JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS LITERATURE AND ART STUDIES
Year:2019 | Volume:4 | Issue:2 (14)|Papers Count:7

Imagery is an important part of poetry which has been used in analyzing literary works. Poems of Ashura have been trying to recreate the tragedy as a part of engaged literature. In this paper we focus on the literary beauties of these poems in the age of decadence. Also, we look into the artistic imagery in the eulogies of this era to find dynamic images in them. In order to do this, we adopt a descriptive-analytical methodology in analyzing the eulogies of the fifth volume of the Adab-al-Taf. Thus, we gave an statistical table depicting how the poet inserts his literary genius in the field of religious and political concepts to produce animate images. The writers have tried to depict the status of imagery in the poetry of this era according to literarical analysis, showing the role it plays in creating artistic images in an era of intellectual standstill.

Modality points to the quality of expression, which shows the degree of certainty on the part of the enunciator. The 30th chapter of the Quran is a part of an ideological text which expresses the tenets of Islam such as: God, the Hereafter, Paradise, Inferno and preaches monotheism. We can address the issue of modality in this section. The results show that cognitive modality is the predominant one in this section of the Quran which focuses on creation, hereafter, paradise and inferno, and the sotries pertaining to previous prophets. In order to emphszie this, the tow modalities of indication and subjunction has led to this. the imperative mood and imperative modality is less prominent in these parts.

Afterthe rise of Islam, interpretation found prominence as a new science. Each interpreter had a method based on his technical knowledge, beliefs, geography, historical situation and the audience one had in mind. Since no available category fits this genre, we should come up with a new methodology to categorize the interpretations. Interpretations have three characteristics of the genre: plurality, similarity and difference. Therefore, we can categorize them according to genre and then start analyzing them in different ways. In this paper we analyze the Javameh-al-Jameh interpretation to show the sub-genre of this interpretation. Tabarsi tried not to ignite religious disputes by campaigning for the Shiite ideology. He has a literary and grammatical approach. Also there is intertextual connections between this and other interpretations such as Kashshaf by Zamakhshari and Majma-al-Bayan by Tabarsi himself. This work falls under the genre of interpretation and the sub-genre of literary interpretation.

Coherence is a topic in linguistics which analyzes different texts according to their structure and meaning. Coherence lies in the tools of the linguistic system such as reference, omission, replacement and conjunction, which lie inside language itself. The present paper adopts an analytical-descriptive approach to the issue of non-structural grammatical constituents in the text of Sermon 175 of Nahjolbalahagah and the translations by Jafari, Shahidi and Faqihi. The results show that among the aforementioned constituents, Faqihi is closer to the original text and manages to show the coherence in the original text in his translation. Notwithstanding, it was observed that the translators have made some mistakes due to the influences such as their style and the linguistic-grammatical possibilities of their language.

Nahjolbalaghah is a religious text as well as a literary one. Different literary techniques are used in this work. In this paper we analyze irony in this work and its persuasive impact on the reader. In Nahjolbalaghah uses irony in different ways such as rhetorical imagery focused on criticizing social and political issues. Nahjolbalaghah uses irony in order to persuade the audience. Irony uses literary imagery and expression in order to portray the flaws and persuade the audience.

Intertextuality aims to find the hidden layers of a literary text. The poem Karbala by the Lebanese poet, Saeed Al-Osaili is an important epic of contemporary Arabic poetry. In this 6000-line poem, he has been influenced by different intellectual, literary and historical sources. The present paper uses a descriptive-analytical approach according to an intertextual analysis. This poem establishes intertextual connections with the Quran, NAhjolbalaghah, classical and contemporary Arabic poetry and famous proverbs. The three types of connections are particular negation, universal negation and parallelism.

A writer’ s personal style is determined by his/her lexicon. Imam Ali’ s political and ethical sermons are written in different situations with different audiences in mind. This has led to different texture and lexical choices. We have used Johnson’ s theory to compare and contrast the lexical variety in different sermons and political letters of Imam Ali. An important result of this investigation is that, although the letters’ content are applicable in all different sorts of societies, but at the time it was written, it had had a specific audience in mind, thus the ideology in the letters has led to their having less lexical variety compared to the sermons.