PAZHUHESHHA-YE ELM VA DIN (SCIENCE AND RELIGION STUDIES)
Year:2020 | Volume:9 | Issue:2|Papers Count:6

One of the most controversial and focal inter-disciplinary challenge in filed of science and religion, and contemporary natural teleology, is Teleological Argument (TA) or "Argument from finality" for the existence of God. In this paper by analyzing one of the specific revisions of the TA, named: "Cosmological Fine-Tuning Argument (CFTA)" (by William Laine Craig), we will criticize main competitor's natural explanations-(a)Multiverse Hypothesis, (b)other kinds of Life, (c) Supper symmetry Breaking theory-and defend this claim that "CFTA is the best explanation for the Fine-Tuning of the Universe". If CFTA is sound and persuasive, "Theistic Finalism" is better explanation than "Atheistic naturalism" for explaining Fine-Tuned state of the world and the way of Atheism, in methodological naturalism (MN), is not a paved way.

Holly Quran and innocents’ narrative especially Imam Ali’ s Nahj al Balaghe discussed about nature and variety appearance of creations; of course the purpose of this discussions was the purposeful specific. The researcher Mohammad Taghi Jafari in his weighty piece, translation and description of Nahj al Balaghe has brought plenty samples scholarly and discussed about coordination affirmation and Allavi instructions and thoughts and specified creation system marvel based on experienced and scientific findings, furthermore it has analyzed not only the lawfulness of the world from Imam’ s point of view but also Islamic catechesis and its effects on the rational life. This research has been expository – analytical, library routine and cited the authentic resources; it studies about some parts of Nahj al Balaghe about creation system marvel and celestial creation; besides this one is a contemporaneous pieces of congruity and cooperation of science and faith.

Today, the relation of science and religion is one of the most controversial issues in Western and Islamic societies. This research is qualitative research component in terms of design and has been used in the framework of descriptive-analytical method. Ian Barbour and Professor Motahari, with two different attitudes, tried to recognize the complementarity of science and religion. On the basis of "sculpture philosophy, " Barbour draws on four approaches to "conflict, distinction, dialogue and complementarity" which, according to Motahhari, includes critique of: the unity of science and religion within the framework of sculptural philosophy, critical realism, the equalization of God and the world, the preeminence of knowledge Empirical study of religious knowledge is presented in this paper by designing three questions: "The relation of science and religion in the viewpoint of martyr Motahhari", "The relationship between science and religion in the context of Barbour" and "The strengths and weaknesses of Ian Barbour based on the theory of Professor Motahari" it placed. Motahari examines the preconceptions of the minds of individuals in the pursuit of the complementarity of the relationship between science and religion and believes that science and religion need each other. Barbour's views in his latest commentary on the relationship between science and religion, relying on the theology, have changed the way in which the distinction between science and religion has become complementary to these two.

Since the publication of Thomas Kuhn’ s influential book, The Structure of the Scientific Revolutions, historical and sociological approaches to science have led to a kind of relativism towards the evaluation of theories as well as the belief in the break in the history of science. The main idea put by Kuhn's historiography is incommensurability. From Kuhn's point of view, the scientific concepts refers to completely different entities in different theories. On the other hand, each paradigm changes the perceptual domain before the conceptual process and formal articulation. Finally, unlike the conventional philosophy of science (Positivism and Falsifiability), he mentions there is no explicit rule for justification of theories. In contrast, Cassirer emphasis on elements in theory as the invariant regulative forms through which scientific thought progress continuously. In this paper, Cassirer's responses to Kuhn have been formulated. At the end, we attempt to show how diverse types of historiography made their difference.

Mythological analysis is a branch of literary criticism that analyzes the structure and meaning of the text and evaluates and evaluates its literary value for the application of mythological beliefs. The application of this method in the field of Quranic studies involves the use of literary laws in understanding the meaning of the Qur’ an and, on the other hand, examines the human heritage of this text. In the interpretative and scientific tradition of Muslims, those who view the Holy Qur’ an from this point of view and find expressions of the Qur’ an based on mythological beliefs and use different methods of literary critique to analyze the meaning of the text. This study is written to identify these efforts and seeks to distinguish them from each other. So, in this article, we are looking for the answer to this question, which are the main and well-known approaches to the mythological analysis of the Qur'an? What is the relationship between these approaches? Is it possible to distinguish between different levels of this text based on these approaches? The findings of the research show that the mythological analysis of the Quran, regardless of all verbal and educational presuppositions, can be traced at least in three layers of the text of the Quran: matter, language and rhetoric. The present paper addresses the various studies of researchers at each of the three levels.

This essay is going to explain the effect of supernatural elements on the meaning of life from viewpoint of Cottingham. In this study, first, we illustrate the threefold approaches to the theories of meaning of life( perpose, value and function), that is: naturalism, non-naturalism and supernaturalism, then explain the viewpoint of Cottingham( supernaturalism) on the meaning of life. Cottingham interpret the " meaning" as "valuable purpose", and believes that God and the eternality are supernatural elements that give meaning to the life. He enjoys two arguments for confirming his foundation: 1) unchangeable moral norms for theistic element and, 2) successfulness for the eternality. Cottingham in argument that presents through theism for giving life the meaning, uses of genetic foundation and natural law rather than merely divine command. He, at last, emphasizes on compound view( God and eternality) as his final view on giving life ( that is, a life with valuable purpose) the meaning. Because of this, it can be said that the special views of Cottingham are: 1) interpretation of the meaning as a valuable purpose, 2) enjoying natural law for giving life the meaning, 3) believing on compound supernaturalism.