IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC POLICY
Year:2024 | Volume:10 | Issue:1|Papers Count:13

Policy evaluation, as a key pillar of the policymaking process, seeks the continuous reform and improvement of policy implementation. In the realm of environmental issues, one of the major problems facing Iranian metropolises in recent years has been air pollution, for which multiple policies have been formulated and executed over time. Yet according to official indices, the air pollution situation has not only failed to improve, but it has also deteriorated. Among the prerequisites for addressing this is the existence of criteria for evaluating policies. Through a qualitative approach and a case study strategy comprised of policy document analysis alongside semi-structured interviews with 16 expert participants, this research has sought to identify evaluative criteria. Ultimately, the findings put forward 41 distinct benchmarks across three levels of policy outputs, outcomes, and impacts for assessing air pollution policies.

The satellite industry, as one of the leading technologies in the world today, is recognized as one of the main means of providing national authority and national security, economic growth and prosperity, and social welfare and advancement in other fields of science and technology. Regulators in the world today have a highly sensitive and decisive role, since their functions are such as the bridge and the regulator of the relationship between the different pillars of the state and the private sector, Owners of capital and owners of interests. This article is written using library sources and descriptive and analytical method. This paper is a comparative study of the structure, competency and performance of Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA) with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to demonstrate the necessity of such a powerful, inclusive, and efficient regulatory body.

To improve public policies, investigating the causes of policy failures is essential. The policymakers' neglect of key actors' motivations can be one of the main reasons for policy failures, rooted in the policy formulation stage. In this research, by using the behavioral economics approach in the policy formulation process, an attempt has been made to provide a model for policy formulation that guarantees its implementation by aligning the motivation of key actors and stakeholders so that the failure rate of the policy is close to zero. For this purpose, initially, 22 researches were selected and systematically examined among about 100 related research works using a systematic literature review. In the second part, two cases of judicial policies were deeply investigated using multiple case study strategy. Finally, by comparing and summarizing the findings of the two stages, the final model of the research was presented with the title "behavioral organization model of policy".

Policy design is one of the latest theoretical frameworks for understanding the formation process of policy alternatives which has been formed as a separate field of study in public policy in recent years. Despite little attention to this field of study, various theories and frameworks have been presented in the heart of this policy field to understand the policy-making process, and each of these theories and theoretical frameworks will bring useful insights for policy researchers and policy analysts. In this article, through literature review method, the main approaches, concepts and theoretical assumptions of policy design have been presented. Our study suggests that instrumentation and policy design and social constructs are two dominant approaches. We can mention other approaches such as the relation between design and governance model, Wicked problems, behavioral insights in design, policy advisory systems, Digital transformations and agile design in our findings.

The social audit approach is proposed under the ongoing evaluation and monitoring. In this approach, there are policy inputs and processes, including resources diversion and transformation. This article evaluates the impact of the Youthful Population and Protection of the Family law on the childbearing attitudes and willingness to have children according to this model. The qualitative method and in-depth interviews with the audience of the law was used. Findings indicated that under"inappropriate policy inputs" the sub-categories of insufficient incentives compared to economic conditions, not including the basic needs of having children, and The inefficient content of cultural policies, have reduced the effects of the law. In the under"policy processes"there has been the resources deviation due to the taste of executive agencies  and "resource transformation"due to negative behaviours against granting facilities. Distrust in government incentives, the failure to provide an efficient solution in the face of the complexities and structural conditions of executive institutions have reduced the effects of the law.

One of the challenges of contemporary governments is to face wicked problems and one of the best solutions to face them is policy innovation. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the individual drivers and barriers to support policy innovation by street-level bureaucrats.Therefore, the implementation of the performance-based budgeting policy in Iran was studied using thematic analysis method. This policy was an innovation to solve the wicked problem of the inefficiency of the budgeting system in the public sector.The findings showed that street-level bureaucrats resist the implementation of new policies due to their professionalism, confrontation and alienation from the policy, and encourage employees, support managers for innovation,closely monitor work performance and give feedback, and empowering employees to perform new activities and actions are the drivers of their support for the implementation of new policies.

Emphasizing that the institutional participation of stakeholders in the policy process is one of the most important systematic forms of strengthening policy consultation systems, this research aims to examine the status of this matter in the policy process of the Islamic Republic of Iran at different policy levels. In fact, the question of the current research is that to what extent and how the different levels of policy making in Iran have provided the capacities of the institutional presence of stakeholders (as one of the most important tools to promote the policy consultation system) in the policy processes? For this purpose, policy levels including macro policies are selected. by using the comparative approach and determining the 5 dimensions of policy consultation of the stakeholders, the regulations, guidelines and policy documents of the said councils are examined. The results show that the capacity of using stakeholder consultation in each of the stages of agenda, design, implementation and policy evaluation is different in each of the two councils, and the evaluation stage has the lowest amount of stakeholder consultation. Also, the mechanisms and how to choose the beneficiaries to participate in the policy making process and the type of their intervention are also different.

