SAREM JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH (SAREM JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE)
Year:2020 | Volume:5 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

Background and aims: We have encountered many epidemics such as HIV, SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome corona viruses, Ebola virus, Zika and recently SARS-Cov-2. All these epidemics resulted from an animal to human transmission, during all these epidemics, absence of rapid and accurate molecular diagnostic testing has threatened the public health. Most tests for early detection of SARSCOV-2 RNA rely on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, but isothermal mediated amplification assays and CRISPER based methods are thriving alternatives. Identification of individuals who have activated antibodies to the SARS COV-2 virus requires serological tests including enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and lateral flow immunoassay and they can be used as complementary tests in complex cases. This report is an overview of current development in COVID 19 molecular genetic techniques and future improvement and innovation. Conclusion: There is an ongoing race to develop more efficient laboratory techniques and cost-effective, point-of-care test kits that can be used in large scale. While RT-PCR has been the dominant technique for detection of viral RNA, other nucleic acid assays such as isothermal amplification assays, hybridization microarray assays, amplicon-based metagenomics sequencing, and recently CRISPR-related technologies are also under development.

Aims: Sperm freezing is most usable of method for the protection of reproductive performance in men who undergo gonadotoxic therapy such as chemotherapy or radiation treatment, or for the treatment of diseases such as infertility, autoimmune diseases and/or diabetes. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle has potent anticancer and antioxidant effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of various concentrations of this nanoparticle on sperm freezing. Methods: sixteen semen samples of normal human referred to Royan Center, were evaluated in 8 Fresh and Freeze and control groups. Groups included: Three fresh experimental groups were only exposed to ZnO nanoparticle with concentrations of 40, 80 and 100 ppm and were analyzed half an hour later. Three freezing experimental groups were frozen after included concentrations of ZnO nanoparticle and thawed and analyzed half an hour later. Two control groups including control 1: were analyzed half an hour after exposure in culture and control 2: half an hour after freezing were thawed and analyzed. Count, morphology, motility, viability and PH of sperm were evaluated. Findings: The results showed that 100 ppm concentration of ZnO nanoparticle had the best protective effect on sperm pH, survival, and motility in freezing process. Conclusion: ZnO nanoparticle at a concentration of 100 ppm can maintain pH, motility and survival of sperm in the freezing process.

Aims: The use of stem cells has been able to treat patients with genetic and induced abnormalities and diseases such as non-obstructive azoospermia. Today, more attention has been paid to self-induced induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of estrogen with retinoic acid on the differentiation of mouse iPSCs towards female germ cells. Methods: In this study, mouse embryonic fibroblast cells were extracted as feeding cells and inactivated. The target groups were adjusted for estrogen with retinoic acid at intervals of days 0, 4 and 7. Expression of these genes was performed by Real Time PCR technique. Results: In this study, the expression of genes such as Stra8, Stella, Ddx4 and GDF9 was evaluated. Real-time data showed that the expression of these genes increased in estrogen group on day 4 of embryoid bodies culture, while the differences were not significant on other days. Conclusion: It is very difficult to control the differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) and the role of estrogen was carefully investigated in vitro in this study. Evidence suggests that female germ cells can differentiate from miPSCs in vitro. Treatment of cells with estrogen showed a greater effect on the differentiation process on day 4.

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of biofeedback and neuromuscular stimulation of pelvic floor muscles in improving endometrial thickness in women with thin endometrium. Methodology: Of 62 women with a thin endometrium (less than or equal to 6 mm) recommended for frozen embryo transfer, 32 underwent biofeedback and neuromuscular stimulation by a vaginal probe in addition to receiving routine treatment (as in the control group). Findings: The women included in this study were 31 and 32 in the control and intervention groups. In general, the results showed that the endometrial thickness increased in each group, but in the group treated with biofeedback and neuromuscular stimulation, the thickness increased more. There was a significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment in increasing thickness. There is also a significant difference in the success rate of frozen embryo transfer between the two groups, which is higher in the group treated with biofeedback and neuromuscular stimulation. On the other hand, more in the intervention group, their pregnancy test was positive after the transfer of frozen embryos. Conclusion: Treatment of functional electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor muscles can be effective in improving the increase in endometrial thickness.

