Journal of Paramedical Science and Rehabilitation
Year:2021 | Volume:10 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

Purpose: The current study investigates the effect of hyperopic orthokeratology lenses (Boston XO) in correction of presbyopia based on the Monovision technique. Methods: This is a clinical trial study. Eleven individuals (have been recruited for this study, after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The initial examinations were carried out for ordering the contact lenses. After complete training of how to use the contact lens, fluorescein pattern was evaluated for centrality and proper fitting. Participants were asked to wear the lens for seven nights on the non-dominant eye. In the morning of 1th and 7th days, one hour after the lens removal, examinations were repeated. We conducted the initial examination and repeated them in day one and day seven after use of the lens and after one week wash out, in day fourteen. The changes in refraction, visual acuity, corneal thickness and corneal curvature were evaluated. Analysis was performed using the analysis method of variance with duplicate measurement and Bonferroni follow-up test at the error level of 5% with use of SPSS version 24. Results: Statistical population of this study was include of people between 43-50 years old, without any problem in visual acuity for distance that need correction for near. In tested eye, central thickness of the cornea was increased in 1th and 7th day. Also the central curvature were steeper and the peripheral curvature were flatter and the amount of myopia were increased. These changes were significant in 1th and 7th days and return to initial amount in 14th day. Conclusion: Hyperopic orthokeratology lenses (Boston Xo) could be considered as an option for correction of presbyopia in monovision technique.

Purpose: Functional ankle instability is one of the most common residual and debilitating symptoms of acute ankle sprain which usually makes the athlete to be out of training program for a while. This study aimed to investigate the effect of four weeks core stability training on some lower extremity kinematics variables in athletes with functional ankle instability during a single-leg drop landing task Method: In this semi-experimental research, study population included 24 athletes with functional ankle which were divided into two experimental (n=12), and control (n=12) groups. To assess the drop-landing task with functional instability foot, 240 Hz frequency motion analysis system was used. The recorded movements were analyzed by Nexus 2. 6 version. The hip, knee, and ankle angles were extracted on the sagittal plane, and finally, repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni posthoc were used to compare two groups (p≤ 0. 05). Result: There was no significant difference in the angle of the ankle after four weeks training (p≥ 0. 05). However, in the angle of the hip and knee were found a significant difference from pretest to post-test (p≤ 0. 05) Conclusion: The results indicated that four weeks core stability training improves kinematics of landing in athletes with functional ankle instability, and it seems that these exercises can be a method of preventing re-injury of the ankle.

Purpose: Narrative analysis is a practical tool for comprehensive assessment of language, especially in preschoolers. The main aim of the current study was to analysis narratives of preschool children with cochlear implant (CI) and comparing it with typically developing (TD) children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the language performances of eighteen 6-7 years old children with CI and 18 TD children were compared by application of a standardized story retelling test. Inclusion criteria for participants with CI were: being monolingual speaker of Persian; having congenital and non-progressive hearing loss; experiencing the surgery of cochlear implantation before the age 4 and a having history of auditory-verbal therapy. Each of the participants of control group were matched with one participant in CI group in terms of age, gender and socioeconomic status. The mean and standard deviation of the scores of the variables were calculated. The mean and standard deviation of the macro-structure and micro-structure variables were calculated in all participants. Independent t-test non-parametric test of Mann-Whitney, was used to compare the results. Results: The mean scores of CI group in both macro and micro structures of language were significantly lower than the TD group (p <0. 05). Conclusion: The significant weaknesses of children with cochlear implant at both macrostructure and microstructure aspects of language, alongsid the importance of narrative skills as the predictor of academic performnces, indicates the need to pay more attention to narrative based therapy in the training programs of these children, especially before entering the school.

Purpose: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system that focuses on the elderly age group and affects their quality of life (QOL). Therefore، finding a way to reduce symptoms of this disease is necessary. Effects of laughter therapy on improvement of many diseases have been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Laughter Yoga (LY) on QOL in female patients with PD. Methods: Twenty– four female patients with PD (stages 3-1 based on Yan and Yahr scale) voluntarily participated in this study. They were randomly assigned into experimental (mean ± SD، age 52. 6 ± 6. 8 years، weight 61. 1 ± 7. 8 kg، height 157/8± 4/3cm) and control (age 55. 5 ± 6. 7 years، weighing 67 ± 6. 8 kg، height 158. 4± 5. 5 cm) groups. In addition to pharmacotherapy، the experimental group received 8 weeks of LY (3 sessions per week، each session lasting 45 minutes)، while the control group did not follow any effective physical activity. The patient’ s QOL was evaluated using Quality of life questionnaire (PDQL) in the beginning and the end of study. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test at 5% error level using SPSS 22 software. Results: The data analysis showed that the mean score of quality of life in the experimental group was significantly increased after the intervention (p<0. 001)، but in the control group the mean score of patients in the post-test compared to the pre-test was significantly lower (p = 0. 007). Also، after intervention، the mean score of quality of life in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0. 001)، but there was no significant difference between two groups before the intervention (p = 0. 863). Conclusions: It can be concluded that LY has a positive effect on improving quality of life in patients with PD، therefore it can be suggested as a good modality for these patients.

