Financial Economics
Year:2021 | Volume:15 | Issue:55|Papers Count:15

Analyzing the impact of private banks on Economic growth in Economists have always emphasized the impact of financial development on production and economic growth; therefore, promoting financial development through governmental banks privatization and allowing private banks to be established, has been one of the main growth strategies in different countries. However, the results are different in countries. In Iran, after negative consequences which emerged from banking sector nationalization, government decided to allow private banks to be founded in order to eradicate the problems created by governtmental banks. In order to evaluate the impact of private banks performance on economic production and growth in Iran, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique has been used based on seasonal data form 1382-1394. The study indicated that the impact of financial development has been positive on economic production and growth, which means promoting financial development and facilitating financing procedures, has resulted in production increase. However, regarding private banks and their impact on economic growth, its needed to mention that in line with increasing their market share of financing in Iran, the production has decreased. The main reasons for this phenomenon are toxic assets in private banks balance sheets, accumulated government debts, financing speculative sectors in the economy, managing lots of companies and involvement in speculative markets. an

This dissertation evaluates the effects of taxing on three groups of goods, i. e. housing energy, transport fuels, and other non-durable goods in rich, moderate and poor households during the period of 2004-2017. To this end, we compute the income and price elasticities respect to each categories of goods by the estimates obtained for the parameters of a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System. According to the results, while the sign of the own price elasticities is theoretically expected, the groups of housing energy and transport fuels appear to be elastic in every three type of households. One percent Increasing in the price of housing energy, if the consumer isn’ t compensated, results in about 1 percent decrease in energy consumption in all households and also 0. 002 percent reduction in fuel consumption in moderate households. There are the same results for the group of transport fuel. One percent increasing in the price of transport fuel, without compensation of consumer, results in about 1 percent decrease in energy consumption in all households and also a partial reduction in energy consumption of rich and moderate households. As well as housing energy category has appeared as a necessity in all three types of households and transport fuel category has appeared as luxury for poor and moderate, and a necessity for the rich households.

Regarding the special role of banks in the economic system of countries and the world, there are considerable regulatory and control rules applied to them. With the rise and growth of Islamic banking, various studies and studies have been conducted to analyze the performance and regulatory mechanisms of this industry. The rules of the Basel 2 agreement are among the most important in the international agreement, which is designed to provide banking security. Among the issues raised in this agreement, the observance of minimum capital adequacy has received much research attention. Given the inherent differences and constraints facing Islamic banks in Iran, Basel Committee's capital ratios may not necessarily be appropriate for this banking system. Then, by modeling its impact on bank profitability as the most important motivational index of banks, its optimal value for the Iranian banking system is determined. The results show that the designed model is well able to explain the relationship between capital adequacy and profit efficiency and the optimal capital adequacy ratio for optimizing bank profit efficiency was estimated at 12. 5%. In the same way that healthy and efficient banks can be effective in economic growth, their unhealthy and poor performance can also lead to financial and economic crises. The WFTC has been reviewing and proposing capital requirements since 1988 and, most importantly, observing the minimum capital adequacy of banks. Calculation of capital adequacy requires consideration of capital and risk weighted assets. Due to the significant difference between the methods of financing and the use of funds and the type of contracts and payloads in the Islamic bank with the conventional bank, it is necessary to calculate and determine the minimum capital adequacy for an Islamic bank after identifying and classifying various types of assets, liabilities and capital And the amount of risk associated with each of them, taking into account its specific financial features. Therefore, this research intends to assess the suitability of a set of the most important indicators of banking healthy indicators, namely, capital ratios. To this end, the ratio of capital ratios (tire1+tire2) to risk weighted assets with technical efficiency of Islamic banks of Iran is reviewed. After calculating the technical efficiency index of banks by CCR and BCC, eight panel data regression models for the period 2003-2015 were estimated for 21 banks and more than 190 statistical samples. The results show that all four capital indicators have a positive and significant effect on the technical efficiency of the banks. However, tire1 capital to total assets ratio is the best explanatory variable among capital ratios for banking performance.

Today’ s Financial Stability plays a vital role in economic performance. Financial Stability influences prices and change asset composition in household portfolio. The aim of this paper is to examine various component of household demand as a financial non-tradable asset in compare with some selected countries experiences. Based on OLS Method we estimate household income demand elasticity’ s in 31 provinces in Iran during 2011-2018. The findings show characters of stability and certainties of household as a consumer and permanent asset plays a vital role against inflation volatility. The low knowledge of individuals in financial markets (stock market, gold, options, futures… ) low skills, the lack of professionally, huge volatility in stock market plays on individual households asset demand. In addition, historical, cultural dependency and interfere of financial institutional affected household demand.

