Journal of Socio-Cultural Studies of Khorasan
Year:2021 | Volume:15 | Issue:2|Papers Count:6

Throughout its long history from the Achaemenids to the Pahlavi, in addition to the diversity in spatial geometry and clever design, the Persian garden has been a bed to meet the needs of gardeners and builders and has had a variety of functions. Therefore, in addition to providing recreational space, the garden is a response to self-sufficiency, economic, agricultural and spatial considerations adapted to the climate of different regions, so that in addition to the main function, secondary functions and multifaceted landscape functions have been considered by garden builders and owners. Birjand due to its strategic location on the eastern borders of Iran and the importance of local rulers in the Qajar and Pahlavi periods; It has been the bedrock of the formation and evolution of important gardens. The purpose of this study is to find how to integrate different functions in the design system of Birjand historic gardens and a comparative study of multifunctional landscape in the studied gardens. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data collection is library and interview method along with field studies in three historical gardens of Birjand (Rahimaabad, Amirabad and Behlgard). The results show that traditional gardeners in designing Birjand gardens have thought about how to integrate different functions in the design system, with the aim of designing and constructing a multi-purpose space. The multifunctional landscape in the studied gardens follows the pattern of the weighted multifunctional landscape, so in the weighted multifunctional landscape, the ground; It is able to provide more than one function while meeting several different but homogeneous needs. The multi-functional landscape design of historical gardens has resulted in a combination of ornamental and fruitful agricultural gardens. In addition, the main functions of Rahimabad, Behlgard and Amirabad gardens are: reception, production and fluid, respectively. It should also be noted that among the three main models of multifunctional landscape (mosaic, weighted and fundamental) the studied gardens have a multifunctional landscape model of weighted (combination of several homogeneous functions in a single space).

Metal lattice is one of the methods of metalworking in the Safavid era and one of its outstanding works is a unique steel pen box that is kept in the Astan Quds Razavi Museum in Mashhad under the title of "key box". Due to the initial visual studies and the apparent similarity of this exquisite work with other pen boxes of the Islamic period, this research has been done to analyze and adapt the visual and structural features of this work. Therefore, in addition to visual analysis, the purpose of this study is a comparative study of the design and motifs with some significant examples of Iranian Islamic pen boxes. In this regard, the present study will answer the question: what are the similarity and differences between the designs of the preserved pen box in the Astan Quds Razavi Museum and other cases from the Islamic period to the Safavid era? In this fundamental research which has been done by comparative method; This work has been studied and adapted in terms of form and motifs with 12 Iranian Islamic metal pen boxes until the end of Safavid era. The results indicate that the motifs used in these works can be classified into 5 groups: plant motifs (Arabesque and Khataei), animal motifs, written motifs, human motifs and geometric motifs. Also, the results show that in metallic pen boxes, written and arabesque motifs are used more than other ones. The studied case, like other pen boxes, has arabesque and written decorations. The distinguishing feature of this work instead of other cases is the use of Khataei motifs and also the use of Nastaliq calligraphy in this work, which is not seen in other pen boxes.