Aims: The usage of antidepressants and sedatives such as lorazepam can cause side effects, including temporary or permanent infertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lorazepam on the ovaries and ovulation of adult female Balb/C mice. Methods: 75 adult female mice were studied in 5 groups and 15 mice in each group. Lorazepam drug injection was done intraperitoneally (IP) by selecting a fixed dose of 2 mg/kg. bw for three groups at three different times. The study groups were included: the first experimental group for 5 days, the second experimental group for 10 days and the third experimental group for 15 days’ injection, sham group (distilled water injection) and control group (without injection). The day after the last injection, the mice were carefully dissected and their ovaries were removed for tissue examination. Results: Parameters such as animal weight, high and small diameter of ovary, the follicles number of primary, secondary, growing and graph and corpus luteum were significantly decreased by duration increasing of drug injection in experimental groups in compared with control group (P<0. 05). There was a significant increase in parameters such as the number of destructive follicles and folded zona pellucida compared to the control group. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that the use of lorazepam for a long time had a destructive effect on female mice ovaries.

Aims: Inappropriate administration of antibiotics, in addition to increasing costs and drug reactions, can lead to the spread of resistant bacterial infections. Some studies have suggested that preoperative antibiotics are effective in reducing surgical infection. Other studies have shown that there is no difference between prescribing one-dose and three-dose antibiotics after surgery. Due to the lack of agreement on the use or non-use of antibiotics after surgery, the present study was performed to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics after elective cesarean section in reducing the rate of infection. Material and methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 63 patients who were candidates for elective cesarean section received a dose of antibiotics (Cefazolin, 2g, intravenous injection) one hour before surgery. They were then randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group (n=37) received three doses of antibiotics (Cefazolin, 2g every 6h, intravenous injection), while the control group (n=26) did not receive any postoperative antibiotics. Patients were followed up for 40 days after surgery and the effectiveness of these two methods in preventing infection was investigated. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention group and the control group in any of the parameters of age, weight, height and body mass index. Also, there was no significant difference between the rate of infection after cesarean section between the group receiving antibiotics and the control group (P> 0. 05). Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that receiving antibiotics after the cesarean section has no effect on the prevention of surgical infection. According to the results of this study, as well as the increase in microbial resistance to antibiotics and treatment costs, antibiotics can be discontinued after elective cesarean section.

Introduction: Embryonic development of the gastrointestinal tract is a very complex process and therefore the number of congenital malformations of the fetus is reported to be numerous and varied. The most common site for atresia, after the esophagus, is the duodenum. Duodenal atresia is the congenital absence or complete blockage of a part of the duodenal lumen. This atresia is seen in perinatal examinations as polyhydramnios in pregnancy ultrasounds. Early detection of intestinal obstruction is essential to prevent further complications. Patient Information: The present study is a case report of a 34-week-old preterm infant weighing 1980g, resulting from cesarean delivery with Apgar 8 and 9, who was diagnosed as duodenal atresia in prenatal examinations. The patient was a candidate for surgery on the day after birth, who suffered from severe gastric bleeding on the same day and was rushed to the operating room. In the operating room, due to severe bleeding and hypotension, with great effort by the anesthesiologist, the infant was intubated and subsequently, the infant underwent gastrotomy and blood clots were removed. There was oozing of blood from the mucosal surface. Then, duodenodenodenostomy surgery was performed, which continued after bleeding into the stomach, so in these conditions, several solutions such as total gastrectomy, pacing, and vagotomy were proposed. The infant underwent anterior-posterior truncal vagotomy. Gastric bleeding was controlled immediately after vagotomy. Because vagotomy can cause the pyloric constriction, gastrojejunostomy is also performed on the baby. The infant was discharged in good general condition without any complications after spending time in the neonatal intensive care unit. Conclusion: Severe gastrointestinal bleeding is a very rare occurrence in duodenal atresia. In this situation, a gastrectomy can be considered and performed, which will be associated with many problems in the future. In adults, a vagotomy with a vascular contraction mechanism is used to control gastric bleeding. However, no case has been reported in the control of gastrointestinal bleeding in infants. In this case, for the first time, neonatal vagotomy was performed despite special technical subtleties, which was also accompanied by excellent therapeutic results.