JOURNAL OF VISUAL AND APPLIED ARTS
Year:2020 | Volume:12 | Issue:26|Papers Count:6

The main problem of this research is the quality of influencing some traditions as parda, glass gilding, tea-house painting, wall paintings in sacred monuments as well as the lithograph books on the emergence of the Saqā tā lā r paintings in Qajar period, Mā zandarā n, Iran; Saqā tā lā r is a wooden building found exclusively in this area of the country. The research purpose is finding the historical relationships between these artistic genres more accurately. They have been not profoundly referred as the origin and the root of the Saqā tā lā r paintings. The Peter Chelkowski's theories on the narrative paintings and painting recitation, their roots and origins, the challenges existed about the exact date of making the first sample of narrative religious wall paintings in Iran would be helpful in this regard. Two significant groups of religious and non-religious themes have been represented simultaneously in the context of Saqā tā lā r paintings. This synthesis seems to be slightly incongruent at first glance so that we cannot remember any similar examples of being gathered these different motives in their introduced origins. It is why the synthesis is considered to be a unique and unprecedented case. For this reason an extensive study on all these artistic genres, their background, their first samples, contents and themes and also their relations with the Saqā tā lā r building would be necessary. The research hypothesis is the possibility of the exact representation of the lithograph illustrations in the Saqā tā lā r paintings. At first glance, we can see a lot of similarities between the illustrations of lithograph books and the motives on the Saqā tā lā r building, in terms of both the visual features and themes. The authors assess the seventeen painted and dated Saqā tā lā r in addition to the above said origins, in terms of their dates, their involved people as well as their themes through an historical approach. The research method is the qualitative content analysis of historical resources along with the field work in Mā zandarā n province and its villages. The certain result of the study indicates the significant similarity between the most of Saqā tā lā r paintings and the illustrations of Qajar lithograph books as well as the presence of a considerable extent of Saqā tā lā r themes in them; however, the absence of colour in lithograph books is the only difference between the two. Also, with regard to Saqā tā lā r buildings, their location, their certain relations with the religion and the other religious buildings around them, the specific paintings, the particular colors and their specific techniques of drawing these motives, one might observe a set of the unique features here which have been continuously invariant among all the influences mentioned above. In addition, they are belonged to a certain period of time and have been constructed and painted by a specific group of people; All these issues might give a unique identity to Saqā tā lā rs we can name them an artistic "Style". Finally, the historical data indicates a kind of relationship between the founders of these buildings and the Qajar capital and court which might make doubt about the authenticity of some presumptions.

We face a lot of shortcoming for naming something in Islamic Art. Also for understand specialist things should com to mind Multiple Tips. This titles are understanding for many short peoples. Usually this people are Islamic art specialist. So expect few people of master of art, few people can name for many of Islamic art fields. In the meantime Islamic calligraphy is very critical, because have few research for Islamic calligraphy. Now if a student art want detect between two kind styles of one style, he don’ t understand. It is important that though large number of Islamic calligraphy, we cant see report of how diff two style. Now in the face with Naskh, this deficient comes further to the eye. Naskh is one of important kinds writing in Islamic calligraphy. Because a Muslim Writer writ Goran by Naskh. And in all of history and loaf period Naskh was create and most widely used. But we cant see a research of this tip. Many of tips are name of location or names artist. For example Naskh irani or naskh E Nirizi. That in the event they are a kind of special Naskh styles. Also in Islamic calligraphy style is called accent (Lahje). This research is for find that, what different is between Iranian Naskh and Ottomans Naskh. In Iranian Naskh to Ahmad e Nirizi and in ottomans Naskh to Hafez Osman. We face a lot of shortcoming for naming something in Islamic Art. Also for understand specialist things should com to mind Multiple Tips. This titles are understanding for many short peoples. Usually this people are Islamic art specialist. So expect few people of master of art, few people can name for many of Islamic art fields. In the meantime Islamic calligraphy is very critical, because have few research for Islamic calligraphy. Now if a student art want detect between two kind styles of one style, he don’ t understand. It is important that though large number of Islamic calligraphy, we cant see report of how diff two style. Now in the face with Naskh, this deficient comes further to the eye. Naskh is one of important kinds writing in Islamic calligraphy. Because a Muslim Writer writ Goran with by Naskh. And in all of history and loaf period Naskh was create and most widely used. But we cant see a research of this tip. We face a lot of shortcoming for naming something in Islamic Art. Also for understand specialist things should com to mind Multiple Tips. This titles are understanding for many short peoples. Usually this people are Islamic art specialist. So expect few people of master of art, few people can name for many of Islamic art fields. In the meantime Islamic calligraphy is very critical, because have few research for Islamic calligraphy. Now if a student art want detect between two kind styles of one style, he don’ t understand. It is important that though large number of Islamic calligraphy, we cant see report of how diff two style.

