DANESHVAR RAFTAR
Year:2007 | Volume:14 | Issue:22 (SPECIAL EDITION ON PSYCHOLOGY 8)|Papers Count:13

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of exposure and response prevention by self-treatment method on the reduction of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in out-patients who referred to psychiatric and psychological service centers in Isfahan. Therefore 20 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who were diagnosed on the basis of clinical interviewed and they did not have a major depressive disorder and personality disorders were randomly selected and assigned to two groups: training and control groups. The training group received a self-treatment manual booklet prepared by the experimenter. This booklet contained practical instructions and homework that were based on exposure and response prevention treatment method. The length of treatment was 6 weeks and the subjects were asked to give weekly reports of their progress to the experimenter by phone. The subjects in control group were assigned to waiting list. Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory were administered to all subjects as the pre-test post-test and follow-up. The results of analysis of covariance revealed that the training group showed significantly lower score than the control group on the post-test and on the one-month follow-up of maudsley obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (P<0.001). It is concluded that exposure and response prevention by self-treatment can be used as an effective method in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders.

This study has examined defense styles in Iranian samples with psychometric properties Defens Style Questionaaire (DSQ-40). 1067 subjects are (666 high school students, age mean: 16.61 SD: 1.13 and 401 university students, age mean: 21.3, SD: 3.8, 527 female, 540 male) that participated in this investigation. Internal consistency, concurrent validity, content validity, test-retest and cronbach a in Defense Style Questionaaire for Iraninan sample were computed. Results showed appears the DSQ-40 to be a reliable (a=/81-/87) and valid instrument (Its properties concerning content validity, concurrent validity and construct validity) for Iraninan sample.

Since 1960’s a vast amount of research is conducted on altrusim and apathy in social relationships. But doing such studies haven’t been paid due attention to in Iran. The purpose of this research is primarily to determine the rate of altrusim and apathy in urban society of Iran and also to investigate the relationship between altruism-apathy, empathy, social responsibility and cost-reward analysis. The method employed in this study is causal-comparative method which is done in two stages. In the first stage, that was conducted for determining of altruist and apathetic groups, researcher confederates referred to different houses and created a spurious emergency situation. The subjects were classified in altruist or apathetic groups on the basis of their reactions to this emergency situation. In second stage, questioners referred to the same subjects and collected required informations. Sampling unit was houses and 384 houses were selected in different regions of Shiraz by means of random multistage method. Measurment tool was a researcher-made questionnaire including 39 questions with likert scale of which 13 questions were for the measurement of empathy, 16 responsibility and 10 questions for the measurement of material cost-reward analysis. The validity of the measurement tool was determined by Content validity and the reliability was measured by Cronbach alpha in which the alpha coefficient for these three factors was .68 to .82 and for the total questionnaire was .75. The findings show that during occurrence emergency situations, rate of altruism is 75.3 and rate of apathy is 24.7. Furthermore, altruist group in comparison with apathetic group has more empathy, more responsibility and less material cost-reward analysis. The research findings, compared with previous studies results, also show that we can increase altruism and decrease apathy by means of raising empathy and responsibility and the reduction of material cost- reward analysis among citizens.

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the relationship between the perceptions of parenting styles and social skills and to examine the relationship between the perceptions of parenting and aspects of students’ self-concept. For this aim, 256 high school students completed the Student Attitude and Perceptions Survey (SAPS) and Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY). According to the results, the perception of family as authoritative and authoritarian was found to be predictor of asocial behaviors, aggression, and impulsive behaviors; and the perception of family as emotionally close and supportive was found to be predictor of all aspects of students’ self-concept in Iranian culture. The results have been discussed with regard to cross cultural findings.

The aim of this research is to determine B cluster of prevelance of personality disorders among high school female students.Statistical Population consists of all female students from first to third grade of high school in five regions in Isfahan. Sample size was 1400 students chosen randomly among 75 schools. Millon multiaxial clinical questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. In the final analysis the prevalence rate of antisocial personality disorder signs 0.08%, narcisstic 1.9%, histrionic 6.4%, and borderline 0.08% were specified. These findings belonged to students whose grades were 85 and above and have serious personality disorder signs. But students whose grades were between 74-85, Providing they had suitable conditions, they were more likely to suffer from personality disorder. The rate of personality disorder prevalence among this group appeared to be as follows: antisocial 1.15%, narcisstic 1.3%, histrionic 14.7%, and borderline 1.9%.

The main aim of the present research is to compare the psychological profile of the employee wives with husbands’ suffering from spinal cord injuries with those with non-husbands’ problems. The experimental group included 45 employee wives selected from the main population of married men who had spinal cord injuires during the war (n=57). The control group comprised 45 woman employees whose husbands had no psychological problems. All subjects were requested to fill in the MMPI as well as a demographic form. The two groups were matched on age, educational levels, job, income, length of marriage and work. Data were analyzed by t test and the results revealed significant differences between the two groups on psychological profiles. In conclusion, the study showed that the wives of the experimental group suffered from a wide range of psychological problems such as depression, psychosomatic complaints, overload stress and tension, aggression, lack of security feeling, and emotional conflicts more than the control group did.

Present research aimed to investigate the Relationship between self- efficacy and mental health. To this aim, 300 high school boys and girls in the third grade were chosen through cluster sampling. The tools employed in this research were as follows: self- efficacy scale (Sharer, et.al 1982) and symptom checklist- 90- Rivis scale (SCL- 90- R). The collected data was analyzed using t- test for comparing the two sex groups and correlation. Results revealed that there is a significant relationship between self-efficacy and mental health and low levels of self- efficacy were accompanied by high levels of pathological symptoms. It became obvious that there is not a significant difference between self-efficacy and mental health in girls and boys. Finally, the research confirmed the relationship between self-efficacy and mental health.

This study was aimed to consider students value hierarchies. To this aim values of shahed university students was reviewed in a descriptive design. The students attended in 1998-2001 were considered as statistical universe and then separate research were done for considering of value hierarchies of the said students, based on the year of attendance. In other words, the statistical universe was made of the whole students of the attendance year in the university and the sample was selected among them, who filled research questionnaires. After 2 years, in the second stage, the research questionnaires were again completed by the same students. This method was repeated for all samples who attended during 1998-2001. In this stage questionnaire of Alport, Vernon & Lindzey, in which, values system was in the form of hierarchy, were used which included Theoretical, Religious, Social, Economic, Art and Political values. Results showed that the religious and social values were in the first and second positions in students value hierarchies and the art value was the last one. The comparison of students values throughout research stages revealed that the religious and especially political value were decreased in the second year of the study but religious value was hold as the first one. Despite displacement of other values, no significant differences were found during the study. Meanwhile the role of individual and social variables like gender, marital status, the place of family residence, university attendance quota and the faculty of the students, were studied and these findings are discussed.