Purpose: Ankle sprain is one of the most common sports injuries. While the effects of static constraints in stabilizing the ankle joint are relatively well understood, those of dynamic constraints are less clear and require further investigation. The purpose of this study was to compare kinematic variables of ankle joint in athletes with functional ankle instability, Coper and healthy during running. Methods: 75 athletes were randomly divided into 3 groups of functional ankle instability (age: 24. 04± 4. 42 years, height: 182. 20± 6. 63 cm, weight: 73. 96± 7. 06 kg), Coper (age: 25. 56± 4. 96 years, height: 185. 44± 6. 97 cm, weight: 77. 44± 7. 03 kg) and healthy (age: 26. 40± 4. 71 years, height: 183. 72± 6. 52 cm, weight: 74. 26± 6. 56 kg). Subjects were asked to run on a treadmill at a speed of 10 km / h for 30 seconds. Kinematic data were recorded using a 3D optic track camera and then used with MATLAB to construct a dynamic model and analyze the data. To compare three groups, one-way analysis of variance test with a significance level of 0. 05 with SPSS software was used. Results: The present study showed that there was a significant difference in dorsiflexion and ankle inversion between the three groups at the moment of initial contact (p≤ 0/05). Also, the results of the Toki follow-up test showed that there was no significant difference between the Coper and healthy groups in the dorsiflexion and inversion (p≥ 0/05). Conclusion: The results showed that functional ankle instability group had less dorsiflexion and more inversion than Coper and healthy group at the moment of initial contact. There was also no significant difference between Coper and healthy groups in dorsiflexion and inversion. Therefore, athletes' strategy of functional ankle instability has altered and the focus of rehabilitation protocols should be on the kinematics of ankle joint in functional activities to prevent recurrent sprain.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of audio transformation therapy with a cognitive information processing approach on improvement of children with cognitive dyslexia. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. To select study population, 140 students of 7-9 years old with special learning disabilities who had referred to Yeganeh center of Savojbolagh in Alborz province in the academic year of 1397-98 were used. Among these students, 60 patients with dyslexia were selected using the available sampling method, from which 20 students had auditory learning style. Then they were randomly assigned into two examination (10) and control (10) groups. Wechsler IV test, VAK Questionnaire form made by Lilinfeld (2011), reading disorder test made by the researcher and case history form were used in this research. Thereafter, the training sessions were held within two months (15 sessions of 90 minutes) for examination group using ISHINR, Cognitive Information Processing (CIP), Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) and Auditory Learning Style while the control group did not receive any training. At the end of the treatment sessions and 8 weeks after that, the students in both groups were re-evaluated. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test at a level of 5% error using version 22nd of SPSS software. Results: The results showed that auditory transformation therapy with a cognitive information processing approach caused a significant increase in symbol reading, image reading, comprehension and verbal expression in the post-test and follow-up in comparison with the pre-test. Also, after performing auditory transformational therapy, symbol reading, image reading, comprehension and verbal expression in the examination group was significantly greater than the control group. While before treatment, there were not significant differences. Conclusions: Auditory transformation therapy with a cognitive information processing approach is effective in treating cognitive dyslexia.

