Geographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal
Year:2021 | Volume:2 | Issue:1 (4)|Papers Count:6

Sericulture is an essential tool for developing Domestic Jobs, job creation, income generation, and empowering the rural community. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the challenges of advancing sericulture as a sustainable income-generation rural activity in Guilan province. It was a descriptive survey study with the help of R-type exploratory factor analysis. The initial list of obstacles was prepared by examining the background of the research and interview with a group of 30 local elites, including experts and sericulture farmers. Lack of production facilities, production-conversion barriers, financial-marketing barriers, educational barriers, and attitudinal barriers are among the most critical barriers and problems identified in the development of sericulture. The five factors extracted from the exploratory factor analysis explained 62. 94% of the variance of the variables. To remove the identified obstacles, it is recommended to hold higher-quality promotional and educational classes, transfer low-utility banking facilities, and support private sector investment to remove the existing barriers.

Leisure time and how it passes off is a reflection of the social, economic, and cultural conditions of individuals. And it could be different under the influence of different conditions such as the characteristics of the residential unit and residential environment of individuals as well as characteristics such as age, gender, occupation, and level of education, the amount and type of leisure activities of individuals. Therefore, in this research, the role of background variables and residential unit characteristics on the physical-leisure activity of residents of Javadieh and Khayyam neighborhoods of Sari city have been investigated. It was a descriptive-analytical and survey study, and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS and univariate Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Wickramers and agreement coefficients, Spearman correlation coefficient, and Kendall’ s tau-b. The results showed that the level of physical leisure activity among the residents of the Javadieh neighborhood was relatively low. It was moderate among the inhabitants of the Khayyam neighborhood. There was no significant relationship between age and physical-leisure activity of residents in two neighborhoods, but there was a significant relationship between the cost of household and occupation with the level of physical-leisure activity of residents in the two neighborhoods. In the Javadieh neighborhood, the level of physical leisure activity was fairly equal between men and women, but in the Khayyam neighborhood, women's activity rates were higher than men's. There was no significant relationship between the housing area and the physical-leisure activity of residents in the Javadieh neighborhood, but there was a relatively strong and direct relationship between these two variables in the Khayyam neighborhood. There was no significant relationship between the type of housing and the amount of physical leisure activity of residents of the Khayyam neighborhood. However, there is a relatively strong correlation between these two variables in the Javadieh neighborhood. There is a moderate and direct relationship between the household and the level of physical-leisure activity of residents in both neighborhoods.

Nowadays, the production of empty spaces has overshadowed the thought and practice of urban planning. While the urban space has the representational feature and, in its historical process, it turns into a complex and multilayered being. Due to its complexity and diversity, the historical study of space is one of the main concerns in urban studies. Using the conceptual structure of spatial trialectics and the historical exploration of space rhythms in the two cities of Rasht and Kashan, the present study tries to give a historical analysis of urban space according to three components of climate, culture, and regulatory power. The research method was documentary, and the content analysis was a historical-interpretive approach. The comparative findings of the study showed that Kashan-as a hot and dry city in the central part of the Iranian plateau-has a cosmic rhythm or powerful lunar rhythms, but in Rasht-a temperate and humid city in the northern region of Iran-the solar cycle time becomes more important. Also, the political institutions matured in different ways in Rasht and Kashan. Throughout history, leaders emerged in Kashan who tried to maintain ties with religious sections, including the prominent members in other major religious cities, unlike their counterparts in Rash, who emphasized the civil, commercial, and political dimensions. Historical and social relations among the people of Kashan are founded on uniform agreements based on religion. But these relations are mainly based on various and, at the same time, contradictory ethnic treaties in Rasht.

Employment is considered one of the basic components in rural and agricultural development. Comfort, physical and mental well-being are achieved through access to a proper job and profession. This article tried to analyze the employment situation in rural areas of Iran. Statistical data in the period of 1989-2019 have been obtained from the Statistical Center of Iran and the Central Bank. Five economic, social, and cultural development programs have been implemented in this period, and the sixth development plan is underway. The rural population has decreased during this period, but the rural employment rate has fluctuated. The employment rate in the agricultural sector has remained stable at an average of around 51% and continues to maintain its dominance in rural employment. Then, the economic development plan and rural employment performance were reviewed. It was shown that from 2017 to 2021, rural employment was limited only to study programs and the identification of target villages.

The present study aimed to investigate the production of science by the researchers in the coastal region using scientometric approaches. This study is an applied study and has been done using a descriptive survey method with a scientometric approach and analysis of social networks. The statistical population included 1753 documents of the researchers in the coastal area in the Web of Science citation database between 2000 and 2019. Data were analyzed using Excel and VOS viewer software. Findings showed that the scientific productions of this field in the world were mostly done with the topics of sea, bay, dynamics using the words such as sea, management, bay, model that was recognized as the most frequent words in the scientific productions of the coastal area. Analysis of data on the network of co-authorship countries showed that the United States, Russia, China are the top three countries in science production, and Germany, France, and the United States have the most significant scientific pairs. The study of organizations active in the field of coastal areas also showed that Russian acad sci, Chinese acad sci, Univ Gdansk are the top universities and institutions operating in coastal areas. Due to the increase in the quality of articles done with the concurrence and participation of several authors and the increase in interdisciplinary fields, researchers in the field of coastal areas should study the areas that need research and joint studies with other, especially foreign authors.

The present study identified the most effective factors influential on the physical condition of rural areas in Guilan province with a futures research approach. It also examined the extent and quality that these factors that affect each other. The research was applied in terms of purpose, and it was analytical-exploratory in terms of nature, based on the new methods of futurology. It has been conducted using a mixed model. The data were collected through documentary and library studies. Qualitative data were prepared by open questionnaire through interviews and review of documents, and quantitative data were collected numerically by weighting Delphi questionnaires. Accordingly, in the first step, the influential indicators and components in this field were collected in various dimensions (economic, socio-cultural, environmental, spatial, physical, and historical-ancient). After collecting data and identifying the initial variables in the framework of the Delphi model, 40 questionnaires were distributed among the executive and university elites of Guilan province, who had sufficient expertise and experience in the physical issues. The results of Mic mac outputs indicated that the physical condition of rural areas in Guilan province and the community-based physical condition are somewhat stable. The current situation of the community-based physical system may not change in the near future. Finally, considering the high score of direct and indirect factors, ten effective factors identified in the future of rural physical development of Guilan province. These factors could be attributed to the presence of the most direct factors, including welfare, facilities, income, climate, age, and texture and the most indirect factors including climate, markets, roughness, tourism, and proper use.