The Scientific Journal of Iranian Blood Transfusion
Year:2019 | Volume:16 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Background and Objectives: Platelet Gel (PG) is rich in growth factors with healing properties and is used in most surgeries to treat various types of tissue defects. In this study, the effect of autologous platelet gel (APG) was evaluated on healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis wounds. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was done on 15 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis; the follow-up assessment lenghthened for two months. The patients had more than one cutaneous ulcer with one of the wounds evaluated as the control and the other as the intervention group. The control group was treated with glucan time routine treatment and the intervention group received a platelet gel in addition to routine treatment. PG was used once a week and up to 7 times in the wound site. Granulation tissue formation and epithelialization were the tokens of wound recovery and positive response to treatment. Results: The use of APG in the intervention group was associated with a complete and faster wound healing in 66% of the cases and 34% of the wounds had a relative improvement. During the two months of assessment, none of the wounds of the control group was associated with complete recovery. In the intervention group, the mean area of the wound was 160. 6 ± 148. 9 mm2 in the first week and changed to 86. 9 ± 121. 6 mm2 in the eighth week with descending change being statistically significant (p < 0. 001). Conclusions: Platelet gel can be effective in wound healing and scar removal in the wounds caused by cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Background and Objectives The chronic nature of thalassemia affects different aspects of patients' life and increases depression. The goal of the study was to determine depression and the affecting factors in patients with thalassemia major reffered to Saravan thalassemia center. Materials and Methods The population of this descriptive analytic study consisted of 60 thalassemic patients with the age range between 10 to 17 referred to Saravan thalassemia center; they were selected using the cenus sampling method. To collect data, the demographic and CDI questionnaires were used. Then, the data was analyzed by SPSS 23 with t-independent, one way anova test. Results Out of the total number of participants, 60% were female and 40% male. The mean age and and the depression score were 13. 55 ± 1. 89, 33. 75 ± 5. 43, respectively. The data analysis showed that all patients suffered from the varying range of depression. T independent test and one way anova test did not show a significant correlation with demographic information. Conclusions Thalassemia patients suffer from varying degrees of depression. Therefore, programs and strategies are recommended for adaptation with the negative impacts of depression and its reduction.

Background and Objectives: There are many antibodies and antigens that cause blood group related transfusion reactions. In this study we aim to find the prevalence of blood group antibodies in patients at different ages and with different gender. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, we screened 30659 patients (59% female and 41% male, age range 1-85) referring to different wards of Imam Khomeini complex hospital during 2017-2018 for presence of any antibodies against blood group antigens. Then, for those patients with screened positive antibody we identified the antibody in each patient. Finally we categorized the antibody positive patients based on their main ABO and Rh blood group of all wards such as cancer, hematology, general and also separately for postpartum ward. Results: Out of 30659 patients in all wards, 123 and out of 4364 just in postpartum ward, 20 patients had positive antibody. The most prevalent alloantibodies were detected to be anti-E(31. 7%), anti-K(30. 8%), and anti-D(14. 6%) in order. Conclusions: Anti-E and anti-K are the most likely antibodies presenting in patients with positive antibody screening results awareness of which can be helpful in storing blood components with rare blood groups. Moreover, the evaluation of common alloantibodies in the postpartum ward shows that the administration of RhoGAM might not be adequate in HDFN prevention and other antibodies should be considered in this regard.

Background and Objectives: Immune platelet refractoriness is a complication of blood transfusion in patients with multiple platelet transfusions. Antibodies against surface antigens, including human platelet antigens (HPAs) and human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), can be produced which can cause the degradation of transfused platelets by macrophages. In this study, the frequency of platelet antigens and antibodies against both HPAs and HLAs is evaluated in patients with platelet refractoriness Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the simultaneous analyses of antigens of HPA-1/-2/-3/-4/-5/-15 by molecular method (PCR-SSP), screening of platelet antibodies by flow cytometry, and anti-HLA-I antibodies by panel reactive antibody (PRA) assay were evaluated in 49 patients with platelet refractoriness. Results: Out of 49 patients (including 18 females and 31 males) with platelet refractoriness, the platelet count in women was 6400 ± 3202 (range of 1000-10000 cells/μ l) and in men 7283 ± 2518 cell/μ l (range of 3000-10000) showing no significance (p = 0. 055). No case of HPA-4b, HPA-5b was found in this study. Anti-HLA antibodies and anti-HPA antibodies were detected in 61. 2% and 4% of the patients, respectively. Conclusions: The data from our study showed that the frequencies of the allele a for HPA-1 /-3 /-4 /-5 and the allele b for HPA-2 /-15 were higher in the studied population. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes between the studied group and Iranian blood donors were different and can explain the occurrence of platelet resistance among the patients.

