DEFENSE STRATEGY
Year:2018 | Volume:16 | Issue:63|Papers Count:6

Cyberspace is a set of cyber-based capabilities that can be used to support national power and to achieve strategic goals in cyberspace and beyond it. Strategic planning and macro-policymaking in this area require the formulation of guiding principles to guide and lead the necessary activities and measurements in order to achieve national goals and interests that are being pursued in the form of a cyber-power doctrine. In this paper, the main objective is to identify the factors and components that influence the formulation of a cyber power doctrine in Iran's pre-emptive notification policies and high level documents. This research, in terms of purpose, is fundamental and, in terms of the nature and method of data collection, is a descriptive-case study. The approach used to analyze data is also qualitative and based on the method of content and analysis the meta-synthesis. The collected data is analyzed by MAXQDA software after scanning. Findings of this research show that dealing with world domination, intelligent and influential dealing in global interactions, is one of the basic principles in developing a cyber power doctrine in communicative policies. Also, in high level documents, emphasis has been placed on shaping cyber legal and judicial rules and promotion of Islamic culture and values as a basis for strategic policies and goals in the direction of cyber-power.

Based on the principles of Islamic jurisprudence and the principles adopted in international law, legitimate defense is limited to the geographical boundaries of a country, and defending outside the geographical boundaries has always been the subject of controversy among intellectuals. In this research, the legitimacy of defense outside the border in two areas of self-defense and defense of others, by exploring the jurisprudential foundations (verses, narrations, reason and consensus), and the principles of international law (written international sources, legal doctrine and wisdom) has been studied. The study of valid jurisprudential sources and lawyers' opinions in the international law as well as the international practice and procedure shows that in the field of defending others, examples such as defending allies, interference with invasion or consent of the invading country (with due regard to legal requirements), based on Islamic principles and the rules of international law are justifiable and in the Islamic law the legitimacy of such matters as defending the Islamic lands; defending Muslims and oppressed nations, is undeniable. The legitimacy of a pre-emptive defense (self-defense outside of the borders), where the possibility of damages, decisive or imminent, is accompanied by solid evidence, and the use of force to defend itself against that danger is a must, based on the (rationale) Islamic and the doctrine of some lawyers has been accepted. In both areas of defense of others and self-defense, the legitimacy of defense outside the border in exceptional cases (while respecting the restrictions on the use of force) can be proven.

Nowadays, outsourcing in manufacturing has become global affair, and is increasing in research and development areas and occupations with a high technical level. This research was conducted with the aim of designing a decision-making outsourcing model for the managerial activities of defense research and development projects based on scientific studies, criteria and decision making options for outsourcing research and development activities have been identified and the main components of decision making have been determined. After this stage, using the method of analytical hierarchy and using experts' opinions, the required coefficients are calculated and computed by modeling and combining it with the scoring method, the decision-making model of outsourcing of the managerial activities for defense research and development has been designed, and important applied element for external management of executive activities of these projects were proposed. At the end of the outsourceable activities, one of the research and development projects has been prioritized separately and in the whole project phase and outsourcing contractors of activities were selected.

Islamophobia is a term that conceptually means fear of Islam and a fear that is more fictitious and places Islam against other civilizations. The purpose of this paper is to identify the phenomenon of Islamophobia as one of the most important problems facing the Islamic world and to identify the most important strategies for coping with this phenomenon. This research is applied one in terms of its purpose and in terms of methodology is a descriptive-analytical study. The main tools for collecting information are clamping tools, questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis method is using quantitative and qualitative methods that have been extracted using SWOT strategies. The findings of this study show that the Islamic world in general against the spread of the phenomenon of Islamophobia has been drawn from five factors of strength and six weaknesses. In total, eight opportunities and no threats were extracted in terms of external factors. The results of this research show that in Swat strategic environment and in accordance with the four-fold environments, 13 strategies were extracted that in the end we were placed in the defensive realm after giving weight.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate and explain the effect of strategic orientation on innovation capacity with regard to intermediary variables. This research, in terms of purpose, is an applied and in terms of data collection method is a descriptive and survey study. A questionnaire tool was used to collect data. The statistical population of the survey includes 120 industry airline executives. Using a census method, 120 questionnaires were distributed and analyses on 112 questionnaires were returned and using SPSS and Amos softwares. The results showed that pioneering strategies have a positive and significant effect on the variables of dynamic capabilities and cost reduction factors and reactive strategies have a negative and significant effect. Both dynamic capabilities and cost-reducing factors have a positive impact on competitiveness, as well as in influencing the groundbreaking and responsive strategies on competitiveness of mediating role.

The planning of border areas in West Azarbaijan province has a special position in the country's development system due to its long borders and the location of more than 858 km of the province on the international borders with neighboring countries. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to achieve security-defense strategies in West Azerbaijan province with the approach of spatial planning. The research methodology is based on a futuristic research approach and uses techniques such as Delphi method, cross-impact analysis, MicMac software, scenario-wizard and SWOT analytical model to analyze the findings. The results show that there are 16 key factors which play a key role in the security development of the province, and 48 possible future statuses was considered for them. Then, with expert comments and based on the analyzes of the Scenario Wizard software, 17 believable scenarios and 5 strong scenarios were extracted. The results show that 39. 58% of these scenarios are desirable and 38. 88% of the nine-sided scenarios show critical situations, the probability of realization of static conditions is about 21. 52%. This suggests that in the defense and security strategies of the border regions of West Azerbaijan province, the probability of occurrence of static conditions is low, but the probability of occurrence of two favorable and critical conditions with a small percentage difference is higher. Finally, based on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats presented for each of the strong scenarios and using the SWOT model, security strategies for the province were developed.