Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Year:2001 | Volume:11 | Issue:30|Papers Count:14

Background and purpose: Growth hormone deficiency is the reason of growth disorder in children. Therapeutic response is related to the factors such as, age, drug dosage, numbers of administrations and duration of therapy. Researches have been done to clarify the relationship between therapeutic response with the maximum amount of GH secretion in stimulatory tests.In order to study this relationship, a research was conducted in Boali endocrine clinic on referred patients. in 1997-1990.Materials and Methods: This study was an open clinical trial done on two groups of children with growth hormone deficienes. The patients were divided in two groups of A and B on the basis of maximum amount of growth hormone secretion on stimulatory tests. Group A included 11 patients, with maximum secretion of not more than 5 ng/ml. Group B, included 5 patients with maximum secretion of more than 5 ng/ml. Patients were matched for numerical and skeletal age, dosago and frequency of injection per week. Standard Deviation Score (SDS) for weight, height and the rate of growth were compared. The results were compared by paired T-test in the groups and T-test between the groups.Results: The height growth, weight changes and also the growth rate in the groups were significant statistically. Weight SDS change was significant between two groups, but height and growth rate SDS changes between two groups was nor significant.Conclusion: No significant changes were observed in group A, which could be due to the less number of samples and much height growth SDS changes. Hence, further studies with more number of samples are recommended.

Background and purpose: Muscle spindle is responsible for the control of skeletal muscle fibers function at rest and movement cycle, and is known as servo agent for voluntary movement. Function of this kinetic neceptor is completely dependent on the γ- ring activity would bring activity of la fiber and group II spindle muscle afferent. Also, there is close functional of muscle relationship between α and γ motor fibers which are important in the regulation of redial fiber function. Aim of this research was to study the activity of γ-ring more accurately in one or two consecutive cord segments, and also determine the α-motor fiber activity considering α- γ -linkage. Because more understanding of physiological mechanisms of γ-ring, and knowing the mode (mannar) of their environmental control, may be a way of underslanding the reason of peripheral factors involved in the onset of involuntary and distonic disorders, so, to be able to help more these group of patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, fifteen normal male. Sprague-Dawely rats with mean weight of 500 mg were selected. And urethane as an an aesthesia (30g/100ml) with dosage of 170 mg/100g body weight of rat was injected intraperoninally. For the study of the nerve fibers, laminctomy was done at the humbosacral regeon and surgery was performed at the first half regon of the tail. Results: Activity of γ-moto-neurons at on one cord segment due to external ear mechanical stimulation coused, the activity of γ-ring on one or two sequential cord segments, Ipselaterally, In a way that, increasing deporalization in la (such) fibers and skeletal of group II afferent fiber on coudal regeon was followed by increasing activity of one or more than one γ fiber. Also, la fibers always have more activity on the activity of homonymous moto neurons, comparing with group II afferent fibers, while the activity of group III afferent fibers, due to stimulation of caudal skin. Did not couse the activity of this group γ-moto neurons. Considering the function of potential range of α-γ-linkage in motor α-fibers (in) during deep anaesthesia, was at the basal rhythem. Conclusion: Duo to external ear mechanical stimulation homonymous moto neurons on one or two sequential segments of cord, caused the more activity of la fiber Ipsilaterally, comparing with with the group II afferents in one or more than one skeletal spindle. But group III afferent fibers activated by caudal skin stimulation, did had no stimulation on homonymous moto neurons. Also, considering the α-γ-linkage no activity was observed on motor fibers.

Background and purpose: Trauma always has been a social, economic and medical problems, which not only cause mortality, but also expenses due to long term medical services. Hence, considering the prevalence of musculo-skeletal trauma, and lack of epidemiological knowledge, this study was designed and performed.Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive study done on 1004 referred patients to orthopedic ward of hospital in sari town ship, the selection was done randomly once a week. For each patient a separate questionnaire was filled.Results: Out of 1004 fractured patients comprised of, 705 males and 299 females. 547 cases were injured in the left side, 433 cases in the right side and in 24 cases on the middle portion of the body. In 98 cases open fracture was observed in long bones and the rest was closed. Dislocation of shoulder joint was the most prevalent, dislication of large joints and the factures of radios and ulna were the most prevalent fractures (30.4%). 70.5% of the pelvic fractures were due to driving, 26.5% due to falling, etc. 75.6% of the proximal femur fractures occurred in the age groups of more than 50 years old. And the most proximal femur fractures and enter tro cantric fractures was observed in 56% of the cases. The treated patients were as follow. Close treatment, open surgery, internal fixation and external fixation were, 688, 291, 25 cases respectively.Conclusion: Results of this study recommend for the more and specifies study in the field of treatment and the complication of injuries in order to active better treatment and to reduce injuries.

