Journal of Health And Care
Year:2019 | Volume:21 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Background & objectives: Quitting smoking significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and other illnesses associated with smoking. Training seems to be effective in motivating cessation of smoking. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of individual and group training on the smoking cessation motivation in coronary artery disease (CAD ) patients admitted to Avesina Hospital in Qazvin. Methods: This study was a semi-experimental study conducted on smoker patients with diagnosis of CAD who were admitted to Avesina Hospital in Qazvin. 255 patients were enrolled in the study through available sampling. Patients were divided into three groups: individual training, group training and control. A standard two-part questionnaire, which included demographic data and a questionnaire of motivation to quit smoking, was used to collect data. The information was collected before training, and four and three months after the completion of the training. Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 24 through descriptive statistic (mean and standard deviation), and chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean of motivation score for smoking cessation before intervention in 3 groups of control, individual and group training were 9. 4± 2. 7, 8. 5± 2. 3, 8. 7± 2. 4, respectively. At the first follow-up (4 weeks after intervention), these amounts in 3 groups of control, individual training and group training were 8. 76± 2. 9, 13. 5± 2. 5, and 5. 2± 14 (p= 0/001) and in the second follow-up (3 months after intervention), were 8. 18± 3. 3, 13. 3± 2. 8 and 14± 2. 7, respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that group training program resulted in increased motivation for smoking cessation. So, designing a group training program can have a significant effect on increasing motivation and creating lasting behavior for smoking cessation in CAD patients.

Background & objectives: Regarding the prevalence of psychological problems in cancer patients, some reports have shown the effectiveness of self-efficacy model to be superior to previous conventional psychological therapies for increasing the well-being of cancer patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate a self-efficacy education model on quality of life in patients with cancer at Urmia Omid hospital. Methods: This was an experimental study with pre and post-test design and control group. The sample included 40 patients with cancer in Omid Hospital, 2018. At first, quality of life test was performed on 250 patients with cancer, and among them 40 patients with poor quality of life were selected. Of these 40 patients, 20 subjects were assigned in each experimental or control group by random assignment. Intervention based on pain self-efficacy was performed in 10 sessions of 90 minutes, one session per week. After the end of sessions, the quality of life test was repeated for two groups. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 21 using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: Data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of post-test in the experimental and control groups (p<0. 01), so that the self-efficacy training improved the performance components of quality of life (physical, role, emotional, cognitive and Social ) in experimental group (p<0. 01). Conclusion: Considering the positive effect of pain self-efficacy training, the use of these capacities and training in planning the mental health interventions is recommended, especially for cancer patients.

Background & objectives: One of the most challenging aspects of being a mother is managing the emotions aroused when caring of a special child. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of attachment to God and emotional maturity in predicting the selfcompassion in mothers of deaf children. Methods: The method of study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all mothers with deaf children aged between 3 and 10 years’ old who referred to rehabilitation centers under the supervision of welfare organization of Ardabil province. The samples included 60 mothers who were selected using convenient sampling method. The research tool was scales for measurement of attachment to God, emotional maturity and selfcompassion. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were used to analyze the data in SPSS software. Results: Results showed that there were significant correlations between attachment to God (r=0. 81, p<0. 001), haven of safety (r=0. 43, p<0. 001), positive perception of God (r=0. 09, p<0. 05) and emotional instability (r=0. 38, p<0. 05) with self-compassion. Regression analysis showed that attachment to God was able to predict 81% of the self-compassion variance in mothers of deaf children. Conclusion: According to the findings, one can conclude that attachment to God and emotional stability are important variables in the mental health of mothers with deaf children. Therefore, the training should be provided to create a secure attachment to God and emotional stability in parents of deaf children.

