DANESHVAR RAFTAR
Year:2007 | Volume:14 | Issue:25 (SPECIAL EDITION ON PSYCHOLOGY 9)|Papers Count:8

The aim of present research was to determine the relationship between meta-cognitive beliefs and chizophrenic positive and negative symptoms of patients with hallucination and delusion. The Sample consisted of 127 patients with schizophrenia under therapy who were referred to Psychaitric Department of Emmam-Hossin hospital as outpatients or inpatients in the first quarter of the year 2005. Participants’ minimum education was high school level and their age ranged from is to 30 years. Among the subjects 28 had delusion, 33 had hallucination, 36 subjects had delusion- hallucination and 30 subjects with no delusion- or hallucination or both. Together the data of Clinical Interwiev based on DSM-IV-R criteria for diagnosis, short form of meta-cognition Inventory and Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale for Schzophrenia were use.The results showed that meta-cognitive beliefs is related to positive and negative symptoms. The Stepwise regression coefficient showed that negative beliefs about uncontrollability of thoughts and danger in the patients with delusion, positive beliefs about worry in the patients with hallucination, cognitive self-consciousness, beliefs about need to control thoughts and positive beliefs about worry in the patients with delusion-hallucination, respectively, and positive beliefs about worry in the patients without delusion-hallucination were the best predictors for positive symptoms. While beliefs about need to control thoughts in bath the patients with delusion and hallucination, and positive beliefs about worry and cognitive confidence, respectively, in the patients with delusion-hallucination were the best predictors for negative symptoms. The results are in keeping with findings from other studies. To regard of role meta-cognitive beliefs on hallucinations and delusions in chizophrenia, and emphesis on meta-cognitive beliefs modification in psychological treatments of patients with schizophrenia to be from important applications the research.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between attachment styles and perfectionism. One hundred and seventy students (97 girls, 73 boys) were participated in this study. Participants were asked to complete the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI) and the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PANPS). Analysis of the data involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviations, t-test, correlation coefficient, and analysis of regression. The results revealed that attachment styles were associated with perfectionism. Secure attachment style was positively associated with positive perfectionism and negatively related to negative perfectionism. Insecure attachment styles (avoidant, ambivalence) were negatively associated with positive perfectionism and positively related to negative perfectionism. Analysis of the data revealed that positive perfectionism was predicted by secure attachment style, while negative perfectionism was predicted by insecure attachment styles. The quality of perfectionism is influenced by attachment styles through “internal working models” and mechanisms such as “affect regulation”, “repression”, “denial”, and “idealization”.

The purpose of this study is to see the women’s behavior to husband’s violence and its relationship with age, education and the number of women’s children. The random sample included 125 women who referred to Esfahan welfare centers. The data were collected through structured interview by social workers. The data analysis was done by chi-square test. The results showed that 50.4% of women did not react to husband’s violence and 51.2% did not look for help at the time of violence. Also there was a significant relationship between women’s behavior and their age.

This research aimed to explore the reliability and validity of the TOSCA-3. To this aim, 404 students were randomly selected among Shahed University Students. All participants took the test. The reliability of this scale was determined by internal consistency (Cronbach Alfa) and the mean inter- item. Correlation of TOSCA-3 was determined for a randomly sellected sample composed of 70 students. Also, test- retest stability of TOSCA-3 (within a week period) was studied. In order to study the construct validity of TOSCA-3, Pearsonian product-moment correlation between the scores of TOSCA-3 and the GHQ-28 subscales was determined for a randomly selected sample compased of 56 students for the same university. Results showed appropriate construct validity and reliability for the three subscales of “Shame”, “guilt” and “externalization”, as well as appropriate relaiability for “in difference”. “Alfa Pride”, and “Beta Pride”. Further studies using different methods and tools for determining validity and reliability of these subscales are suggested.

The aim of this research was to explore of the factor structure and psychometric properties of “Self-Esteem Rating Scale” (SERS). To this aim, after performing elementary tasks, and removing potential problems, the exploration of this scale was done through three studies: in the first study, in order to investigate the factor structure of this scale using varimax (orthogonal) analysis, 322 students of Shahed University who were selected by randomized sampling, completed this scale. Results of this factor analysis indicated 6 appropriate factors. In secondary study, reliability was determined using internal consistency test, test- retest stability of the SERS factors (during 15 days) and the mean inter-item correlation. The result of this stage indicated appropriate reliability of SERS among this sample. In the third study, in order to investigate the construct validity of SERS, scores of SERS and four other instruments: were compared, and the Pearson correlation coefficient for SERS scores and the scores of each of the four above mentioned scales were determined. The results indicated appropriate construct validity of these factors. Finally, regarding literature about factor structure of this scale and psychometric indices of its factors, the authors of this paper suggest the short form of the SERS scale.

This study examined the simple and multiple relationships of defensive self-presentation tactics with imposter syndrome in graduate students of Shahid Chamran University (Ahvaz-Iran). Five handred subjects were randomly selected for this study from which 200 subjects were randomly selected for the scale validation phase. Subjects completed 2 scales: Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) and Defensive Self-Presentation. The results of the research indicated that defensive self- presentation tactics have a positive Correlation with imposter syndrome. In addition, multiple correlation of defensive self- presentation tactics with imposter syndrome was statistically significant. In male graduate students, self-handicapping was the best predictors of imposter syndrome, and in female graduate students self- handicapping and excuses were the best predictors of imposter syndrome.

Since mate selection criteria have important roles in marriage and having a family, the present research aims at answering two questions: 1- What criteria do the young girls in Ahwaz care about considering marriage? 2- Do the mate-selection criteria of Ahwaz young girl students differ considering age, native language, birth order, the family size, parental education, and the educational area? The research population consisted of last year girl students of Ahwaz high schools. 500 were selected randomly. The research instrument was Mate- Selection Criteria of Ahwazi Girl Scale which was made by factor analysis having a high validity and reliability. Also a demographic inventory was used. Both of which were completed by the research sample. The research findings concerning the first question showed that the young girls were familiar with right Mate-selection criteria and their importance. The sample cared about the following criteria: Matching criteria, family criterion, medical criterion, the new family indecency, moral and religions characteristics. Considering the second question, it was found that as to the mate-selection criteria of young girls, there was no significant relationship regarding age, native language, birth order, the family size and parental education. Just there were significant relationships among the mate-selection criteria of girls in four educational areas.