Yukinori Yanagi, a Japanese artist, offers conceptual art with the application of the cultural identity of the various nations. He created a metaphor of the futility of nationalism by creating the work of the World Flag Ant Farm. The fear or the fact of changing cultural identities through the use of Yanagi in the context of everyday life illustrates the great simulation process Which is in the opinion of Jean Baudrillard was a founder of French postmodern theory, he believes that signs and meanings under the guidance of advanced media, since endlessly to multiply and increase the fixed meanings of signs, communicate word and object, and distinguish truth from error and reality from illusion, would not be possible. According to Baudrillard we have entered the era of simulation. Simulation are signs that constitutes the transcripts or the actual act of objects or events. Simulations on postmodern age is no longer a transcript or copy reality, not a replica of it. Therefore, this article aims to analyze and describe Baudrillard's simulation of the study examined the effect of Yukinori Yanagi and the question of how cultural simulate in the visual arts represented? And with the method descriptive-analytical and comparative study of the work of Yanagi. The results show that Yanagi commensurate with the dynamics society stated a different kind of communication between countries that led to assimilate to an allegorical method. Therefore, this article aims to analyze and describe Baudrillard's simulation of the study examined the effect of Yukinori Yanagi and the question of how cultural simulate in the visual arts represented? And with the method descriptive-analytical and comparative study of the work of Yanagi. The results show that Yanagi commensurate with the dynamics society stated a different kind of communication between countries that led to assimilate to an allegorical method. Therefore, this article aims to analyze and describe Baudrillard's simulation of the study examined the effect of Yukinori Yanagi and the question of how cultural simulate in the visual arts represented? And with the method descriptive-analytical and comparative study of the work of Yanagi. The results show that Yanagi commensurate with the dynamics society stated a different kind of communication between countries that led to assimilate to an allegorical method. Therefore, this article aims to analyze and describe Baudrillard's simulation of the study examined the effect of Yukinori Yanagi and the question of how cultural simulate in the visual arts represented? And with the method descriptive-analytical and comparative study of the work of Yanagi. The results show that Yanagi commensurate with the dynamics society stated a different kind of communication between countries that led to assimilate to an allegorical method. Therefore, this article aims to analyze and describe Baudrillard's simulation of the study examined the effect of Yukinori Yanagi and the question of how cultural simulate in the visual arts represented? And with the method descriptive-analytical and comparative study of the work of Yanagi. The results show that Yanagi commensurate with the dynamics society stated

