Rural Development Strategies
Year:2020 | Volume:7 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

This paper aims to survey the relationship of tourism with social well-being of villagers in the Ardabil County. This study is descriptive-analytical in terms of research methods, practical in terms of nature and it is a library and field kind of research in terms of type of data collection. The tool used in measuring the questionnaire was made by the researcher. It can be said that the population studied in this study consists of all villagers living in the Sardabhe Dehestan of the Ardabil County in 2018 (N= 20579), among which 378 persons were selected as statistical sample using Cochran’ s formula. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’ s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha (0. 84-0. 93). For data analysis, SPSS software was used. The results of research showed that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between social actualization, social acceptance, social contribution, and social cohesion and development of rural tourism. Finally, based on the analysis of results, some applied recommendations have been provided That are suitable for increasing rural tourism due to its positive effects on promoting social welfare in rural areas. We must also take essential steps toward development of tourism infrastructures such as supply of water, electricity, trash disposal etc., correctly.

The cost of forecasting the economic effects of modern biotechnology products is very high, and economic research studies on the effects of cultivating these products in rural areas can play an important role in designing efficient monitoring mechanisms and agricultural innovation systems. In this regard, the present study was based on qualitative paradigm and using qualitative content analysis to analyze the views of researchers of agricultural research centers on opportunities and threats to the economic dimensions of cultivation of modern biotechnology products in rural areas in 2019. In order to collect data, a semi-structured interview method with 23 researchers was used by the snowball sampling method. The findings of this study showed that in terms of opportunities, "the inevitability of moving towards an agricultural system based on genetic engineering for selfsufficiency and export" and about of threats it showed that, "the imposition of agricultural system based on genetic engineering and political and marketing issues" influenced the cultivation of modern biotechnology products in rural areas. In line with the results, it is proposed to form a specialized committee that works in three areas: “ completion of modern biotechnology research studies in the field of ability to produce seeds and other inputs of modern biotechnology products in the country” , “ safety assessment of environment and health effects of modern biotechnology products” and “ creating a relative agreement between proponents and opponents. ” In order to provide the necessary prerequisites, cultivation of these crops in rural areas can be on the agenda.

One of the main problems of developing countries is that they rely heavily on income to export one or a limited number of goods. In order to reduce dependence of Iran's economy on crude oil exports, the orientation of export policies should be shifted towards export of non-oil goods and commodities. This will not happen unless the existing opportunities in export of various sectors are identified and these opportunities are operationalized through increased investment in this field. One of the key components affecting development of exports and non-oil trade, especially in the agricultural sector and consequently rural development, is paying attention to direct foreign investment and its short-term and long-term impact on trade prosperity and growth of rural development components. This study aims to investigate the role of foreign investment in the Khorasan Razavi province on the development of its foreign trade and also the impact of these two parameters on rural development of the Khorasan Razavi province. Necessary statistics and data were obtained through the customs website of Iran and the Khorasan Razavi province, the Central Bank and the Statistics Center of Iran and other library resources for the period of 2013 to 2019 for 40 selected agricultural exporting companies selected by the exporters' union, as well as component analysis. The results of estimating the pattern for panel data showed that foreign direct investment in the study period had a positive and significant role on trade in the Khorasan Razavi province and subsequently had a positive and significant effect on rural development indicators.

Village superintendents should pay more attention to the role of information technology in order to achieve their proper performance, especially in terms of job performance and human development in village councilors and rural councils. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of information technology on human development and job performance for villager superintendents and rural Islamic councils of the villages of Natanz County. The present study will use descriptive, analytical research methods. This research is also applied-developmental in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consists of 150 people in the villages of Natanz in the central part of the county of Natanz, consisting of village superintendents and members of Islamic councils. The research instrument consists of a researcher-made questionnaire (Information Technology, Human Development and Job Performance Questionnaire) with 38 questions. The validity of the questionnaire was formal and structural, and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of 0. 81. Data analysis was performed based on structural equation analysis in the Smart PLS software. The results indicate that, in general, information technology has had an impact on human development, and job performance among village councilors and rural councils in the city of Natanz. The value of T is 5. 33, and IT influenced job performance with path coefficient of 0. 44 and T value of 7. 17.

Mazandaran province is one of the important poles of Tobacco production in the country. Evaluation of Tobacco cultivation status as a specialized commodity production system in the province over a 28-year period based on available evidence indicates a decline in cultivation of this crop. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze factors affecting farmers' tendency to continue tobacco cultivation in the Mazandaran province. Data collection tool was a questionnaire, its validity was confirmed by the opinion of a group of experts and its reliability was based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different sections of the questionnaire, including environmental, extensional, technical, and social and support factors above 0. 75. The statistical population of this study is composed of tobacco farmers in the Mazandaran province. 147 samples were selected using Cochran sampling method based on stratified sampling. According to descriptive analysis, 47. 5% of the farmers were positive about tobacco cultivation and the comparison of the mean tendency to continue cultivation in relation to age, literacy level, background tobacco farmers and income in the two communities (advocates and disagreeing continue to cultivate tobacco) did not show a significant difference. Also, according to the results of logistic regression analysis of drought and dry growing conditions, competing products such as rice and wheat, labor family and transparency of purchase rates, respectively, with impact coefficients of 0. 663, 1. 079, 0. 589 and 0. 628 has predicted a total of 33% of farmers' willingness and unwillingness to continue growing tobacco. Accordingly, in order to increase farmer’ s tendency to continue cultivating, it is recommended to adopt appropriate pricing policies and provide support services such as providing loans and credits, tobacco insurance and their familiarity with appropriate agricultural methods and land preparation according to local conditions of the region.

