Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Year:2008 | Volume:15 | Issue:2|Papers Count:14

Introduction: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a probable complication of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) Surgery that may be due to embolism, perfusion failure and consumption of ototoxic drugs. Since the incidence of SNHL after CABG is different according to the various reports, the present study was designed to study hearing threshold change after CABG surgery.Method: In this cross-sectional study, 65 patients candidated for CABG surgery were selected by convenient sampling. One week before and two weeks after the surgery, all patients were examined by E.N.T specialist, and underwent PTA and impedance test. Other information including history of previous diseases was collected too. Distribution and central indices were used for description of results and Wilcoxon test was used for comparison of pre- and post- operative hearing threshold.Results: Comparison of Pre -and Post - operative audiometry results showed no significant change in hearing for all frequencies and in both ears. Hearing threshold difference in the right ear at 4000HZ and in the left ear at 2000HZ was meaningful (P=0.027, P=0.004 respectively). Although hearing threshold differences at all frequencies and in both ears were greater in men rather than women, the meaningful difference was only for the frequency of 1000HZ in the right ear (P=0.03) and 4000HZ in the left ear (P=0.034).Conclusion: Although, hearing loss can occur after nonotologic surgeries, the incidence is very low and this can be due to the improvement in surgical and anesthesia techniques. Meanwhile, hearing threshold change in some frequencies may be sex-dependent.

Introduction: Nowadays, noninvasive evaluation of dilatation changes of endothelium region under hyperaemia has attracted researchers’ notice. But optimum conditions for inducing hyperaemia and proper mechanical parameters based on obstruction stress, obstruction time and time of ultrasonic survey after obstruction release were not reported. This study was designed to extract optimum biomechanical parameters for inducing hyperaemia in brachial artery.Method: First, brachial artery of healthy men were forced under 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mmHg for five minutes, and 60 seconds after obstruction release ultrasonic assessment was performed and according to maximum distensibility of brachial artery, optimum obstruction was extracted. Then brachial arteries of healthy men were forced under optimum obstraction for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 minutes and optimum obstruction time was extracted. For extracting the optimum time of ultrasonic assessment, brachial artery of healthy men were forced under optimum obstruction pressure and time and then ultrasonic assessment was done in 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 seconds after obstruction release. For extracting diameter changes of artery, maximum systolic velocity, minimum diastolic velocity, and also radial strain and distensibility, multi frames of B-mode and Doppler images were recorded on personal computer. According to ANOVA test, optimum parameters of inducing reactive hyperaemia for increasing distensibility of brachial artery were extracted.Results: Hyperaemia under 150 mmHg obstructions, for duration of 4 minutes and 45 and 65 seconds after releasing are the best conditions for ultrasonic assessments.Conclusion: The application of optimum reactive hyperaemia protocol can provide a more accurate noninvasive evaluation of artries’ biomechanical parameters.

Introduction: The nucleus accumbens is involved in various functions ranging from motivation and reward to feeding and drug addiction. Some researchers have also suggested that this region has some roles in consciousness. In the present study, the effect of electrical stimulation and lesion of nucleus accumbens on Electroencephalogram waves (EEG) of addict and non-addict rats was investigated.Method: Male wistar rats (weight 190-250 g) were divided into control and addict groups. Addiction was induced by injection of morphine (three times a day and for four days). Then all rats in both groups were aneasthetized by urethane and stainless steel electrodes were implanted in nucleus accumbens. EEG waves were recorded in three stages of control, after stimulation (130mA, 100HZ, every 5sec for 10 min), and after lesion (0.4 mA, 60 sec) of nucleus accumbens in each group.Results: In addict group alpha and betha waves were increased, while theta and dltha waves were decreased compared to intact group. Electrical stimulation and lesion of nucleus accumbens decreased theta waves in intact group and increased betha waves in addict group comparing to the control stages.Conclusion: Although morphine dependency causes increase of high frequency- low voltage waves and decrease of low frequency-high voltage waves, it seems, that nucleus accumbens has no role in variations of brain waves.