Background & objectives: Nausea, retching and vomiting are common complications after surgery. Despite the medical treatment, patients still suffer from these complications. The use of non-pharmacological methods can reduce these complications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of inhalation of ginger extract on postoperative nausea, retching and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 70 patients undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Besat hospital of Hamadan. The samples were selected by convenience sampling and then were assigned to two groups of 35 individuals, including ginger extract and placebo groups, by simple random assignment. In ginger group, 6 drops of ginger extract and 1cc of distilled water were poured on a 2×2 gas and placed in a zipper bag and patients were asked to inhale it 3 times/minute during 20 minutes. The intervention in placebo group was similar; with the difference that normal saline serum was used. The severity of nausea in two groups was determined and compared before intervention as well as after 0. 5 and 1 hour, with visual analog scale. The frequency of vomiting and retching was evaluated based on the number of incidence in the 4 first hours after intervention. Data were analyzed by independent T-test and analysis of variance of repeated measures. Results: The results showed a significant reduction in the severity of nausea (p=0. 003), the number of retching (p=0. 036), and vomiting (p=0. 007) times in ginger group compared to placebo group. Conclusions: Inhalation aromatherapy with ginger extract can be used to reduce the postoperative nausea severity and the frequency of retching and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Background & objectives: As people become older, the risk of life with chronic diseases increases, limiting the physical and mental activity of the elderly people and leads to a decline in quality of life. The World Health Organization recommends promoting of self-care for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the level of self-care and related factors in the elderly with chronic diseases referring to specialty clinics of medical-educational centers of Ardabil. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 222 elderly people with chronic diseases (diabetes musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and renal diseases ) referring to the specialty clinics of Imam Khomeini, Fatemi and Alavi Hospitals in Ardabil in 2018 were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and Self-care Ability Scale for the Elderly (SASE ). Finally, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis in SPSS 16 software. Results: 191 elderly people (86%) had unsatisfactory self-care ability and only 31 of them (14%) showed good self-care ability. Elderly woman showed better self-care than men (p=0. 015), while married (p=0. 004), divorced (p=0. 045), and widowed (p=0. 013) patients had poor self-care ability compared to single people. Conclusions: According to the present study, self-care in the elderly with chronic diseases was assessed unsatisfactory, so planning and implementation of self-care promoting programs for elderly people seems necessary.

Background & objectives: Illness perception has a predictive value in the health-related behaviors of people with chronic illness and its impact on quality of life and disease management is important. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between perceived illness and health-related behaviors in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS ). Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was performed on 100 patients with MS selected by convenience sampling in 2017. Data collection tools included demographic information, health related behaviors and a brief illness perception questionnaire (BIPQ ). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including Anova, t-test and linear regression test using SPSS-22 software. Results: The mean age of participants and mean duration of the disease were 33. 43± 8. 53 and 4. 4± 3. 48 years, respectively. The mean illness perception score was 35. 53± 1. 31 (moderate ). Regarding to health-related behaviors, only a quarter of participants had a regular and appropriate level of activity, and behaviors related to alcohol, cigarette and tobacco consumption were in acceptable level. Based on the linear regression test, physical activity (p=0. 007 ) and smoking (p<0. 001)were among the predictors of illness perception. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the illness perception in people with MS was correlated with health-related behaviors. Therefore, efforts to improve the health-related behaviors can promote illness perception in patients with MS.

Background & objectives: Cardio-Pulmonary arrest may occur at any time and any place. Nearly 70% of cases with cardiac arrest occur at home or outside the hospital without access to experienced people for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR ). So if people and family members of patients with heart problems (bystanders) have the ability to perform primary CPR, they can save lifes in the golden hour. This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of family carers of patients with coronary artery disease about CPR. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 family carers of patients with coronary artery disease at cardiac care units of Tabriz hospitals. The samples were selected by convenience sampling method and data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire of knowledge and attitude. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21. Results: The knowledge of most participants was undesirable (56. 3% ). The highest and lowest levels of knowledge were related to "facing with disease" and "time of chest cardic massage", respectively. In terms of attitude, most participants (52. 1% ) had a negative attitude toward resuscitation, and most (79. 1% ) believed that the patient should survive as much as possible. Conclusion: According to inadequate knowledge and negative attitude of most participants, the community-based education courses with a simple language is recommendedto increase the awareness and develop a positive attitude toward CPR in families of patients with coronary artery disease.

Background & objectives: Nurses, as the main members of the care and treatment teams, are at the forefront of health care provision and their performance largely determine the quality of health care. Moral distress can have many physical and psychological consequences in nurses and negatively affect their professional responsibilities. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of moral distress in nurses of emergency department of Ardabil hospitals in 2016. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 175 nurses, working in the emergency department of hospitals in Ardabil city, who were selected using a census sampling. The data gathering tools were demographic questionnaire and moral distress questionnaire for nurses. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and frequency ) and inferential statistics (one-way ANOVA ) were used to analyze the data. Results: The findings indicated that mean and standard deviation of moral distress in nurses of emergency departments were in moderate level (1. 87± 0. 89). Moral distress in nurses of emergency departments was higher than other departments in terms of non-observance of ethical principles (2. 00± 1. 02 ). Among evaluated variables, there were significant positive correlations between service record, work shift, employment status and type of hospital with moral distress (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Regarding to moderate moral distress level in emergency nurses participating in this study, the managers of the organization should adopt the necessary methods and measures to identify the symptoms and detect the factors affecting the moral distress of nurses.