STRATEGIC STUDIES OF PUBLIC POLICY (STRATEGIC STUDIES OF GLOBALIZATION JOURNAL)
Year:2019 | Volume:9 | Issue:32|Papers Count:10

The sustainable competitiveness of every city and region has an unbreakable relationship with the identity and identical contexts of that area. Contexts factors, as valuable indigenous elements, can be a significant place in the redefinition of urban competitiveness and entrepreneurship. Contexts as valuable domestic elements and factors can have a high role in redefinition urban competitiveness. Studying in identical contexts, especially in the natural, cultural, social, and economic dimensions, will advance the sustainable competitive advantage, can be create the desirable economy future. The purpose of this research is to definition the role of identical contexts in urban competition and how to create competitive advantage in the context of an analytical and documentary research with an underlying strategy. Contextual competitive advantages can be defined in the natural, geographical, historical, physical, cultural, social, economic, scientific and sports contexts. Contexts are a set of intrinsic and inseparable elements of phenomena, the emergence of their identity. The contexts of cities and regions are a constructive dimension of spatial, temporal, cultural, social, and other existing components. These areas represent the dynamic identity of cities and regions over time and space and are characterized by their differentiation. Identifying and focusing and emphasizing the value of identity of cities and regions in terms of capability and sustainability can help to improve their compatibility. In other words, the Contexts of growth, progress and competitiveness of the power of cities and regions. The most important strategies presented are: Rehabilitation and improvement of the condition of the Lake Urmia and its branding in the natural and tourist and scientific aspects-Branding of architectural, historical, cultural and sporting places in Urmia-Hosted by national and international scientific, cultural, artistic and sport events-Comprehensive tourism infrastructure development Region, especially ways and services of recreation, recreation, texture and buildings and historical buildings of Urmia for tourists-the construction of a brand house for each of the unique goods of Lake Urmia, Urmia Quotes and Halvah, Urmia Urban Places and Urban Spaces-Social and cultural and artistic circles of poetry and poetry and indie music-the development of space High-quality greenery -Elimination of legal barriers and improving the political and human rights of Iran and Urmia at the national and international levels-Organizing and functioning of the city of Urmia and its surroundings-Branding and promoting the competitive ability of the volleyball gym-creating the route of tourism and the homes of the tribes and Religions-The definition of Urmia’ s competitive vision based on the natural, historical and cultural competitive advantages.

This Article tries to assess the efficacy of the policies concerning homelessness in Iran. Along with analyzing laws, through a case study we have investigated documents and statistics of a homeless shelter, and finally the profile of one homeless case to assess the effectiveness of the policies. Findings show that there are serious shortages in policies regarding homelessness. These few laws are not enacted correctly and they are not effective in reality and can’ t help homeless people to get out of homelessness circle. The laws have no principled conception of homelessness and have not conceptualized the steps of combating homelessness clearly. Also, the institutions and organization which must participate do not participate completely. So, the results are poor and the homeless people remain in a vicious circle. Regarding the growing trend of homelessness in Iran, to act effectively it is necessary to study different aspects of homelessness in Iran and to consider the successful experiences of other countries, and on the bases of these considerations and investigations make comprehensive laws and policies in the level of parliament in a way that steps and chains of action against homelessness, tasks of different institutions and sources for action clearly defined and can be monitored.

Many of the challenges of implementing and evaluating public policies in Iran’ s civil services could be prevented by reflecting on their effectiveness at the planning and shaping policy. Today, regarding the multidimensional nature of phenomena and problems of the public service sector and the failures and dissatisfactions produced in this area, the necessity of aligning these policies with the comprehensive rationales being effective on policy formulation becomes more apparent. The experts have adopted various value, political, economic, legal, and professional factors as useful indices in formulating public policies. To develop a scientific approach and fully understand the critical elements, this study aims to outline the essential foundations of success in Iranian public service policymaking. Therefore, after studying the civil service requirements and policy literature and the scroll survey with the Delphi and Panel method, the views of 21 experts familiar with the subject were received, and based on them, the dimensions and components of the subject were identified and approved. The results show that policymakers should consider 28 components classified in the five dimensions of the rationales mentioned in Snellen, Ignace (2002) in planning Iran’ s public services policies and preventing one-dimensional view and failure in this sector.