In many of developed and developing countries, nowadays, B. O. T conctract is a way in which government performe their essential project as transport one through observing investment from privait firms, instead these privit firms earn the main investment as well as their profit from user fees. For many BOT transport projects, the government imposes service level requirement on the private firm so that project capacity and stochastic demand can be better matched. Service level can be defined as the probability of project capacity satisfying uncertain demand. Due to high risck of this kind of contaracts, the governmet, for many B. O. T transport projects, imposes service level requirement on the private firm so that project capacity and stochastic demand can be better matched. Service level is defined as the probability of project capacity satisfying uncertain demand. In this research as a determination optimal service level on B. O. T transport project contract based on Zhang model (Case Study: Tehran Fleet Electronic Ticket Contract) is conducted. The results suggest that the presence of service level requirement improves B. O. T h user fee and project capacity while decreases firm profit. Moreover, two formulas, to predict the servive level based on ontherrequlations, have been generated from the data of the project, using Gene EXperssion Programming through MATAL. The correlation coefficients of proposed relationship were relatively high, indicating the dependence of service level to project capacity, user fee, privit firm’ s prfite, the number of users, demand uncertainty.

Banks have a prominent place in today's economy. Accordingly, different approaches in banking are used to equip and optimize the allocation of bank resources. Accordingly, and considering the requirement of banks to implement the law on interest-free banking operations in Iran, this study sought to provide a suitable model for equipping banking resources based on the Islamic banking approach. The statistical sample of the research includes two groups of Iranian banks and banks of Islamic countries that Iranian banks and banks of Islamic countries during the period (2012-2019) that had the highest level of financial resources; was examined. Also, to estimate the model, the advanced generalized torque econometrics (GMM) method has been used. Indicators affecting the equipping of banking resources were extracted using experimental studies and finalized byinterviewand Delphi method by banking and academic experts. The results show that inflation, exchange rate, non-current receivables and legal deposit rates have a negative effect and the indicators of GDP, Interest-free deposit, investment deposit, return on investment and return on assets have a positive effect on Iranian and international banks in equipping banking resources.

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate selection of stock asset portfolio based on behavioral economics method (case study: Tehran Stock Exchange). Regarding method, this research is applied and in terms of time it is cross-sectional. In order to test the research hypotheses, one-sample t-test was used and Friedman test was used for ranking. The statistical population of this research includes two classes; the first class is related to high-ranking experts and officials of Tehran Stock Exchange and the second is related to the statistical population of brokers and investors active in the stock market of Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample size in the first part was selected non-randomly including 20 people and in the second part, considering that the number of statistical population was unknown, the number of sample size selected was 384 people. Field method of research and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect the questionnaire data. The face validity of the questionnaire was examined by experts and the content validity of the questionnaire was assessed using the Delphi method. It was shown the validity of the questionnaire’ s questions is acceptable. Then, the reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The obtained results indicated that the research questionnaire has the required reliability. Then, the collected data were analyzed in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of one-sample t-test showed that selection of stock asset portfolio based on behavioral economics method (psychological factors), loss aversion of individuals, mass behavior of individuals, conservatism (bias), accessibility of information and excessive self-confidence affect the decision of investors in the stock market of Tehran Stock Exchange. Friedman's ranking showed that loss aversion is placed in the first place, mass behavior of individuals in the second place, and conservatism (bias) in the third place.

The aim of the present study is to investigate and provide a model of the impact of political connection and corporate governance on banks' performance in the financial crisis condition. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the information of 10 banks listed on Tehran Stock Exchange, which were selected for a ten-year territory (from the beginning of 2010 to the end of 2019), was extracted and necessary statistical tests were performed on them. In order to test the research hypotheses, multivariate linear regression based on panel data and a combination of cross-sectional and temporal series has been used. Research has shown that in times of financial crisis, political communication has a positive and significant effect on return on assets and the ratio of TobinsQ in exemplary banks; negative and significant in the context of financial crises in banks Sample; and in times of financial crisis, corporate governance has a positive and significant effect on return of assets and the TobinsQ ratio of the sample banks.

This research has been conducted with the purpose of investigating the effect of dimensions of emotional intelligence and financial intelligence on the dimensions of auditor’ s performance with the focal correlation coefficient approach. This study is applicable in terms of objective and concerning data collection method is descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this study is auditors working in all auditing firms that are members of the Society of Certified Public Accountants operating in Tehran. 250 subjects were selected employing cluster random sampling method. Data collection tools were standard questionnaires. Content validity and the results of the measurement model were cited to evaluate the validity and reliability of the measurement tools. To analyze the data, focal correlation coefficient using SPSS software was employed. The results of the hypothesis test indicated that: the first, second and third focal correlation coefficients were reported to be significant at the 99% confidence level, which shows the existence of three sets of dependent variables. The focal correlation function the significance of the three functions extracted at the 99% confidence level. Each focal variable has a coefficient of determination and the first focal correlation is more important than the other correlations. The first focal correlation with a coefficient of determination of 0. 945 has been able to explain 94% of the variance. The total coefficient of determination shows the amount of changes. This value is equal to 0. 980, which indicates that the dimensions of emotional intelligence and financial intelligence are explained by 0. 98% by the dimensions of the auditor’ s performance. The most common criterion for testing the significance level of the first focal correlation is the Wilks’ statistic criterion, which according to the obtained significance level (0. 000), it is indicated that the three sets of variables are related to each other.

