Medical History
Year:2020 | Volume:12 | Issue:42|Papers Count:7

Background and Aim: Undoubtedly, the drug-fighting issue is one of the biggest challenges of different countries. Each country reacts to this issue according to its mental approach and experience. The most common approach of the criminal policy of many countries to drug issues is determining penalties and punishment. However, some countries have experienced a new approach that is decriminalizing some of the low risk types of drugs called calm. Materials and Methods: In this comparative study, the related reports and information about decriminalization of soft drugs in U. S. A and Netherlands were purposefully searched and compared. Conclusion: The Netherlands, as a country that raises its social policies on the basis of tolerance and toleration, was able to introduce decriminalizing use of hashish and became an example for other countries by proper implementation of its cannabis consumption. In the present time, different states of America have changed their laws regarding the consumption of soft drugs, and even legalized the therapeutic use of it.

Background and Aim: Organ transplantation is one of the most sensitive topics in the modern and modern methods that require more careful and precise use. The success of which is unclear. Centuries later an Italian physician succeeded in transplanting the autograph successfully. In 1905, the Czech Republic successfully completed the first human cornea transplant. In the 1930s, the Ukrainian surgeon made the first transplant of the human body that failed. In 1950, the first kidney transplant was successfully completed. In 1963 James Harry performed a lung transplant from a corpse to a cancer patient. The purpose of this article is to show that with the advancement of science in these fields, more and more people with organ failure will be transplanted, and the transplant results will be even better. Materials and Methods: This article aims to study the historical process of organ transplantation in the international system by using the tweet-analytic method. Promoting this vital and humane action requires the cultivation of self-sacrifice and awareness in the national and international community in order to rescue those in need of transplantation with enduring dignity Findings: Major advances in medical science and techniques of surgery have saved countless lives and broadly improved the quality of life for patients and sufferers. Transplant science has been a remarkable success, as one of the miracles of science. They are new. Many patients who used to deal with death due to organ failure are now highly successful in transplant therapy, but organ transplantation has its problems.

Background and Aim: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by decreasing platelet count with the normal bone marrow and the absence of specific causes of thrombocytopenia. Corticosteroids are the first line of treatment and costly and complicated methods, such as splenectomy or immunosuppressive agents, are used as the second line of treatment. Alfalfa with scientific name of Medicago Sativa has warm temperament that traditional physicians have used as haemapoietic food from thousands years ago and its use with anticoagulants reduces their effectiveness. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of alfalfa syrup on platelet count in patients with ITP. Materials and Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that was done in Hematology Clinic Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Forty patients were randomly divided into two groups of alfalfa syrup and placebo syrup. They received 5 cc of alfalfa or placebo syrup each 8 hours for 15 days. Blood samples were taken from patients before and at the end of treatment. Blood samples were taken for CBC, BT and platelet counts. The statistical method used was Paired-samples T test and independent-samples T test. Findings: The results showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in the laboratory tests at first, but after the intervention, the mean number of platelets and BT differences between the two groups was statistically significant (p=0. 013 and p=0. 018, respectively). Conclusion: The use of a cheap and available vegetable as alfalfa can be effective in improving the platelet count in patients with ITP.

Adherence to ethical standards in the medical profession is under the heading of medical ethics. If medical ethics is one of the new topics, but these principles have been recommended to physicians in various religious books for centuries and it is required to adhere to those principles. There were practices as the foundations of medical ethics in ancient Iran under the influence of the Zoroastrian decree. Religious teachings about ethics were as ethical principles and foundations after the adoption of Islam in Iran. The center of gravity of this research includes identifying and explaining medical ethics and its commonalities among Iranians before and after Islam in the first century AH. Research questions are: Is there congruence between Islamic and Mazda's decrees on the medical ethics of the first four centuries of AH? And how did Zoroastrian medical ethics influence on the medical ethics of the Islamic era? This research is a descriptiveanalytical and historical research. This result obtained: It has many commonalities in both religions such as Doctors Knowledge of Jurisprudence Principles, Remembering God at all stages of treatment, Responsibility of the physician, Heavenly reward, visiting the patient, paying attention to the poor, being mobile a physician and prohibiting abortion. These are reflected in the affidavits and AndarzNameh issued by Muslim physicians in the first four centuries of Islam. On the other hand, these similarities reflect the influence of Iranian ethics on Islamic ethics through the translation and deduction of ethical principles and rules by Iranian physicians and scholars in the first four centuries of Islam.

