ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS MANAGEMENT
Year:2019 | Volume:6 | Issue:3|Papers Count:6

Introduction The purpose of this study is to analyze the pathology of criminal policy based on the Hazards Science to the pathology of the common areas of this science with criminal law. Hazards Science of securing health against potentially dangerous events has become increasingly important in criminal sciences in general and criminal policy in particular. Lawmakers seek to address possible threats posed by some crimes as comprehensive laws for future generations and events. In this regard, the legislator seeks to delineate, with offenses and penalties, directions to reduce the potential costs of environmental offenses to individuals, and communities...

Introduction Radio is one of the most useful means of media communication in times of crisis. Local radio stations have an even bigger impact on news and information, due to their monopoly on local news, direct access to crisis, quick access to reliable local resources, and easy access to rare and momentary information. In addition, more local citizens have access to local radio stations than anything else. Such parameters make local radio stations an essential tool for agencies in dealing with hazards and crisis management...

Earthquake is one of the natural disasters that if occurs strongly in high population areas, will create great human catastrophe. Earthquake can provide considerable life and financial devastating effects, especially in urban regions. Observation of damaged buildings map is crucial for crisis management experts and helps them guide rescue teams to damaged locations in short period of time. Remote sensing and geographic information system is an efficient tool of rapid survey of condition of damaged buildings after the earthquake in urban regions. This research has been conducted with the aim of identification of demolished buildings due to earthquake by very high resolution satellite images and comparison of available efficient methods. To achieve these goals, very high resolution satellite images of Bam city, before and after the earthquake, and the observed damage map of the region were used. In this study, the best and the most appropriate textural indices were chosen after calculation of textural features of images by statistical analysis of logistic regression and correlation. Then, the condition of buildings demolition was classified by optimum obtained textural values and implementing Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network systems, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and Support Vector Machines (SVM). Finally, the accuracy of all the presented techniques were compared with each other and the best proposed technique was selected and presented. According to the results, all the three MLP, SVM and ANFIS methods were good for classification of degrees of buildings demolition, but ANFIS method was better with 1% in overall accuracy, 4% in kappa coefficient, and 1. 7% in RMSE.

Flood is considered as one of the most destructive natural hazards in the world that results in a lot of costs, especially in developed countries. Therefore, dealing with this hazard and its risk, two kinds of essential actions should be applied, including structural and non-structural methods. Forecasting and flood warning techniques are effective non-structural methods that developing them is related to different methods of people participating and their educating. In this paper, these methods are prioritized based on their effects on the development of forecasting and flood warning in Iran. First, alternatives (methods of people participating and their educating) and criteria are determined. Afterwards, experts’ opinions about the situation of each alternative to each criterion are collected and an appropriate decision making method is applied to rank the alternatives. Finally, the method of holding meeting with people in flood plains is ranked as the first alternative. Creating observation markers from previous occurred floods is selected as the second alternative. Visiting plants and industrial sectors in flood plains and giving necessary warnings to industrial owners, installing signs to show flood potential on the public building, paper publication in newspapers, presenting flood instructions in the form of manual, brochures, etc., trial maneuvers, face-to-face interaction, methods for distributing flood information through manuals, brochures, etc., as well as awareness advertisements on the radio, and interviewing with flood managers are ranked third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth, respectively.

Introduction The plains of flood rivers are among the critical points of the flood. The Kashan Plain Watershed is one of the cases that has been flooded in numerous years. There has been many economic and financial losses in the residents of this watershed. Achieving and resolving environmental management problems in the watershed scale requires an integrated approach in evaluation and management, in which the processes and all the biophysical and socio-economic effects are considered (1). In the last decade, in a comprehensive action with a subtle and flexible combination of empirical models of evaluation of capabilities, the environmental and legal support of some pioneering countries with the approval of the law required the interference of natural disasters in the context of each development program. The new horizon of the Risk land use planning paradigm was opened, and logistic link to the efficiency of the programs and realization of the multilateral goals of sustainable development, and management of its environmental hazards was accelerated drastically (2)...

Severe earthquakes always disrupt people's lives by damaging the residential sector. In the process of disaster resettlement, after the emergency, shelter phase in the first weeks until permanent housing usually, takes one to two years, temporary housing is needed to resettle people and return them to normal life. Despite the effective role, this period has played in the process of community recovery. In past experiences especially urban disasters, have often been neglected and accompanied by economic, social, and environmental challenges...