “ sexual health as a social problem” .

Human capital is one of the factors affecting economic growth that can enhance and improve economic and social opportunities. At the same time, women represent half of the whole population and are one of the pillars of the family and societies. It is important to make use of their talents and capabilities as human capital to achieve economic growth. However, gender discrimination has been considered as a factor that not only violates basic human rights, but can also reduce the productivity and quality of human capital and economic growth. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of gender discrimination in four areas: education, labor market, social conditions and women's empowerment on economic growth in the developing countries during the period 2000-2018. In this study, Stata and EViews software were used to analyze the results with the Panel data method and using World Bank data the relationship between gender discrimination and economic growth has been estimated. The results show that Labor force growth and trade openness variables in the developing countries have a negative and significant effect on economic growth, and investment growth has a positive and significant effect on economic growth. In these countries, gender equality has no significant relationship with economic growth.