Background and Aim: According to traditional medicine, one's temper can be determinative of his physical, psychological and emotional characteristics; therefore, it seems that the tendency to do physical activity is also associated with the temperament. The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the temperaments among some sports fields. Materials and Methods: This research was done descriptively; the community studied in this research is the professional athletes of some sports (Gymnastics, Kurash, Futsal, Wrestling, Volleyball and Martial arts) from Yazd city. By using a standard questionnaire, their temperament was determined. Descriptive statistical method was used for data analysis. Findings: Based on the results, each sport in separate are: in Gymnastic 57% blood, 43% yellow bile, in Wrestling and Material arts 73% blood, 27% yellow bile, in Futsal 55% blood, 40% yellow bile, 5% phlegm, in Kurash 54% blood, 31% yellow bile, 15% phlegm and in Volleyball 68% blood, 22% yellow bile, 5% black bile and 5% phlegm. Conclusion: the frequency of Dam temperament is more than other temperaments, Dam temperament is dominant, Due to warmth and wetness, this temperament is able to withstand longer stress conditions as compared to those that are hot and dry, it seems that the use of temperament science, along with other sciences such as genetics, psychology and anthropometric, can be helpful in talent finding in different sport fields.

Background and Aim: One of the major issues in medicine of Islamic era is the improvement of the morality of the soul. The physicians of the Islamic period, in addition to the health of the body, as a physical aspect, have also taken into consideration the spiritual aspect of the human being. As a physician, philosopher and scientist of the 6th and 7th centuries AH, Muhammad ibn Zakaria Razi, in his book titled "Tibb ar-Ruhani" (Spiritual Physic), had a special interest in the subject of soul and morality health. In this study, the role of reason and passion as two essential factors in spiritual physic from Razi's viewpoint is discussed. Materials and Methods: This research has been carried out in a library research method and using ancient primary sources and contemporary researches, it is first attempted to introduce Razi and his works and then to place his views on the subject of soul morality by focusing on the book "Tibb ar-Ruhani" (Spiritual Physic). Findings: Razi in "Tibb ar-Ruhani" has stated the ultimate goal of his book is the improvement of the morality of the soul and the way to do so is to follow wisdom and to cherish reason as the greatest divine blessing and yet to avoid passion. He commends the reason by designating principles and criteria for identifying the threatening factors of the health of the soul and repelling moral vices in all the twenty chapters of the book, and defining philosophers as true rationalists. In this book, he has tried to identify the moral vices in simple terms and then to describe very practically the way of dispelling evil qualities. Conclusion: Zakariya Razi, as a philosopher physician, though pursuing philosophical and ethical views of Plato and Galen, by using a simplistic and narrative style in various chapters of the book and focusing on reason has led his work eventually become an important and significant source in field of refining the morality of the soul and paying attention to the spiritual aspect of the human for the society.

Background and Aim: Meningitis or inflammation of the brain membranes, also referred to as traditional medicine, Phrenitis or hot Sarsam, has long been known in Persian Medicine and therapies have also been cited. The study sought to highlight one of the scientific innovations in the medical history of Islamic civilization in the subject of meningitis, as well as to find the answer to the historical course of understanding meningitis in Islamic civilization, especially the compilation of Aviccena. Materials and Methods: This study aimed to show one of the innovations of medical knowledge and its scientific depth in Islamic civilization which has been conducted in the library method relying on authentic sources of the history of medicine. Also, valid Internet resources such as Noor Mags, SID, Iran. doc, Scopus, PubMed and the Noor software continue to be investigated. Ethical Considerations: Honesty and trusteeship were observed in reporting and publishing content and the quotes presented with the source used. Findings: It seems that the description of meningitis was first described by Sheikh al-Rais Hakim Hussein ibn Abdullah ibn Sina (416-315d) in the Canon Book. Conclusion: According to library evidence, Ibn Sina was well aware of the diagnosis and diagnosis of meningitis before "Sir Robert Witt", the difference between the acute and chronic types of the disease and its treatments have been presented.