SAREM JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH (SAREM JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE)
Year:2021 | Volume:5 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic is an extraordinary global situation, and all countries have adopted their own strategies to diminish and eliminate the spread of the virus. Scientifc societies, such as the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology and American Society for Reproductive Medicine, have provided recommendations and guidance to overcome on infection in patients who undergo IVF treatments. Although there is as yet no evidence that the virus causing COVID-19 might have negative effects on IVF outcomes, but in order to support healthcare systems fertility treatments have been postponed approximately. Methods: In this review paper, included studies were investigated in Persian and English databases, such as SID, PubMed, Google scholar, Science direct, Embase, and Scopus, as well as clinical protocols and reports of reputable health organizations during 2000 to 2021 that related with different types of coronaviruses. The search terms were "Pregnancy", "Coronavirus", "novel Coronavirus", "Covid-19", "female reproductive system", and "IVF" that collectively, 21 studies were evaluated in this study. Conclusion: Due to the global prevalence of this virus, protocols, health care and preventive measures should be taught at the community level in the relationship wiht fertility and infertility centers, and monitoring systems should be considered to this disease, so that these persons can be specifically monitored and followed up during pregnancy.

Introduction: Fetal hydrothorax or lymphatic fluid accumulation is a rare congenital disorder in the fetal period that can tend to hydrops fetalis or premature labor if left untreated. Timely diagnosis and thoracentesis or thoracoamniotic shunt during an embryonic period can reduce these complications. Fetal hydrothorax has different etiology, such as chromosomal abnormalities. We report this case study of a fetus with hydrothorax and chromosomal translocation t (2; 10) (q33; q11. 2) de novo. Case presentation: A pregnant woman with a 29-week gestational age, following fetal sonography showed bilateral hydrothorax with mediastinum shifts to the left side. She had no history of any specific disease, and other maternal and fetal screenings were normal in terms of anomalies. With regards to the high volume of pleural effusion and shift of heart and mediastinum to the left hemithorax, thoracentesis in the fetus was done and the fluid inside the pleura was drained. The karyotype of the amniotic fluid showed a translocation between chromosomes 2 and 10 as t (2; 10) (q33; q11. 2) de novo. Conclusion: Chromosomal abnormalities are one of the important causes of hydrothorax in the fetal period. Aneuploidy and in particular 45, X are the most common causes in the development of fetal hydrothorax. Translocation t (2; 10) (q33; q11. 2) is a rare chromosomal disorder and was arisen de novo in the fetus. Both parents had normal karyotypes. It is possible that mutations of genes in the translocation breakpoint loci or other chromosomes could have contributed to this anomaly in the fetus. Therefore, in the case of fetal hydrothorax, both numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities should be investigated.

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hyperandrogenic disorders in the fertility age. In patients suffering from this disease, etiologies and clinical manifestations such as insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperandrogenism of insulin resistance are seen. According to statistics, about 50 to 70 percent of women with this syndrome have different degrees of insulin resistance that it is most important in term of common health of these subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of insulin resistance in a number of patients with PCOS referred to Sarem Hospital in 2020-A2021. Martial and methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a convenience sampling method among PCOS patients with an age range of 27 to 30 years referred to the infertility special clinic. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS software version 19. Results: A total of 162 subjects with PCOS in sonography were entries in this study. The test of insulin resistance evaluation was performed in a fixed method in A87 of them and the rest were excluded from research due to incomplete records. In this research, the prevalence of insulin resistance was 69. 3%. Conclusion: The prevalence of insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome in this study was almost consistent with the maximum of presented statistics in previous studies and it is necessary to consider this point in the treatment of these patients.

Aims: The Investigation of vitamin D3 serum levels has been considered researched in order to assess the risk of osteoporosis in medical research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum level of vitamin D3 and its correlation with serum calcium level in patients referred to Sarem Hospital in Tehran. Instruments & Methods: This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on all groups of patients (n=33377) referring to Sarem Hospital during the period of 2015-2018. Serum calcium levels were measured by cresolphthalene method and the electrochemical luminescence method was used to measure serum level of vitamin D3. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 24 and MedCalc version A15. 8 and Pearson's correlation test was used. Findings: The mean age of the subjects in this research was 27. 56± 19. 43 years old. The concentrations mean of blood calcium and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 in the whole population was 9. 80± 0. 60 mg/dl and 24. 67± 16. 94 ng/ml respectively. The amount of vitamin D3 in the subjects under 16 years was 37. 56± 20. 30 ng/ml. An inverse and negative correlation between age with vitamin D3 amounts (r=-0. 459; P=0. 0001) and a positive correlation between age and amount of calcium (r=0. 124; P=0. 0001) was observed. There was a correlation of significant positive, but weak between the amounts of vitamin D3 and calcium (r=0. 203; P=0. 0001). Also, it was shown that the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D3 was 40. 35% in people under 16 years. The distribution of calcium and vitamin D3 data in the statistical population was according to the non-normal distribution pattern. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D3 is high in Iran. In total, there was a weak correlation between serum calcium and vitamin D3 levels.

