The Financial Accounting and Auditing Researches
Year:2021 | Volume:13 | Issue:49|Papers Count:10

Current age is the age of knowledge governance on corporates. The 21st century is known as the century of knowledge-oriented economy based on the intellectual capital. According to researchers, intellectual capital is the most important factor in creating value-added in companies and their performance. Therefore, measuring intellectual capital is of particular importance in measuring corporate performance. In this research, a multi-criteria model has been provided for evaluating intellectual capital Based on the judgmental sampling method and the availability of information, the sample consisted of 81 companies include: banks, automobiles and related parts, chemicals, investment and pharmaceuticals, and used financial and non-financial information. The research method used is mixed and value (qualitative) judgments is used in modeling; to test hypotheses, quantitative and qualitative methods. . Further evaluations of the proposed model show that given to the results of Friedman test on the questionnaire of experts’ survey, including 22 researchers familiar with the field of intellectual capital, they have more advantage for the proposed model than other indicators, and in the following, Spearman test shows a significant positive relationship among the results of the proposed model and the profitability of corporates across the industries(except investment), which is consistent with most research conducted in this area. Corporates active in the industries under study can utilize the results of this model for annual assessment of their intellectual capital, and take action for annual planning and evaluating management performance in terms of achieving the goals and aligning it with the corporate overall strategy in the field of intellectual capital through examining the model’ s components.

By demonstrating the inability of standard financial models that are based on perfect rationality, behavioral finance school turned to psychology and behavioral decision knowledge. Behavioral finance means the study of investment behavior by using the ideas and beliefs that investors may act irrationally. According to behavioral finance model, because many factors are involved in investors' decisions and only one of these factors is valuation models, so biases can be seen in investors’ behavior. Using the data from 155 listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchange. This study attempts to investigate the relations between accruals quality, and conditional volatility. The results showed that accruals quality have an inverse impact on conditional volatility in Tehran Stock Exchange.

Companies need financial resources to grow and managers need to make important decisions about utilizing various financial resources and the appropriate capital structure that maximizes shareholder value. Against this backdrop, the present research aims to examine the relationship between financial leverage replacement use in capital structure and tax avoidance in companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In doing so, we used a sample of 1026 observations. The statistical model used for testing the hypotheses in this research is panel data. The results of testing the first hypothesis reveal a negative, significant relationship between the financial leverage use and tax avoidance which is according to the effect of financial leverage replacement. The result of testing the second hypothesis reveal that the effect of financial leverage cost on the relationship between financial leverage use and tax avoidance is significant. Analysis of the effect of control variables indicates that company size, and growth opportunities have significant positive and profitability, dividend and collateral have significant negative effects on financial leverage use.

Enterprise Risk Management can identify, measure, control and play a supervisory role, or influence the quality of the company's control mechanism in strategic managerial decisions when implementing external financing policies. In this paper, the effect of enterprise risk management on the relationship between external financing and earnings management of 118 companies has been discussed. Risk management indicators in four dimensions are competitive advantage, operational efficiency, quality and reliability of the report, and industry competitiveness. The Jones method was also used to measure earnings management. Research findings suggest that enterprise risk management affects earnings management as well as external financing on earnings management. Eventually, enterprise risk management was affected by the relationship between external financing and earnings management. In other words, enterprise risk management can improve operational performance and increase company value, and companies that are exposed to high risk of uncertainty in the environment will prevent and control the adverse effects of risk and minimize the beneficial effects and reduce the fluctuation of profits.

From the agency theory perspective, there are various control mechanisms to attenuate information asymmetries and information risk and to enable better supervision of managerial activity that mitigates the opportunistic behavior of managers, such as financial reporting quality and disclosure. Several studies have analyzed some of information asymmetries and information risk attenuate effects, such as the reduction of the cost of capital and cost of debt and access to the debt market and the effect on its conditions, i. e., lower cost, higher debt maturity and lower guarantees in bank financing. This study, examines the impact of financial reporting quality and growth opportunities on the capital intensity. The sample of this study, includes 134 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1392-1396 and for processing and testing hypotheses, panel data methodology is used. The results show that financial reporting quality has negative impact on the capital intensity. Also, it shows that growth opportunity decreases negative impact of financial reporting quality on capital intensity. Therefore designed conceptual model is confirmed.