Institutions and their related organizations strongly influence the speed and direction of economic growth. Consequently, they are regarded as a major factor for growth. Entrepreneurship is also known to be an important driving force for economic growth. With this regard, any action to direct and strengthen productive activities is an important consideration. Hence, it is important to devise effective instruments to influence the entrepreneurial activities in a productive way. Institutions, entrepreneurship and their interrelationship have a considerable influence on economic growth. This work is concerned with the relationship between institutions and entrepreneurship and the way in which they interact. To this end, this study employs established methods and presents a framework to determine the way in which they influence each other. Furthermore, the experience of other countries is used to propose a strategy for Iran in relation to institutions and entrepreneurship. The investigation uses empirical data to determine the coefficients required in the proposed model. The output of the proposed model shows that there is a positive relationship between entrepreneurship and the strength of institutions.

Russian-Turkish relations from the time of the Empires to the last decade can best be interpreted as a sinusoidal relationship swinging from cooperation to conflict. However, since Putin and Erdogan came to power, despite some challenges, the economic ties between the two countries have grown tremendously. Some believe that this economic cooperation could provide the basis for achieving a strategic partnership at the political level. Based on this assumption, the primary question of this paper to evalu-ate the realistic assertion that “ the economy does not extend to politics“ is whether the improvement of the political-security relations between Turkey and Russia is affected by the economic cooperation between the two countries. The findings of the research using the descriptive-analytical method show that, in accordance with realism, economic relations have been an essential factor in closing two countries to each other, but these relations will never pave the way for improving the political ties. The reason has been the domination of strategic and political context over the economy. Despite this privilege, realism is analytically weak because of ignoring some non-political facilitating reasons for improving Turkish-Russian bilateral relations.

Because of economic growth, income levels, and increased efficiency, the industry plays an essential role in the development of the countries. Naturally, the demand for labor increases by industrial growth; thus, investigating the employment potential of the industry has a significant role in policymaking. In this study, we investigated the relationship between employment and value-added of the industrial sector in the Iranian economy during 1986-2017. Using transit-timing variations model and state-space models, we extracted the effectiveness of value-added on employment status during these years. According to the obtained results, the relationship between the real value-added of the industry sector and employment in this sector during the 90s has been negatively correlated with different coefficients over the years, which means the phenomenon of industrial growth without employment in this sector in Iran. For example, in 2017, with a 1% increase in the real value-added of the industrial sector, assuming the other variables remained stable, employment declined by 1. 14%.

Promoting gender equality is one of the critical goals of an efficient economy and human development strategies. Studies show a worldwide gender inequality; so it is essential to understand the factors affecting gender inequality, including Information and Communications Technology (ICT). Accordingly, the primary purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the ICT Development Index (IDI) and its components, including access, use, and skill on the Gender Inequality Index (GII) in a selected 62 developing and developed countries over the 2007-2015 period. The findings of this study in a dynamic combination data and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) indicate the negative impact of IDI and all three components on the GII in the countries under study. Also, the effect of the access component on reducing the GII is more than other components of IDI.

In urban sociology, one of the recent responses to “ the quality of future cities” is the idea of “ creative cities” . The concept of the creative city has generally been used as a form of strategic planning. This idea, as stated in Landry and Florida’ s views, is inevitably tied to widespread changes in the economic and social order. The “ Creative City” is one of the theoretical efforts that describe and recommend the future of the world’ s metropolises with an emphasis on creative class and creative economy. In this study, using the scenario planning based on critical uncertainties, we tested the question of what the future scenarios of Tehran are for creative development. In response, the two key uncertainties extracted, using the two-step Delphi Method, are “ increase or decrease in the importance of citizen participation, social and cultural capital” , and “ the development of new businesses or the existing industries” . The scenarios resulting from the intersection of these two uncertainties are “ creative Tehran” , “ industrial Tehran” , “ unstable creativity” , and “ turbulent Tehran” . To shape a creative city, the best scenario is the first one, “ creative Tehran” , and the worst scenario is the last one, “ turbulent Tehran” . In the latter scenario, the importance of citizens’ participation and the social and cultural capital not only is lost, but the environmental pollution and the social damage in Tehran will also be worsened by the development of existing industries.