Introduction: Diabetes can have adverse effects on spermatogenesis. The onion plant (Allium Cepa) contains many antioxidants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic functions of onion seed hydroalcoholic extract on histopathological changes of prostate ventral lobe in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with streptozotocin. Methods: In this experimental study, diabetes was induced in the animals using streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg). Fifty rats were equally divided into five groups as follows: Groups 1, nondiabetic (normal) controls received only 0. 1 ml normal saline via gastric gavage; group 2, diabetic controls induced by streptozotocin; groups 3 and 4 were diabetic rats that received 200 and 400 mg/kg B. W of Allium Cepa seed extract by gavage for 4 weeks and Group 5, diabetic animals that received streptozotocin plus insulin in dose 3U/100g B. W. At the end of this study, rats were anesthetized, and the ventral prostatic lobe was removed and processed for histological studies. Then, blood sugar and histopathology changes were analyzed and compared. Findings: The administration of 200 and 400 mg/kg doses of onion seed extract could recover duct epithelium height of the ventral prostatic lobe in streptozotocindiabetic rats from 2. 37 ± 1. 00 to 6. 10 ± 1. 19 μ m. Also, consumption of this extract with a dose of 200 mg/kg had hypoglycemia effects in diabetic rats. Conclusion: The consumption of the onion seed extract can reduce harmful effects of the streptozotocin histopathology in the ventral prostatic lobe of diabetic rats.

Aneuploidy is considered to be the most common chromosomal disorder and is the most common disorder during IVF treatment. In patients with recurrent abortion that present normal karyotype, preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) has been advised for exploring the presence of aneuploidy which decline abortion rate and result to a higher rate of a healthy pregnancy and live birth. There are various debatable indications for preimplantation genetic screening; the first indication of PGS is maternal age. The genetic material biopsy steps for performing PGS is one of these three techniques; biopsy of the polar body, blastomere in the cleavage stage, and trophectoderm in the blastocyst stage. Three types of protocols are used for controlled ovarian stimulation: the long-term GnRH agonist, the GnRH antagonist protocol, and the microsimulation protocol. There are various techniques for genetic screening, the most recent one is the "fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)" technique for aneuploidy screening; other techniques include "comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), “ single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)” , “ quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)", and “ next-generation sequencing technology (NGS)” . The aim of this study is to investigate the implementation of PGS and different aspects of this technique to improve pregnancy outcomes. With the possibility of access to assisted reproductive technology and the possibility of oocyte screening and selection of normal oocytes, it is believed that the birth rate of a normal child in couples will increase. Infertility treatment is a costly process and many couples are affected by that. But its beneficial information can help make clinical decisions, and it can be recommended to couples if it improves the outcome of pregnancy, increases the number of live births, and reduces pregnancy loss.

Introduction & Objective: Organizational factors are one of the main causes of unsafe practices and inappropriate conditions of working environment. Where a technical defect or a simple human error alone cannot be used as an explanation for the occurrence of accidents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational structure dimensions and safety and health status in stone industries. Methods: This descriptive study was performed in stone industry factories of Mahmoud Abad industrial town of Isfahan in year 2020. For data collection, it used Robins organizational structure standard questionnaire and ELMERI safety and health checklist. The sample size consisted of 90 stone factories. After collecting information, the score of each questionnaire was calculated and converted on the basis of 100. For quantitative variables, independent t-test and ANOVA tests were used. Chi-square test was used for qualitative variables. For multivariate analysis, multiple linear regression analysis was carried out. Results: The coefficient of linear correlation between overall score of organizational structure with safety situation for Saab and Ghulebor stations were-0. 348 and-0. 232 (P<0. 05), respectively. At Saab station, the highest number of cases was related to safe behaviors with an average of 74. 4 and the lowest was industrial health with an average of 45. 8. At Ghulebor station, score of 65. 6 was related to fire safety and first aid, industrial health had a score of 45. 8. The highest linear correlation at Ghulebor and Saab station was between safety and health with recognition (-0. 531) (-0. 626). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed safety and health can be improved by modifying the organizational structure. Organizations with horizontal and vertical complexity, focus, instructions, formal correspondence, rules and regulations have a greater impact on safety and health status.

Background and Aims: Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique for abdominal and gynecological surgeries. To access the internal organs through the abdominal wall, a special tool called a trocar is used. The trocar enters the abdomen using a variety of techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and possible complications of trocar insertion into the abdomen for gynecological laparoscopy using the "Z-entry" method. Methods: From March 2018 to March 2020, 435 patients underwent laparoscopic gynecological surgery in Sarem specialized hospital. The consequences of trocar entering the abdomen with the "Z-entry" technique, including visceral injury, vascular injury, umbilical hernia, hematoma, massive hemorrhage, infection, and mortality induced by trocar insertion, were evaluated. The results were analyzed and reported in the form of descriptive statistics and frequency distribution tables with SPSS statistical software. Findings: This study showed that the rate of complications and problems due to insertion of trocar by "Z-entry" method was very low in these patients. They were comprised of one case of infection (0. 2%), one case of hematoma (0. 2%), one case of trocar entry into blood vessels (0. 2 %) and two cases (0. 4%) of trocar entry into the viscera. However, no case of umbilical hernia, massive hemorrhage, and death induced by trocar insertion was found. Conclusion: Insertion of trocar by the "Z-entry" method in laparoscopic gynecological surgeries is associated with minimal problems and complications and therefore this technique can be used as a safe method to insert trocar into the abdomen in laparoscopic surgeries.