Background and purpose: breast cancer is the main cause of mortality. Early diagnosis is one of the ways to prevent mortality. Breast self examination (BSE) plays very important role in the early diagnosis of this disease. Considering the prevalence of breast cancer and the significance of BSE as a second preventive measure, a study was performed in order to study the effect of video and individual instruction on the performance of women.Materials and Methods: In this study 120 (60 for case and 60 for control group) women referring to Gaemshahr township health service centers were selected randomly, the samples were matched for age, education and husband proffezion. Questionnaires were prepared to collect the data such as 1) demographic information and 2) performance observation. X2 test, t test and descriptive analytical tests were used to analyze the data statistically.Results: The pre test results indicated that majority (more than 90%) of the case and control, had no information on BSE, and none did it, But the results after the test showed that the awareness of the both groups accelerates (78.3% and 80% respectively). The mean scored mark after performance test in both groups indicated proper performance of BSE (29.5 case and 308 control).Conclusion: Video method of teaching for the performance of breast self examination was effective. Hence application of audio- vedio for the instruction of BSE in the medical health centers and its development is recommended.

Background and purpose: One of the hazards of industrilization of the communities is use of different chemicals, which are dagnous and health threatening. Heavy methals are one of sach chemicals.Materials and Methods: Considering the accumulative property of cadmium and lead in spinach and radish growing in sari suburbs, this research was undertaken. Dry ash method was applied for the preperation of the samples, and measures quantitatively with the help of flame atomic absorption spectroscope. One way variance analysis was used in order to compare the, mean presence of cadmium and lead, in four geographical vegetable growing regions (east, weeks, south, north) of sari.Results: Statistically significant difference was observed between mean content of lead in spinach and radish in the above four geographic regions (P<0.05). But was not significant in case of cadmium.Lead had the highest content, which is more than the level of standarad Dfg ppm. The highest content of cadmium was observed in the vegetable growing in the south regions, which is more than the standard level of cadmium in vegetables (0.25 ppm), and is about the standard level in case of radish.Conclusion: Wales and air are two main cause of direct treasmision of lead to vegetable.

Background and purpose: In a continuation of phytochemical studies of Iranian wild species of the papaveraceae family, the alkaloids of Glaucium grandiflorum boiss & huet were studied. The main object of this research was separation and identification of the aerial parts of this plant. Materials and Methods: Glaucium grandiflorum was collected from Sorkhe hesar, the suburb of Thran, in the north of Iran. The aerial parts of plant (600 g) were extracted with methanol, and the solvent was evaporated. To the residue was added acetic acid solution (50%), and the mixture was filtered. The filtrate was extracted with petroleum ether to remove the colored material. The equeous layer as made alkaline with ammonia (25%) and extracted with CHCI3. The CHCI3 extracts were pooled, dried (anhydrous Na2SO4), and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated to give a crude mixture of alkaoids. The residue was chromatographed over Si gel and elution was achieved via petroleum ether- chloroform and chloroform-methanol mixtures of increasing polarity. The resulting eluates were further purified using preparative TLC. The alkaloids were identified by mp, IR. H-NMR and MS.Results: Glaucium grandiflorum Boiss & Huet population Sorkhe hesar contained five alkaloids, protopine (0.2%), α-allocryptopine (0.29%), corydine (0.15%), isocorydine (0.14%) and N-methyllindcarpine (0.03%).Conclusion: N-methyllindcarpine is reported for the first time in Glaucium grandiflorum. The results showed that the change of region is effective on the kind of alkaloids.

Background and purpose: Since blood and blood products are the most known sources of hepatitis C transmission, and infection with this virus tends to be chronic in patients. Hence, it was decided to study hepatitis C in thalassemia major patients who are in frequent need of blood transfusion.Materials and Methods: Total of 100 thalassemia patients referring to clinic was selected and Anti-HCV was measured by ELISA method. Out of which 18 patients were positive. Biopsy was done in 11 positive cases for further studies, pathologic results showed 9(81%) chronic hepatitic C, 1 (9.9%) cases with cirrhosis, and 1(9.09%) case uncertain due to insufficient sample. Liver enzyme was normal in 6(54.6%) cases, and abnormal in 5(45.4%) cases.Results: There is no relationship between the liver enzymes and severity of liver infection, and possibility of chronic hepatitis c, in non symptomatic patients with normal liver enzyme must also be considered. Liver biopsy (Gold standard) is the evaluation of liver damage in chronic hepatitis C. Conclusion: Liver biopsy is recommended in patients with positive HCV-Ab, even if liver enzymes are normal, in order to determine the degree of liver damage.

