Journal of Quantitative Economics
Year:2019 | Volume:16 | Issue:3|Papers Count:6

In the present study, the effects of government financial variables’ shock on private sector consumption expenditures during the seasonal sequence of 1370-1395 is evaluated. To this aim, the framework proposed by Tagkalakis (2008) and Hristov (2013) is used while some adjustments are made due to the dependence of the Iranian economy on oil revenues. The results show that tax revenue shocks on private sector consumption expenditures in business cycles is not significant and current government expenditures during economic boom and recession periods and construction expenditures during recession periods have a positive and significant effect on the growth of private sector expenditures. Moreover, the effects of current expenditure shocks on private consumption growth are higher during boom and recession periods and also the impact of current spending shocks is greater than government construction expenditures on private sector expenditure growth during the recession.

According to different roles that types of revenues or expenditures play in creating inequality, the present study applies the analytic method of Lerman and Yitzhaki (1985) to investigate the role of types of expenditures on creating inequality. For this purpose, the Gini coefficient of elasticity and the effect of changing the share of each of the cost components on the Gini coefficient during 2004 to 2016 are calculated. The results show that Iranian urban households have been faced with decreasing sources of income during these years. For this reason, they have shifted their expenditure away from unnecessary items such as entertainment and culture to more fundamental items such as food. During the period under study, most inequalities were in the expenditure categories of transportation, cultural and recreational services, health care, education, home and hotel, and restaurant appliances. Moreover, the highest share of total inequality was related to the cost of transportation, housing, and food, which has been increasing over the years under study.

In the present study, the effect of financial market development on banking industry risk with three criteria (capital ratio, income diversification, and beta coefficient) is investigated. Due to statistical constraints, a set of 8 active banks in Tehran Stock Exchange is investigated during the period of 2005-2015. For estimation purposes, the generalized least squares panel method (GLS) is used. The results of the study indicate that the development of financial markets in both stock and bank has increased the systematic risk of banks. Moreover, the stock index development has a positive effect on capital ratio and increases the quality of banks' income. Foreign direct investment has increased the capital ratio of the studied banks and the degree of open trade in the studied period has reduced the systemic risk of the banking industry. Among the three benchmarks that show the performance of banks, including return on assets, return on equity, and cost-toincome ratio, only return on equity has increased the quality and variability of banks' income.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the asymmetric effects of monetary policy on business cycles through transmission mechanisms in the Iranian Economy. To this aim, using the nonlinear approach of Multiple Regime Smooth Transition Autoregressive Model and logistic transmission function among transmission mechanisms, interest rate variables of one-year investment deposit, and concessional facility balance with two intervals are selected. To estimate the nonlinear MRSTAR model, the nonlinear Least Square method and Newton-Raphson algorithm are used. The result of this study shows that monetary policy on business cycles is conducted through asymmetric transmission mechanism and the estimation of nonlinear MRSTAR model with regard to threshold values of two variables indicates four-state transfer in business cycles of Iranian economy. Moreover, it shows the generalized momentum response functions of a time-dependent and status-dependent feature.

Bankruptcy typically affects capital market liquidity and economic development. During bankruptcy, banks typically reduce their credit to bankrupt companies, and in return, for lending to companies, they demand higher interest rates to offset the additional risk. The purpose of this study is to investigate the ownership structure, deposit structure, profit structure and bankruptcy risk structure of banks accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 1398-1398. In this research, Simultaneous equation modeling using panel data method is applied to analyze the variables. Research data includes 8 banks present in the Iranian banking system. The results of this research show that there is a significant relationship between deposit structure and risk, there is a significant relationship between deposit structure and profit structure, no meaningful relationship exists between ownership structure and risk, and also there is a negative and significant relationship between profit and risk structure.

The main purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize factors that directly or indirectly hinder the attraction of investment in Fars province. In order to identify these factors, 35 factors were first extracted from those that were more emphasized in the theoretical literature and empirical studies, and then in the form of the Delphi first round questionnaire, twelve experts were selected using purposive judgment. At the end of the first round of Delphi, except for the "infrastructure weaknesses (transportation, power supply, etc. )", all other factors were agreed upon. The eliminated factor of first round of Delphi was transferred to the second round and since there was no agreement on this factor in the second round, it was generally excluded from the investors' questionnaire. Investors' questionnaire with 34 items was then prepared. The questionnaire was given to 300 active investors in Shiraz Industrial City and investors active elsewhere in Fars province. Finally, the responses received from investors were prioritized using Gray Relational Analysis (GRA). The results show that "difficulty in obtaining loans from banks", "volatility in commodity prices", "investment insecurity", "exchange rate instability", and "bureaucracy and unnecessary formalities and the length of time permits and inquiries" are the most important barriers to attracting investment in Fars province, respectively.