The purpose of this study is to determine the importance and ranking of internal and external factors affecting fraudulent financial reporting. The statistical population in this study includes members of the Iranian Society of Certified Public Accountants who have characteristics such as teaching experience at the university, having a doctorate, history of professional activity in the profession of auditing and financial management, which according to the restrictions 30 people were considered as a sample. In this research, AHP technique and Expert Choice software have been used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis showed that extra-organizational factors were the first priority in creating fraudulent reporting with a score of 0. 243 and intra-organizational factors were the next priority with a score of 0. 214. Also, according to the research results, from external factors, respectively, factors related to the characteristics of independent auditing, cultural factors, legal and regulatory factors outside the organization, and from internal factors, respectively, professional characteristics and management structure. Behavioral characteristics of management, behavioral and moral characteristics, characteristics related to systemic and human errors have been the most important.

The purpose of this study is to fit the indigenous model of market orientation in the Iranian banking industry. The present study is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and in the first stage, the qualitative method with Strauss-Corbin approach was used to construct the model and in the second stage, the structural equation method was used to test the model. After studying the theoretical foundations of market orientation, designing interview questions, conducting interviews and achieving theoretical saturation, a questionnaire was developed that was 288 items in 59 concepts. In order to check the validity of the final questionnaire, it was distributed among 12 industry and academic experts and after calculating the CVR of items, this value was reduced to 212 items in the form of 58 items. In the qualitative part of the statistical population included prominent banking experts and in the second step, which was the quantitative part of the research, a research questionnaire was distributed among middle managers, senior managers and experts of 33 banks in the country. The results showed that in the qualitative section, 54 concepts obtained were placed in 6 categories including strategies and actions, causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, consequences and central phenomena. Also, according to the software output in the quantitative part, the path coefficient value for the 5 relationships between the components of the model has a positive value, which means that the relationships are direct and only the variable relationship of interfering factors and strategies has a negative sign.

This article aims to investigate the relationship between profitability and corporate reputation to explain the determinants of corporate social responsibility disclosure in Iran. This research has been conducted on companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and based on the information of 127 companies for 2009-2018. In this paper, a multiple regression model in the form of panel data and fixed effects method has been used. The results showed that the company's profitability is a determining factor in disclosing corporate social responsibility in Iran. According to these findings, more profitable companies employed in the capital had better disclosure of social responsibility. The results showed that the company's reputation had not been a determining factor in disclosing corporate social responsibility in Iran. Well-known companies have received the benefits of performing and broadcasting social activities to the desired extent and have reached perfection in this area. Therefore, they do not see the need to disclose current activities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of managerial Entrenchment on profit quality regarding the moderating role of debt maturity in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange,This is a descriptive-correlational study and it is an applied research,The statistical population of the study consisted of all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1392 to 1396,The research data were extracted from corporate financial statements and analyzed by regression models using combined data method,Findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between managerial strength and profit quality and managerial strength does not affect the profit quality of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange due to the moderating role of debt maturity,

Due to the widespread impact of oil price fluctuations on economic sectors of Iran, the reaction of investors who need to understand the exact impact of oil price changes on stock price index returns. Therefore, the purpose of this article, is to reviews the impact of fluctuations in crude oil prices as positive and negative on the stock prices index of the oil, gas and mining services group side except exploration, oil products and nuclear fuel ck, rubber and plastics. Results of this study showed that the positive price fluctuation on the stock index returns of all three groups is the most effective way to effect on equity index oil products group of nuclear fuel, extraction and ck the oil gas exploration and incidental services, except rubber and plastics used; while negative price fluctuations on the stock index of efficiency of oil, gas and mining services group, but affect the exploration side. With regard to the immediate reaction of the test yields a positive shock than to the stock index in the model, the result was that the dynamic response in all three groups to a positive shock is more than to negative stock.

The overall stock market index of listed companies is one of the important criteria in assessing macroeconomics. Among the factors affecting the stock price index are the exchange rate, oil prices and economic growth. In this study, the effect of exchange rate fluctuations, crude oil price and economic growth rate on the total index of Tehran Stock Exchange, during the period of 2009-2018 using monthly data has been studied. Then, to calculate exchange rate fluctuations, oil prices and economic growth, the regression method of conditional variance variance was used and then it was estimated through the generalized model torque model. The results of the model estimate showed that the fluctuations of the total index of Tehran Stock Exchange are affected by exchange rate fluctuations, crude price and economic growth, and among them the total index of a previous period and the exchange rate have a greater impact on the overall stock market index. Leaves securities.