Background and Objectives: Platelet gel prepared from platelet-rich plasma, containing growth factors, accelerates reconstruction of skin layers, stimulation of angiogenesis and increase of collagen synthesis in wounds healing process. In this study, the effect of human platelet gel on was investigated VEGF expression in experimental skin wounds in rat. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, platelet gel was prepared by adding thrombin to platelet-rich plasma. 1. 5×1. 5 cm wound was created on back of the body in 24 male Wistar rats. Then, the rats were divided into two control and treated groups with the application of platelet gel on the wound. Then, each group was divided into 4 subgroups with three rats for sampling on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 14th days. Skin wound samples were studied by using H & E staining and Mason Trichrome methods for histopathological examination. Furthermore, fluorescent immunohistochemistry method was used to measure the expression level of VEGF. Results: The rate of epithelial tissue formation in the fifth day was 2 ± 0. 3 and 1 ± 0. 1 in the treated and control groups, respectively. The results of this study revealed that angiogenesis, epithelial tissue formation and collagen formation and inflammatory cells infiltration, in the treated group were higher than the control group, especially at the early stages of wound healing. Moreover, IHC findings showed that VEGF expression level is higher in the treated group than the control. Conclusions: The topical application of platelet gel on skin lesions has a positive effect on the healing process, especially in the early stages.

Background and Objectives: Dysfunction of endothelial cells is associated with the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Adult endothelial progenitor cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells capable of forming new blood vessels through a process of angiogenesis. This study was to investigate the effect of resistance training on HIF-1α gene expression and recall of Endothelial Progenitor Cells following an exercise session in the elderly. Materials and Methods; In this quasi-experimental study, 24 elderly men were selected from among 100 elderly people and were randomly divided into two control and training groups. Blood samples were taken once before and after the protocol of one session of resistance training and once more before and after 8 weeks of resistance exercise. The flowcytometric and the RT-PCR methods were used for the enumaration and gene expression levels, respectively. The analysis of variance with repeated measurements of design was used. Results: The values of HIF-1α expression in the training group were significant at the initial post-test (p = 0. 048), secondary pre-test (p = 0. 038) and post-test (p = 0. 034). Also, the number of VEGFR2+ in the training group in the pre-test (p = 0. 024) and secondary post-test (p = 0. 002) and CD34+ in the pre-test (p = 0. 019) and secondary post-test (p = 0. 006) showed an increase. Conclusions: Eight weeks of resistance training in the elderly can increase both the call of EPCs and expression of HIF-1α gene in the blood tissue leading to repair and maintenance of the layer of Endothelial cells and angiogenesis.

Background and Objectives: Heparin is still a commonly used anticoagulant in prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic events. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a life-threating adverse drug reaction of heparin. The diagnosis of HIT is made based on two important criteria, firstly clinical evaluation and secondly laboratory testing. In this comprehensive review, the authors will emphasize the risk factors, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnostic principals and treatment of HIT. Materials and Methods: Our study method was based on the search in the PubMed Database by related key words like: "heparin", "heparin induced thrombocytopenia", "pathophysiology", "diagnosis" and “ treatment” published during 1997 to 2018. Results: The disease is still a life-threatening event caused by the creation of an antibody against the heparin-PF4 complex and, if platelets are activated, can lead to thrombotic events in patients. Laboratory diagnostic methods are important in excluding or confirming the diagnosis of HIT, especially in patients who are moderate or highly clinical probability of HIT suspected. Conclusions: Today, with a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease as well as the advances made in the speed and precision of laboratory diagnostic methods, an important development has occurred in the diagnosis of HIT.

Background and Objectives: Mitochondrial biogenesis is a complex process involving the coordinated expression of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, the import of the products of the latter into the organelle and turnover of this process. Mitochondrial malfunction or defects in any of the many pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis can lead to degenerative diseases and possibly play an important part in aging. Materials and Methods: Because of the mitochondrial relationship with some factors such as matrix proteins, cell cycle and evolution, in this review article we examined the mitochondrial relationship with these factors and mechanisms. The data were extracted from NCBI and SID databases. Results: Changes and mutations in mitochondria are common in most of the molecular processes and important diseases including cancer, but these mutations do not result in mitochondria deactivation. Investigating these pathways helps us to identify and treat diseases such as cancer. Conclusions: The mitochondria is the most important source of cellular energy supply, and mitochondrial damage can interfere with cellular activity and reduce the amount of energy produced and increase the production of free radicals. Mitochondria biogenesis is one of the protective methods of the cell against oxidative stress, which has a cell protective role.