This study reviewed the impact of cash flow asymmetric sensitivity on relationship between financing constraints and conditional conservatism in listed firms of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). In this study, 138 firms of Tehran Stock Exchange were evaluated. To test the hypothesis, themultiple linear regression modelswere used. The findings show that financing constraints have a positive& meaningful impact onconditional conservatism. AlsoCash flow asymmetric sensitivitydoesn't have positive &meaningful impact on conditional conservatism. In addition, Cash flow asymmetric sensitivity does not have a positive & meaningful impact on relationship between financing constraints and conditional conservatism.

Choosing the right index to evaluate performance has always been one of the most challenging topics in the field of capital market studies. Proving the ability of accounting profits or its derivatives to evaluate corporate performance and excellence in competing with other criteria is one of the major concerns of accounting researchers and investors. While profits are a major source of cash flow and wealth generation, the results of many studies have shown that operating cash flows seem to be more important in valuations apparently. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the capability and superiority of operating cash flow (OCF) in performance appraisal on earning per share (EPS). The statistical population of the present study includes all non-financial corporations listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. According to Zmijewski’ s bankruptcy model, the firms of the sample are divided into two groups: safety (healthy) and financial distressed companies and research’ s time period is divided into two parts as normal and crises period. Based on the selected sample and the use of multiple regression tests, the research findings show that before disclosure quality index, the EPS criterion outperforms the OCF criterion. However, in the absence of disclosure quality, naturally due to uncertainty, performance measurement based on operating cash flows becomes more important than the EPS.

The purpose of this study is first to provide a model for corporate sustainability disclosure and then the impact of factors related to the theory of legitimacy on corporate sustainability reporting. In this research, 117 qualified companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange have been studied. To test the hypotheses, purposive sampling method and panel regression models have been applied. The research findings show that out of a total of 169 components studied 80 components are essential for the corporate sustainability model. Also, the sensitivity of the company in the industry has a substantial positive effect on the overall index of sustainability including the disclosure of the economic, environmental and social aspects, but it has no remarkable impact on the disclosure of sustainability from the public aspect. The location of the company has a significant positive effect on the disclosure of corporate sustainability from a social point of view, but the disclosure has no significant impact on the overall corporate sustainability index in terms of public, economic and environmental aspects. Finally, the lifespan of the company has a meaningful positive influence on the overall index and all aspects of corporate sustainability. The result of this study shows the importance of requiring non-financial information disclosure for legislators and standardizers. It also improves the beneficiaries’ awareness of these aspects and encourages companies to disclose corporate sustainability information.

The degree of managerial risk appetite due to managerial motivation can lead to companies' performance in irresponsible social activities to compensate for their lack of reward. This study examines the relationship between the CEO's risk-taking incentives and irresponsible social activities using the annual reports of accepted companies In the Tehran Stock Exchange. The results indicate that the manager's risk-taking incentives have a positive relationship with irresponsible social activities. In addition, we have found in this research that the responsible social activities of the company act as an intermediary agent and enhance the above-mentioned relationship. Our results show that incentives and incentives for risk appetite in managing director remuneration are of great importance to corporate policies against irresponsible social activities.

Widespread adoption of international financial reporting standards in the insurance industry is one of the most important developments in the history of accounting. The main purpose of this study is to identify the general and specific challenges facing the insurance industry in the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standard No. 17 and to provide an appropriate model for the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standard No. 17. The data were collected based on interviews with insurance industry experts at various levels. Therefore, this research is grounded in terms of applied purpose, qualitative in terms of nature and grounded in terms of strategy. The statistical population of the study is experts in the insurance industry who have sufficient experience in the field of financial reporting. The statistical sample is based on purposive sampling method. The results show that categories such as competitive / monopoly market; Central insurance policies; Price elasticity in the insurance industry; Adaptation of current laws to market needs; Pioneering the rules; Supervision of the insurance industry; Sanctions; international relations; Models and defaults and input settings; Investment policy in the insurance industry; Quality, etc., play an important role in the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards No. (17) in the insurance industry.