Background and purpose: The permanent hemodialysis treatment of end stage renal disease in hemodialysis patients in expensive. We can prevent or change the course of disease, by recognizing the cause of renal failure and its treatment. For recognizing the etiology of end stage renal failure in those hemodialysis patients who were under the permanent treatment of hemodialysis in seven provincial hemosialysis centers of mazandaranprovince in 1998.Materials and Methods: 353 patients (182 Female, 171 Male) with the average age 47 years old were studied the cause of end stage renal failure has extracted from the file or summary of the file of patients in their last hospitalization before they began their hemodialysis. The information about each patients has obtained from interview. Medical examination and fill in questionnaire.Results: The results of this research show that hypertension 24.6%, chronic glomerulonephritis 10.8%, diabetes. 9%, urinary tracts stones 7.6%, and pyelonephritis in 6% of cases were the cause of end stage renal failure. Cystic and congenital diseases of kindney, lupus erythematosus, amyloidosis. Alports syndrome, traumatic and obstructive diseases and medicines, all together in 11% of causes were responsible for renal failure. In 31% of cases the cause of renal failure was I\unknown.Conclusion: In compare with foreign statistics the prevalence of infectious and obstructive diseases are more and the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and glomerulonephritis are less than that. Though the diabetes and hypertension are common in Mazandaran, nevertheless from etiological point of view less cases of them from hemodialysis patients. The result of this research shows that many curable disease reach end stage renal disease in mazandaran. Many of diabeteic and hypertensive patients probably die because of their non renal complications or no one them to hemodialysis centers.

Background and purpose: Nowdays tuberculosis is wide spreed and is the main cause of mortality in the world. Annually, there are 1300000 TB patients, of which 450000 infected children die. This research was designed in order to study clinically and para clinically the T.B. infected children referred to Amir Kola pediatrics hospital in the years 1994-98.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study, evaluated by referring to the files of 18 TB. patients with clinical symptoms and laboratory confirmed diagnostic tests admitted to Amir Kola pediatrics hospital from October 1994 to march 1998.Results: The ratio of male to female patients was 1:95, and 44.5% of the patients were in the group of under 3 years.No relevance was observed between the prevalence of the disease and the season. 39.9% of the patients were rural and 60.1% were urban citizens the main cause of referring was coughing 77.7%. In 77.7% of the patients ESR was more than normal. CRP was positive in 94.5%. chest X-ray confirmed TB in 88%. In this study 72.2% of the patients were infected with. pulmonary tuberculesis and 27.8% with arthritis and osteomyelitis. In all the patients, treatment with four drugs combination was successful.Conclusion: In most of the cases, the result was same as given by other workers. Knowledge of the patients on different clinical pictures of TB mould help in early diagnosis. If a child is living in contaminated areas, and having cough for more than three weeks, persistant fever, weight loss, sweating at night, or any other symptoms, should be tested for tuberculosis.

Background and purpose: The role of oxygen-derived free radicals in destruction of myocardial cells during acute ischemia or reperfusion has been proved. This phenomenon made the workers to study and find the inhibitory therapeutic methods in order to reduce the myocardial cell destruction during acute myocardial infarction. This study evaluates the role of combined antioxidants on acute myocardial infarction sige in patients referring to vali asr hospital of Arak.Materials and Methods: This study was done in randomized sequential trial method, patients were divided in two case and control groups and were matched for the age, sex, receiving of thrombolytic therapy, major risk factors, location and the kind of infarction. Routine treatment was given to both the groups. Case group was given 250 mg of allopurinol daily for one week starting immediately after being admitted in hospital. The evaluation criteria for infarct size reduction in this study were the mean CPK levels during the fist three days of admission and Qwave evaluation on E.K.G. Descriptive statistical analysis was applied for the evaluation of the ratios and t-student test was used for means comparison.Results: 180 patients were divided in two group of equal number and were compared.The mean age in case and control groups was 61±12 and 61±11 years respectively the sex distribution was 64% males, 31% females in case group and 74% males, 26% females in control group. The locality of infarction was in anterior , inferior, lateral regions of right ventricle and extensive infarction were 41% , 41.5%, 5%, 2% and 10% respectively. Kind of infarction in case group was 93% Q-wave and 75 non-Q-wave, and these ratios were 95% and 5% in control group. Main risk factors in the case group were 68-4%, with at least one risk factor, and 31.5% with 2 or more risk factors. This ratio was 72% and 34.2% in the control group.The mean CPK in three days was 1489 in the case group and 1259 in control group and this difference was significant statistically (P<0.01).The mean Q wave surface area in control group was 11.35 mm2 and in control group was 14.75 mm2. This difference was also significant statistically (P<0.01).Conclusion: This study showed that the combined antioxidants therapy would cause reduction of affected area size, though, routine therapeutic application of antioxidants needs more detailed studies.