Purpose: The staff of angiography departments is exposed to ionizing radiation for a long time every day. Due to the destructive effects of these radiations on people and their next generations, the knowledge of the radiation protection principles has an important role in reducing the biological effects of radiation. In this study, the radiation staff's knowledge about the radiation protection standards in angiography departments of Mashhad educational hospitals is investigated. Methods: A researcher-made questionnaire, including demographic information and technical questions about the knowledge of radiation protection principles, rules, and also observation of this principles, were completed by the angiography departments' radiation staff of educational hospitals of Mashhad. Results: The mean score of the radiation staff's knowledge was estimated as %52. 31± %12. 21. The results showed a significant positive and moderate correlation between the score of knowledge and person's work experience. The knowledge score of staff with "the minimum exposure time to the radiation" was more than the other group that did not follow the minimum exposure time to the radiation. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the knowledge of angiography department staff was relatively low, which was especially evident in people with less work experience. Considering that all participants in this study declared that the holding of training workshops related to this subject is necessary, therefore, purposeful planning should be performed to hold retraining classes continuously.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of ground reaction forces and electromyography activities in healthy children with cerebral palsy while walking. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental. Study population included 12 boys with cerebral palsy and 12 healthy boys with age range of 6-10 years. The force plate (Kistler) was used to record ground reaction forces during walking. A wireless electromyography system with 8 pairs of dipole surface electrodes was also used to record Electromyography activity of selected lower limb muscles during walking. Results: The results showed that the frequency with 99. 5% power (P=0. 004) and number of anterior-posterior essential harmonics of the cerebral palsy group compared to the healthy group were 41. 58% and 32. 83% higher, respectively. The frequency with 99. 5% power in ertical direction was 40. 94% higher in cerebral palsy group compared to healthy group (P = 0. 004). Frequency with 99. 5% power in the component of free torque in cerebral palsy group was 27. 57% more than control group. Mean frequency of anterior tibialis muscle, internal gastrocnemius, biceps femoris and medial serine in the cerebral palsy group compared with the healthy group were 31. 67%, 19. 63%, 21. 96% and 26. 70% lower, respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that the median frequency of lower limb muscles was lower in children with cerebral palsy than in healthy children. It can be stated that the frequency spectrum content of ground reaction forces and electromyography activities is of clinical value. Therefore, the application of therapeutic interventions to improve the frequency spectrum indices of ground reaction forces and electromyography activities in children with cerebral palsy is suggested.

Purpose: Digital imaging method or photogrammetry technique has been considered as an alternative and complementary method of X-ray in posture evaluation by researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of digital photogrammetry in determining the degree of thoracic hyperkyphosis and lumbar hyperlordosis in Iranian adolescent girls and boys. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study with a validity and reliability study design. Subjects were 40 adolescent boys and girls with thoracic hyperkyphosis and lumbar hyperlordosis (age 15. 32± 2. 57, height 163. 17± 9. 72, weight 57. 32± 7. 10). All subjects were referred to the Integrated rehabilitation center of Iranian Red Crescent by a spine specialist for receiving rehabilitations services and were included in the study population based on inclusion criteria. To determine the concurrent validity of the digital photogrammetry method, the measured values were compared with the radiographic images of the subjects to assess the degrees of hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis curves. Also, to evaluate the reliability of this method, all measurements were compared within 24 to 48 hours after the first imaging. Results: The results showed that digital photogrammetry method had acceptable validity to determine the degree of thoracic hyperkyphosis (p=0. 001, r=0. 64) and lumbar hyperlordosis (p=0. 001, r=0. 58) compared to radiography. Also, the photogrammetry method had high interrater reliability in determining the degree of thoracic hyperkyphosis (p=0. 001, r=0. 96) and lumbar hyperlordosis (p=0. 001, r=0. 87). Conclusion: It seems that the digital photogrammetry method has a valuable validity and reliability for measuring spinal curvatures and specialists can probably use this method to reduce the number of X-rays needed as follow-up in the treatment of those with hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis abnormalities.

Purpose: The international drug classification systems are very helpful tools in the managing process of drugs and drug related information. This narrative review study aims to survey and compare the characteristics and applications of these systems. Methods: In order to identify the international drug classification systems, a search was done in 2019 and in various sources, including PubMed and Scopus databases, as well as Google Scholar search engine, drug databases, specialized websites and electronic files containing information about the system. The search strategy consists of the keywords Drug, Classification system, Coding system and International along with their synonyms. Systems were entered into the study for which information was available. These systems were examined and compared in terms of release date, classification domain, developer organization, basic framework, system structure, code structure and updating period. The main applications of these systems were also extracted. Results: The search resulted in 10 international drug classification systems, ATC/DDD, ATCvet, HerbalATC, AT-EphMRA, NFC, AHFS, PCNE, UNSPSC, ICPM and ICD-10. Forty percent of systems, classify certain groups of medicines or specific drug information such as herbal medicines, veterinary medicines, medication forms, and drug related problems. All of these systems have been developed by authoritative international organizations and have hierarchical structure. The most significant applications of these systems are to identify drug products, monitor and compare medication usage and study drug related problems. Conclusion: The international drug classification systems have been developed to classify different drug groups and their information. However, none of them comprehensively cover all the drug information. Therefore, the development of a comprehensive international drug classification system can be a good way to use these systems more effectively in drug management.