Using the institutional mapping approach, the present research has investigated the important actors of the science, technology and innovation system of Iran's cyber space and their functions in this system. The importance of this issue stems from the fact that the science, technology and innovation system of cyber space has a high number and diversity in actors and functions, and the effort to investigate them can help to better understanding the structural and functional complexities of this system. The data collection of this research has been done through a library study, including the review of previous studies and documents, including the description of the duties of organizations, statutes, laws, and upstream documents, as well as a field study, including holding a panel with key stakeholders. Classification of identified actors based on the theoretical framework in five levels of government, educational and research institutions, intermediate institutions, companies (large companies, small and medium businesses, start-ups and technological units), and non-governmental organizations (specialized association, trade association, unions, non-governmental organization) was done. Then, through the actors-functions matrix, it was determined what functions each actor plays in the science, technology and innovation system of cyber space. According to the findings, the main guardian of the cyber space science, technology and innovation system is the Supreme Council of Cyber Space. Also, the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology has the largest role among other players in this system. The role of civil institutions and the private sector also needs to be highlighted in this system. The policy implication of this research is that the governance of science, technology and innovation system of cyber space requires a networked and evidence-based approach that, in addition to considering the views and expectations of all stakeholders, operates based on the facts and objective conditions.

Considering the importance of educational justice and the approval of the law "Establishment and Administration of Non-Governmental Schools and Educational Centers" in Iran, the question arises as to what effect the law on the establishment and administration of non-governmental schools and educational centers has on the realization of educational justice?In response to the above question, first :, using the documentary method, educational justice was indexed according to Rawls, second , the city of Kerman was selected as a study sample, and using a questionnaire, the main indicators of educational justice in non-government schools were compared. It was investigated with the public schools of this city, third, the results of the second step were analyzed with semi-structured interviews with experts of education department of this city.Although the implementation of the aforementioned law helps to develop educational justice, other needs of Kerman public schools are ignored, and this law is only a one-dimensional view of educational justice.

Regarding the Cyberspace, as much as mere opportunistic views can be harmful, the threatening perception of this space also brings unwanted consequences. The main reason for adopting the above two extreme approaches is the lack of specific Criminal policy-making. In the light of public policy literature, the present research explores and presents the principles of Criminal policy-making and its manifestations (criminal policy and penal policy) with a descriptive-analytical method.The ten research findings suggest; First, the principles of "the stability of the fundamentals of the real and cyber world", "necessity of maintaining privacy security", "sustainability and sustainable development" and "creating a balance between values" should be the headlines of Criminal policy-making, and then regarding the participation of society in the field of criminal policy, the principles "Justice-oriented", "transparency" and "maintaining social cohesion and acceptance of cultural diversity" should be used, and finally, to achieve the desired penal policy, the principles of "gradual criminalization ", "needs-oriented" and " Timeliness and changeability" should be on the agenda.

The rules of governance in the public policy of countries are defined on the basis of the power equation, political culture and state structure. The crisis in Gaza and the intense war waged by Israel are indicative of the fact that not only international politics is going through a period of anarchy, but there are signs of challenge in the structures of countries for making strategic decisions. When the foundations of strategic decision-making and policymaking are faced with lack of understanding, absence of strategic rationality and security challenges, it means that the principal pivots of strategic policymaking have not been taken into consideration. If we intend to consider the conceptual frameworks of conflict resolution in the Middle East, we need to pay attention to the rules of governance in this region; otherwise, we will be faced with constant, broad-based and unending challenges. Understanding the rules of governance can control and mitigate many of the security challenges of the West Asian region. In this paper, first of all, we seek to consider the rules of governance in public policymaking. Second, security signs and crisis-making challenges will be explored, and third, efforts will be made to present proper approaches to conflict resolution in the critical circumstances of the Middle East.The principal question raised by this papers is, “what signs do the foundations of governance have in the Middle East and how do they affect regional crises and strategic policies of the regional countries.” The hypothesis of the paper is, “the rules of governance in the regional security policy of the countries is based on transparency, participation, justice, productivity and accountability whiles such signs are taken into consideration by statesmen and policymakers to a limited extent in the process of making and adopting regional security decisions and policies in the Middle East.” The data analysis method was used in this paper.

The debate about the international order, how it is changed and built, as well as its types, has been one of the most important subjects in the literature of international relations. From the perspective of this paper, this issue can have a very important value in foreign policy literature, because attention the types of order and how to deal with it can be considered as one of the important preconditions in the successful foreign policy making. In this regard, this article by assuming three parallel orders in the current international system, i.e. "hegemonic order, balance of power order and institutional order", seeks to answer the question of how the most important policy prescriptions of Iran in these three orders should be? In response to this question, it is suggested that Iran should be considered as a rational actor and constitutive revisionist in the hegemonic order, as a rational actor and security or power seeking actor in the balance of power order, and as a norm-creating and idea-creating actor in the institutional order. Each of these roles requires the use of specific policies that will be discussed in the article. This research is considered a prescriptive research whose policy prescriptions are according to the theoretical framework of the relevant literature.

Introduction:The increase in the importance of governance knowledge along with recent scientific researches and productions necessitates the formation of a network and a system of scientific communication around the governance knowledge. Methodology:Therefore, the present research aims to use the scientometric method and the technique of co-word analysis; To draw a map of the field of knowledge of governance based on all 1136 internal scientific-research articles that have been indexed in the Persian Islamic World Sciences database and Noor specialized magazines in the period from 1390 to 1401. Excel and VOSviewer software have been used to analyze the network of concepts, prepare data and draw a scientific map. Results and discussion: The findings of this research consist of 196 keywords related to the governance network. Conclusion:Also, after the keywords "good governance" and "good urban governance", keywords such as "urban management and planning", "public participation" and "sustainable development" are among the most frequent keywords in governance research; which have the most co-occurrence.