Flaming the expression is one of the components that has been considered in the school of surrealism and especially by André Breton. Flaming the expression means using of metaphors and glowing images to express fiery and flamboyant expressions. This lominous that is called “ light of Image” inspired by connection of two different parts of the image. There is flaming the expression in the words of some of the Persian poets that is similar to the flaming of the expression of surrealists. In this research, by the descriptive-analytical method, flaming the expression has been considered in Sana'i and Maulana’ s poems (two great poets of Khorasan) and after extraction of samples, we have compared these components in Sana'i and Maulana’ s poems. The results of the research show that flaming the expression is exist in Sana'i and Rumi’ s poems and both poets use the elements such as the sun, moon, fire, candle, flame, lights for expressing flaming the expression. Verbal and contental similarities in the poets of two poets reflect Rumi’ s unmistakable impact from Sanai in singing these lyrics. Despite these similarities, there are differences in the flamboyance of the expression of these two poets; the higher frequency of the flamboyance of the expression and brilliance of most of the images in Rumi's poems, among these differences that shows Rumi while inspiration from poets like the Sanai have brought their words to the forefront and had the brilliant innovations. There are also differences in flaming the expression of Rumi and Sanai with surrealistic ones, including we can refer to the reader's credibility in confronting with the flamboyance meanings of Sanai and Rumi and more flamboyance and more brilliant words of these two poets in comparison with surrealists.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of demographic variables on cultural capital. The method of this research is survey and data collection tool is Bourdieu standard questionnaire. The statistical population of the present study includes all citizens aged 18 and over living in Bojnourd, Esfarayen and Shirvan; In this study, Morgan table was used to determine the sample size, which according to the calculations performed according to Morgan table, the sample size is 412. The sampling method in the above research is purposeful and integrated sampling method which includes stratified sampling method in terms of demographic criteria, simple random and multi-stage clusters. The Bourdieu standard questionnaire was used to measure the variable of cultural capital. In this research, face and content validity has been used to determine the validity of the research. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of items related to the dimensions of cultural capital is 0. 93, which indicates the high internal correlation of items in this questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. According to the obtained average (3. 41), it can be concluded that the dimensions of cultural capital among the citizens of the three cities of Bojnourd, Esfarayen and Shirvan are at a high level. The results of Pearson test to measure the relationship between age group and cultural capital and its dimensions showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between age and the two dimensions of embodied and objectified cultural capital. It can be said that there is a significant relationship between the variable of socio-economic status and cultural capital, and the two dimensions of objectified and institutionalized cultural capital of the inhabitants of the suburbs of Bojnourd, Esfarayen and Shirvan; In other words, the amount of objectified and institutionalized cultural capital among the subjects is affected by their socio-economic status. Based on the available findings, it can be said that there is no statistically significant relationship between gender and ethnicity with cultural capital.

Goal: The present study intends to identify and explain the socio-cultural consequences of marketing home-based entrepreneurial businesses in the handicrafts sector of North Khorasan province through innovative research and convergence between the two fields of marketing and entrepreneurship. Methodology: The research method was qualitative (grounded theory method) and data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and research backgrounds. The statistical population includes faculty members of the country's universities with specialization in marketing and entrepreneurship, members of the Employment and Entrepreneurship Working Group of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare and selected entrepreneurs in the home business sector in the field of handicrafts sector of North Khorasan province. Theoretical saturation was finally selected as the sample after 21 interviews. It should be noted that data analysis was performed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Findings: Based on the results of the study, the socioal-cultural consequences of home entrepreneurial business marketing include five components under the headings of improving quality of life, sustainable employment, improving infrastructure, entrepreneurial institutionalization, increasing the tendency to home-based businesses. Discussion and Conclusion: Convergence between the two areas of marketing and entrepreneurship creates a competitive advantage and wealth creation and will bring many social and cultural benefits for entrepreneurs of North Khorasan province and society.

Nowadays, environmental management by emphasizing on environmental protection has become one of the most important issues for customers, stakeholders, governments, and competitors and the global pressures have obliged the organizations to produce and deliver environmentally-friendly of products and services. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of “ Green Organizational Culture” on “ Human Resource Productivity” by the mediating role of “ Green Performance” in Imam Reza Hospital. This paper was conducted by survey method based on structural equation modeling by Smart PLS software. The statistical sample of this study was constituted Imam Reza Hospital of 282 nurses who were selected by random sampling method. The required data were collected by questionnaire. To investigate the reliability and validity has used both CR and AVE indicators in PLS. The findings have estimated in the conjunction with Green Organizational Culture (CR= 0. 841, AVE= 0. 518); Green Performance (CR= 0. 925, AVE= 0. 756); and Human Resource Productivity (CR= 0. 856, AVE= 0. 503), that indicates confirming the reliability and validity of model variables. The results showing the relationship support among model variables. The significantly coefficient was estimated in the relation between (Green Organizational Culture* Human Resource Productivity= 2. 984); (Green Organizational Culture*Green Performance = 7. 590); (Green Performance* Human Resource Productivity= 4. 057). As well as, significantly coefficient was estimated by Sobel Test in concern with the mediating role Green Performance in the relation between Green Organizational Culture and Human Resource Productivity 59. 6.