STUDIES OF QURANIC SCIENCES
Year:2021 | Volume:3 | Issue:2 (8)|Papers Count:7

Allegory is one of the most important semantic and theological aspects used in the Qur’ an. The current paper has been authored with the aim of explaining why allegory (imagination) is used in the Qur’ an in terms of ontology and epistemology. Analysis and inference are the methods used in this paper. The two main propositions that the article seeks to explain are: 1. Qur’ anic allegories do not have a valid or virtual nature; That is, they are not mere examples to facilitate understanding (the ontological aspect). 2. Qur’ anic allegories are degraded facts that are the subject, principles and materials of imagination to understand the Qur’ anic teachings and make understanding possible (epistemological aspect). In the Qur’ an, allegory is used to describe and liken sensible facts to tangible manifestations; because the realities of the perceptible world are suitable manifestations for depicting the unseen world and spiritual truths. Allegory is an important activity of the imagination to understand and comprehend problems, which is done by retrieving, combining, or creating exampled (imaginary) forms appropriate to the intended concepts. The Qur’ an is the book of guidance for human beings, and not only the teachings contained in it, but also the way to explain those teachings is a proof and guide for human beings. Divine will and providence in using allegory in the Qur’ an bring us blessed teachings.

Most Islamic thinkers have accepted nature since it is based on Qur’ anic and narrative arguments. Nature is a common interdisciplinary subject among many disciplines of the humanities. One of the aspects of nature is the stability of nature and the study of potential nature and actual nature. The subject of research in this paper is whether nature is potential or actual. The two are fundamentally different, leading to several other differences in different cultural, educational, and moral fields. This study has been conducted by a descriptive, analytical method and through comparing the views of Shahid Motahhari with Ayatollah Javadi Amoli. Assuming that in potential nature, its actualization depends on the environment and in actual nature, the environment can disable it, the characteristics, aspects, and results of each hypothesis were investigated. By emphasizing that God is the instructor of nature and the environment causes this fact to be neglected, and that the job of the Prophet and the educators in training human beings is to be reminder for them and remove their neglect, the hypothesis of nature was actually strengthened.

One of the challenges Islamic thinkers have faced in recent centuries is the relationship between religion and experimental sciences, which Muslim thinkers have sought to explain with different approaches. Sayyid Qutb, one of the most famous and influential Islamic figures of the twentieth century, by distinguishing between value (human) and pure (experimental) sciences and separating pure sciences from the epistemological foundations of Western civilization, considers the Western experimental sciences ok to acquire. In the current paper, with the method of description and analysis, we first explain his view on civilization and the relationship between religion and science, and explain the role of new experimental sciences in the Islamic civilization he seeks. Then we discuss the drawbacks of his theory, the most important of which are: 1. the imperfection of the epistemological system which he proposes in the form of Western civilization and does not theorize in proportion to the issue of "beings and musts" in the experimental sciences. 2. Lack of paying attention to the interaction of value sciences and pure sciences and the role of value sciences orientation. 3. Lack of discussion of Islamic experimental sciences that must be dealt with by making changes in purpose, resources, method, and objective. 4. Interpretive approach with his silence in the face of scientific verses.

Emotional divorce is all about a deep break in intimacy and emotional relationships between spouses. Statistics show that this inauspicious phenomenon is on the rise, which is a warning sign for the health of the community. The importance of studying this issue and the need to deal with preventive solutions has been the motivation for many papers and researches that have tried to solve this problem with a sociological and psychological approach. The distinctive feature of this paper is its different approach to dealing with the phenomenon of emotional divorce. Getting help from the divine words (the Qur’ an), as the creator of the spouses, who has built the system of marriage on the basis of "Le Taskunu Ilayha" (that you may take comfort in them) and has been proficient on human instincts and needs, can illuminate the way and clarify all opinions and theories. Accordingly, in this paper, through a descriptive-analytical method, after a brief explanation of the related concepts, the Qur’ anic strategies for preventing emotional divorce have been studied.

The circumstances of the various revelations (of verses of the Qur’ an) has made it difficult to provide a logical and unchallenged interpretation of verses 1-10 of Surah Abbas. Paying attention to the infallibility of the Holy Prophet in the field of Islamic theology on the one hand and his moral status in the field of Islamic ethics on the other hand is one of the most important challenging points in these interpretations. This paper divides the views of Shiite commentators, which arise from three different revelations, into four groups using a library and descriptive-analytical method after analyzing the views of famous Fariqain (the two groups of Islam including Shiite and Sunni) commentators. According to the Sunni commentators, some of these interpretations are addressed to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and while stating reasons, they do not see it in conflict with his infallibility and moral status. Other groups of commentators believe that these verses do not address the Holy Prophet. This view, while right and famous, has a point of ambiguity that has been overlooked. The third category results from the two mentioned views. The author of this paper, by providing reasons, chooses the fourth group of Shiite commentaries in order to insist on the right and famous opinion of the Shiite commentators that this commentary accompanies, and to remove the ambiguity in their commentary with this choice.

Historical propositions from the narrated traditions and stories illustrating the sira (lifestyle) of the Fourteen Infallibles are among the topics that are of special importance due to the validity of the infallible actions and sayings. However, due to the existence of inaccurate and unacceptable information resulting from forgery, falsehood, distortion, weakness in the document or the meaning and content and opposition to the Qur’ an and reason, not all of these statements can be trusted. The present study has been conducted through a descriptive-analytical method and library method in order to analyze and evaluate the content of the news and narrations of the sources of Fariqain (the two groups of Islam including Shiite and Sunni), following verses 87 and 88 of Surah Ma’ idah, based on Qur’ anic criteria and propositions. In all Shiite and Sunni sources, four categories of news have explicitly dealt with the type of behavior and sira of Imam Ali related to verses 87 and 88 of Surah Ma’ idah, most of which are not reliable. The content of this group of narrations is that Imam Ali has opposed the tradition of the Prophet. Therefore, verses 87 and 88 of Surah Ma’ idah have been revealed about him. The reasons for not accepting these narrations are inconsistency of content with the definite teachings of the Holy Qur’ an such as infallibility, incompatibility with accepted moral principles, incompatibility with the dignity and position of the Infallible Imam, definite and certain historical propositions, the existence of anxiety and differences in narrations, and some narrations as being able to be narrated.

The Qur’ an: An Encyclopedia, known as the Encyclopedia of the Qur’ an, is the work of American author Oliver Leaman, whose articles cover topics and issues related to the Qur’ an and commentators. This encyclopedia, like other works of Orientalists, along with some useful materials, has ideological, jurisprudential, etc. doubts, which make it necessary to study those doubts and answer them. The current paper, through a descriptive and analytical method has examined the doubts about Eve, Sarah, Mary and Khadijah-women attributed to the prophets, which are: The creation of Eve from the left rib of Adam, the restriction of the descendants of Abraham to the children of Sarah, the claim that Hazrat Maryam was married, and the confirmation of the revelation to the Holy Prophet by Khadijah. These doubts are met with criticism, including: The alignment of the creation of Adam and Eve and the rejection of the claim of the creation of Eve from the left rib of Adam, the existence of numerous reasons for the continuation of Abraham’ s descendants from Isaac and Ishmael, confusion of Qur’ anic topics with myth in the story of Mary and the arguments of the verses of Qur’ an about no one touching her as an unmarried woman, the falsity of the narrations confirming the revelation to the Prophet through Khadijah.