The growth and development of silkworm is greatly influenced by environmental conditions. Temperature, humidity, air circulation, gases, light, and so forth, show a significant interaction in their effect on the physiology of silkworm depending upon the combination of factors and developmental stages affecting growth, development, productivity, and quality of silk. In this research we studied effects of conditional environment, sex and breed on performance chines and Japanese and hybrid in seven regions on Torbat Heydarieh. Our results show that the best performance of cocoon and cocoon shell was in district of Hooze sorkh with cocoon weight 1. 51± 0. 32 and cocoon shell weight 0. 42± 0. 08 gr. Hybrid also significantly with cocoon weight 1. 77 ± 0. 22 and cocoon shell weight of 0. 85 ± 0. 04 gr more performance than any other breed has shown. Females perform was better than male insect in terms of Cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight, 1. 60 ± 0. 31 and 0. 98 ± 0. 9 g respectively. The results obtained showed the village of Hooze sorkh capable of better conditions for cocoon-laying and the female is larger than other breeds hybrid. Also female hybrid insect had a higher performance than pure breeds. Hybrid parent produce more egg than other parent, but young silkworm obtained in this case are highly susceptible to disease and mortality is maximized. While the Japanese silkworm used as the male parent is more egg and was favorable.

The resident life sustainability is very threatened despite the sole proprietorship and high potential of the natural resources of Seyyed Ali Watershed in the Razavi district of Mashhad County, Khorasan_Razavi Province, Iran, and also due to the deprivation and severe poverty. The research applied at 2019 and aimed to investigate different aspects of sustainable rurality as well as to analyze the natural benefits to achieve relative independence in the livelihood. The statistical population was all individuals above 18, living in the watershed. The required data and information were collected through three methods, including field survey, in-depth interviews with residents as well as completing forms and researcher-made questionnaires. The results indicate that the residents of the basin are a family community. The village lacks almost all infrastructure facilities. Based on the results, the variables of natural attraction, fate, social cohesion, and social participation were the main factors affecting sustainable rurality. Poor health, low income, poor nutrition, low literacy, and the young population were the causes of underdevelopment. Surveys showed that the watershed has a high potential for investment. Besides, the potential for alternative livelihoods is high that can contribute to the livelihood and socio-biological life of the region. However, watershed residents must interact with institutions, particularly entrepreneurship and rural development.

Recently, the development of canola (Brassica napus L. ) cultivation has attracted the attention of agricultural managers due to its favorable characteristics and the need for oil self-sufficiency. The present study was conducted to evaluate and analyze canola cultivation and yield in Torbat Heydariyeh Kadkan district. For this purpose, data on harvest levels, number of users and canola yields were examined during four years. Harvest levels in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 20. 3, 28. 3, 26 and 22. 15 hectares, respectively. Also, the weighted average yield of canola farms in Kadkan district during the mentioned years was 2. 5, 3. 4, 3. 8 and 4 tons per hectare, respectively. The correlation of harvest data and yield of 28 rapeseed farms in the Torbat Heydariyeh Kadkan villages was adjusted with two linear and 3-parametric sigmoid models. The 3-parameter sigmoid model had a higher accuracy than the linear model due to the higher correlation coefficient (R= 0. 65**) and the mean square error (RMSE = 0. 85) Based on the sigmoid model, yield increased with increasing rapeseed cultivation levels and then stabilized. There was a significant relationship between the level and yield of canola in the four-year period (R = 0. 6**), so that as the level of cultivation increased, the yield also increased. The production of 15 canola codecs in Kadkan during 33 years was 335 tons. In 2016, 2017 and 2018, canola yield increased, which was due to the increase in knowledge and skills of canola farmers, the use of new irrigation methods (such as irrigation), the use of fine-grained equipment and proper plant nutrition. To develop canola cultivation among farmers in Kadkan, programs such as increasing the guaranteed purchase price, timely supply of seeds, increasing incentive policies, developing efficient canola machines such as grain harvesters, equipping combine harvesters with canola harvesting heads, development of type irrigation and other new methods of irrigation, development of canola cultivation, development of joint ship projects, creation of shopping centers and collection of rapeseed from farmers, research to identify cold-tolerant cultivars to reduce cold sensitivity and development of the program Promotional training in order to adopt appropriate methods of planting, holding and harvesting canola due to the sensitivity of canola in all developmental stages, especially when planting, watering and harvesting time of time is recommended. It is also advisable for agricultural managers and promoters of production areas to reduce costs and achieve greater economic efficiency and performance, encouraging major farmers to develop rapeseed cultivation.