Background and purpose: Coronary diseases are the main cause of mortality in the world. Though many risk factors are described up to now, but there are unknow causing factors to be found out.This research was designed in order to determine the plasma level HDL relationship with acute myocardial infaction in the patients admitted in CCU of Imam khomeini hospital in Sari, in 1998-1999. Materials and Methods: This study was an analytic method performed on 100 referring patients. The test group comprised of 50 patients, whose AMI was confirmed by who criteria, while admitting in CCU. 5 ml Blood was drawn from all the confirmed cases 8 hours of admission. Blood was centrifuged and plasma was separated by an expert technician.Total cholestrol, trichdyceride and glucose were, easured, HDL-cholestrol was assayed enzymatically with CHOD-PAP. Fifty patients in Control group were the referrals who seemed to be normal and were match for the age, sex, cigarette smoking, diabelies, family background hypertension, plasma cholestrol and tryglyceride. Finally the data were analyzed by descriptive and student T test.Results : In the group there were 37 males and 13 females, the mean for the age, blood pressure, glucose, level, total cholestrol, triglyceride, HDL-cholostrol, in the test and control groups were as follows, 60±4 and 59±6 years old, 101±11 and 100±8 mmHg, 128±12 and 117±18 ml/dl, 206±59 and 202±49 ml/dl, 171±94 and 214±122 ml/dl, 37±10 and 41±7 ml/dl respectively. The latest showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion: Considering the low level of HDL-cholestrol, which is a probable eisk factor independent of the other risk factors known for the ischemic heart diseases. The routine measarement of HDL level is recommended. In case of a low plasma level, an effective therapeutic methods such as taking routine exercise, giving up cigarette smoking, weight loss and implementation of pharmacological agents in severe reduction of the level in blood plasma is recommended.

Background and purpose: Spinal cord injury at caudi equine region, would cause about 10-20% of vertebral column damages, which is followed by paraplegia, and most of the patients of such cases are in the age group of 16 to 30 years.Materials and Methods: In these study histological and morphological changes in Sprague-Daweley rat testies in the first, second and third week of spinal cord transsection was evaluated. In the test group spinal cord was transsected at ta level. And in the control group, skin was cut but laminectomy and spinal cord transsection was not performed. In a proposed time testies were taken out and after determining the weight and volume, fixation by Buins solution wasdone, to be abserved by light microscope. After processing the samples, the histologic changes wereb determined by H&E, PAS, massons trichorom and toloiudine blue staining techniques.Results: The collected data indicales the following changes in the testies of the rats in the rats in the test group-Decline in the number of germ cells in epithelium of spermatogenic dact, decline in the percetage volume of spermotogenic dact, declibe in the volumic percentage of interstitial space, lack of changes in the number of sertoli cells, lack of changes in leydig cells and interestial tissue components, increase in the severity of above changesas time passes.Conclusion: Generally, it can be concluded that spinal cord transsection would cause changes in the normal activity of the testicular tissue and natural role of internal and external factors, and cases disorders in the process of spermatogenesis.

Background and purpose: Charomoblastomycosis is a cutaneous and subcutaneous fungal infection which is caused by pigmented fungi. Although this disease is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, but it has been reported from all over the world. In this paper we report a case of chromoblastomycosis caused by phialophora Verrucosa in Babol. To our knowledge this is the first reported case in mazandaran and the second in Iran. Materials and Methods: A 23 years old female suffered from a chronic ulcer, like a wart, in her right leg following a leach bite, while working in the paddy field. Her right femoral and inguinal lymph nodes were enlarged in five years period. Skin lesions and lymph node biopsy showed chromblastomycosis and culture revealed phialophora Verrucosa. Results: The patient was treated by S-fluorocytosine for 3 months. Lymph nodes regressed and the leg ulcer subsided. Conclusion: Chromoblastomycosis must be considered in differential diagnosis of chronic skin ulcer specially in the agricultural workers in our country.

In recent years with pay attention to quantitative development of researches and increasing reception of scientific mission members for medical articles writing, it is necessary to gather a set of information to form monotonous principals in order to corrected writing of the research. Thus we have performed this article for guidance of scientific mission members and young researchers in order to gathering the research.