INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
Year:2025 | Volume:16 | Issue:9|Papers Count:5

Background: Physical inactivity is related to the development of functional dyspepsia (FD),however, the available evidence about association between physical activity (PA) levels with risk of FD is scarce and indecisive. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate this association in enormous number of Iranian adult people. Methods: This study was conducted on 4763 general public adults in Isfahan, Iran. The data of the present study are collected from SEPAHAN study of Isfahan city. The PA levels were estimated using general practice physical activity questionnaire (GPPAQ). The presence of FD was explored using a modified Persian version of the ROME III questionnaire. In addition, the association of PA and FD according to diagnostic symptoms including postprandial fullness, early satiation, and epigastric pain separately was analyzed. Results: Totally, 22. 2% (n = 748) of study participants had FD. Participants were classified to two groups based on their daily physical activity: 1. moderately inactive and inactive and 2. moderately active and active. Participants those have lower levels of physical activity were more likely to have functional dyspepsia compared with those who had higher level of activity (OR = 1. 29,95% CI: 1. 09-1. 53, P value: 0. 004). Low-level physical activity tended to be associated with an increased prevalence of FD in women (OR = 1. 23,95%, CI: 0. 98-1. 54, P value: 0. 06). After controlling for all confounders, we found that subjects with low PA were 16% more likely to have epigastric pain (OR = 1. 16,95% CI: 1. 00-1. 34, P value: 0. 03) and early satiation (OR = 1. 27,95% CI: 1. 07-1. 47, P value: 0. 005) compared with those who had high-level PA. Conclusions: Conclusively, in fully adjusted models, there was marginally significant association between PA level and FD.

Background: First-year university students often face challenges in adapting to new academic, social, and living environments, which can lead to significant lifestyle changes and negatively impact their sleep quality (SQ) and overall quality of life (QoL). However, these issues remain insufficiently explored, particularly in low-and middle-income contexts,therefore, this study aims to examine the relationships among social support, lifestyle behaviors, SQ, and QoL among first-year students in Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to August 2022 involving 1, 201 students from six universities within the Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Participants completed a structured questionnaire assessing socio-demographic characteristics, personal health behaviors, SQ using the Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS), and QoL with the EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) scale. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participants’ characteristics, health status, and lifestyle behaviors. Multivariate linear regression models with stepwise selection were employed to identify factors associated with SQ and QoL. Results: The study found that 40. 1% of participants experienced sleep disturbances, with those affected reporting a significantly lower QoL (mean EQ-5D-5L: 0. 86) compared to those without disturbances (mean EQ-5D-5L: 0. 96). Poor lifestyle behaviors, including increased alcohol consumption and internet use, were prevalent among students facing sleep disruptions. Conversely, higher perceived social support was associated with improved QoL and SQ. Conclusions: This research highlights the concerning prevalence of sleep disturbances and unhealthy lifestyle practices among first-year students, emphasizing social support’s critical role in promoting better health outcomes. Interventions aimed at enhancing social support and addressing detrimental behaviors are essential for improving QoL and SQ in this demographic, particularly during their transition to university life.

Children are extremely vulnerable to secondhand smoke (SHS) and this is mainly because their lungs and airways are still growing, making them more sensitive to the harmful chemicals. The available scientific and clinical evidence has demonstrated an association between exposure to SHS and the development of multiple cardiovascular diseases and conditions. Acknowledging the wide number of cardiovascular diseases and conditions that have been attributed to exposure to SHS, it is the need of the hour to implement targeted public health measures to reduce the exposure among children. In conclusion, exposure to SHS has been linked with the development of varied cardiovascular ailments. Considering the presence of multiple challenges that act as a barrier in minimizing the exposure to SHS among children, there is an urgent need to adopt a comprehensive approach supported by policies, legal enforcement, and community efforts.

Background: Obesity imposes a heavy burden on healthcare systems and society. Despite various treatment options, choosing cost-effective pharmacological interventions remains a key concern for health policymakers. This study systematically reviews economic evaluations of antiobesity drugs, comparing their costs and outcomes with those of lifestyle interventions. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase) were searched for full economic evaluations of FDA-approved antiobesity drugs, including semaglutide, liraglutide, tirzepatide, phentermine-topiramate, and orlistat. Inclusion criteria required studies to report cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, or cost-benefit outcomes. Data on incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), quality-adjusted life years (QALY), or disability-adjusted life years (DALY) were extracted and adjusted to 2024 USD using PPP. Study quality was assessed using CHEERS 2022. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Most used Markov models and cost-effectiveness analyses. The review of articles showed that 60% of the articles were conducted in the United States of America, 33. 33% of the articles in Europe, and 6. 66% of the articles in Australia. Among the reviewed studies, semaglutide was found to be the most cost-effective and clinically effective drug in most scenarios. Phentermine-topiramate showed acceptable cost-effectiveness, particularly in low-resource settings. Orlistat and naltrexone-bupropion were also considered affordable options, though with lower effectiveness. Tirzepatide, despite its high efficacy, demonstrated a higher ICER, making its cost-effectiveness context-dependent. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of integrating cost-effective pharmacological treatments into obesity management strategies. Semaglutide appears to be a highly effective and economically favorable option, while phentermine-topiramate and orlistat offer practical alternatives in resource-limited settings. Economic evaluations can inform policy decisions and optimize healthcare resource allocation in combating obesity.

Background: This research aims to investigate and compare the effect of high-intensity interval training on some effective factors in these metabolic diseases and the possibility of signaling thermogenesis and browning in white and brown adipose tissue. Methods: In this study, 16 male Wistar rats were divided into two control and exercise groups. The training group did HIIT exercises for 10 weeks and 5 days per week. next, the rats were euthanized, and blood samples were collected to assess glycemic indices. Additionally, samples of white and brown adipose tissue were obtained for the analysis of protein expression and histological examination. Results: In white adipose tissue PGC1α expression significant increases in the exercise group (P = 0. 003) also PRDM16 expression was significantly increased in the exercise group (P = 0. 03) but There was no significant increase in UCP1 (P = 0. 65) and There was no significantly increased AMPK the exercise group (P = 0. 33). In brown adipose tissue, UCP1 expression was significantly increased in the exercise group compared to the control group (P = 0. 001) but There was no significant increase in PRDM16 in the exercise group compared to the control group (P = 0. 16) This research demonstrated that physical activity can enhance metabolic health, exhibiting distinct and substantial effects on both white and brown adipose tissue. However no significant effect on body weight, food consumption, and glycemic indices was observed. Conclusions: In conclusion, we show exercise can affect thermogenesis in different ways on white and brown adipose tissue.