The word “ Design” in English and its equivalent in the Persian language, “ Tarahi” has abundant meanings and vast usages in the art and architecture fields and higher education related to them. The extensive nature and lots of variations of this word (design) in order to mach to different approaches, movements and new scientific and technologic progresses, has caused some ambiguities and confusions in obtaining an unit and comprehensive meaning of this word. This problem, especially when related to the subject of education, causes disturbance in the redaction, understanding and education of syllabuses that are naturally related to design or are engaged with its process in some degrees. The main purposs of this article is epistemology of the word “ design” with adopting a descriptive and analythical research methodology with a phenomological approach and with application of scientific tools of terminology and etymology. This research uses library and documental research tools for collecting information and data. The results of this research reveals the multilayer and multi-dimentional meaning of deisgn in the current age and therefore this research is not seeking to provide a comprehensive meaning of this word, but determination of evolution it from languistics, philosophical, historical and technological aspects in order to reveal the hidden and inner relationship of them together to obtain a more clear understanding of this word and its meaning in the current era. The nessesity of awareness of this evolution for obtaining an accurate understanding of the word design is inevitable. Although the words of design and drawing in some cases have common roots and meaning especially in Persian language, they are completely different in meaning and application. The word design itself is a complicated word with different meanings according its application. The current word design has roots in French, Italian and Latin languages and has passed a very long evolutionary process to get to the position it has today. From a phenomenological perspective, the word design has a close connection with art, technology and machine words, as neither of them would be deeply understandable without the others. From a philosophical point of view, in the modern era, design has had the duty of reconnecting art and technology which had separated after the industrial revolution. In the twentieth century. The arts and crafts movement and Bauhaus Style have had a great influence on the meaning of the word design today. Today, the word design obtained such wide meanings and applications that it is almost impossible to provide a unit and only definition of it. Design’ s meaning according the time, place, application, aim and many other elements could change. The definitions regarding the word design have three main common features including; process ability, having purpose and problem solving. Today design plays a mediator role for many expertise. From this perspective, Today, design can be considered as a living organism that is always under metamorphose and adjustment in accordance with changes in circumstances and new progresses and this will continue forever.

The Russo-Iranian wars in the first half of the 18th century during the Qajar period and Iran's defeat were a preface for Iran's entry into the modern world, but the encounter with the West during the Qajar period was of another kind. In this section, modernity affected the intellectuals' opinions and thoughts and ultimately led to cultural changes, which are in turn the result of cultural codes variation in each society. Clothing is one of the most important manifestations of cultural codes variation. In this vein, we can refer to factors such as sending students to Europe, establishing new schools, trading with foreigners, dispatching and reception of ambassadors and official and unofficial representatives, and formation of Constitutional Revolution that paved the way for socio-cultural space in which a new structure was created in women's dress and appearance. The current research is a qualitative case study conducted with the aim to get familiar with factors affecting cultural codes variation in Qajar period and identify evolutions with regard to Qajar women's dress as one of the cultural manifestations of Iran in Qajar period. Using Robert Wuthnow's Cultural Change Theory, this research seeks to answer this question: what changes were made in Qajar women's clothing in the Qajar period and after Nasir al-Din Shah era? and what factors determined these changes? The obtained results show that, at first, the rule of Nasir al-Din Shah, and then, Constitutional Revolution can be identified as two important historical turning points that changed cultural codes, including the Qajar women's dress. Nasir al-Din Shah, the longest-reigning monarch among Qajar monarchs, was one of the main sponsors of modernity and paved the way for a new kind of clothing among harem women. Extensive communication with the West, import of European goods and the willingness of a group of intellectuals to western manifestations were among other factors directly affecting the clothing style of Qajar women in this period. Then in Constitutional Revolution, the women stated their needs by comparing themselves with western women; and seeking to their social status, they participated in social activities. In this regard, we can refer to journals published for women with female editorial staff, which had been converted to a center to write different perspectives on Qajar women's clothing and veil. Additionally, modernization measures such as establishing modern schools which had replaced traditional clothing with European clothing, recruiting Europeans in bureaucratic agencies, and formation of women's associations are among other factors that provided the required platform for evolution in cultural codes. It can be said that moving towards modernism made nationalism with its two orientations of westernization and archaism an important challenge for the society of that time, which finally, led to western nationalist hegemony, and at last, during Ahmad Shah's era it led to the complete prevalence of European clothing among Qajar women.