Introduction: The restoration material commonly used as core material for pulpless posterior teeth is mostly amalgam due to its high strength and low cost and it can be used with or without pin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of post material on stress distribution in mandibular second premolar tooth by finite element analysis.Method: The stress distribution was analyzed in amalgam core supported with and without pin. Three dimensional plane strain models of the human mandibular second premolar were first made with pin amalgam and then with post amalgam. After applying the loading force at 45 degree angel, the stress distribution was analyzed in models.Results: Maximum stress in pin amalgam was more than that in post amalgam. The area of maximum stress in pin amalgam was at pin and core interface but in post amalgam it was at the margin of core in the side of applied force. The least stress was at the margin of core opposite to the side of force in both models and was more in pin amalgam than post amalgam.Conclusion: As the stress was more in pin amalgam than post amalgam so it can be said that the fracture strength of post amalgam is more than pin amalgam. Since crown increases fracture resistance of post and core, further studies for analysing stress distribution of amalgam core with crown is recommended.

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a complex parasitic disease with various epidemiological and clinical features. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) can be extremely fatal in untreated cases. The objective of this study was to assess the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the disease in children with VL in Kerman province during 1991-2006.Method: In a descriptive-analytical survey, medical files of 68 VL cases hospitalized in Hospital No. 1 and Afzalipour Medical Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences during 1991-2006 were studied. Data analysis was done by SPSS software and using descriptive and analytical statistics.Results: Of 68 cases of Kala-azar, 45 ones were boys and 23 ones were girls with mean age of 52.3±46.2 months. Most of the cases were in the age group of 1-4 years. The majority of cases (41.2%) belonged to Baft, followed by Jiroft (22.0%), Kahnouj (14.7%) and Sirjan (10.3%). Most patients were referred to hospitals in winter and mainly during February. Mean duration of clinical symptoms before referring was 31.8 days and mean duration of hospitalization was 12 days. Overall, 65 cases cured completely, while 3 cases died. The mean sedimentation rate was 58 mm/hour and the most common clinical symptoms were fever, and hepato-splenomegaly, respectively.Conclusion: Further studies on reservoirs and vector ecology, particularily in Baft district are required for planning control programs, in the affected areas.

Introduction: Since palmaris longus tendon is the first choice for grafting, its anatomical variation is important. This study was designed to find the anatomical variations of this tendon in Iranian population by performing a study on cadaver.Method: In this study, 150 forearms belonged to 75 cadavers were studied. After exploring the proximal end of tendon, tendon width was measured at its proximal end by caliper. The presence or absence of tendon in left and right, width of tendon in males and females, crown to heel height and the relationship between tendon width and height were determined. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS, and using exact Fischer test, Student t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and chi-square.Results: Unilateral absence was seen in 24% and bilateral absence in 10.7 % of 32 females. The tendon was absent in 4 cases (12.5 %) in left side, in 6 cases (18.8 %) in right side, and in 3 cases (9.4%) in both sides. Of 43 males, in 3 (7%) the tendon was absent in left side, in 5 (11.6%) in right side and in 5 (11.6%) in both sides. The mean width of tendon in males was 4.07±2.05 mm in right and 3.97±2.16 mm in left side and in women it was 3.77±2.07mm in right and 3.41±2.20 mm in left side.Conclusion: The prevalence rate of unilateral and bilateral absence of PL in this study was 24% and 10.7% respectively that differs with the reported rates in studies of Asian countries such as China and Japan. There was not statistical difference between men and women in tendon width, unilateral and bilateral absence and side of absence. There was also no correlation between tendon width and individual height.

Introduction: The influence of morphine on pituitary secretion through mmu receptors has been nearly known. It is also reported that morphine has an effect on cell proliferation. In the present study we investigated the effect of morphine on the proliferation of acidophil cells of adenohypophysis in male rat.Method: This study has been carried out on 14 adult male Wistar rats divided into two groups of morphine dependent and control. The animals in morphine-dependent group were addicted through consumption of morphine for 21 days. After controlling withdrawal syndrome signs, serum prolactin level was determined by Elisa method. In the next step after anesthetizing animals and performing cardiac perfusion, the hypophysis was removed and fixed at 10% formalin. After processing, staining was done by routine immuno-histochemistry method and the number of mammotropes and somatotropes in morphine-dependent and control groups were compared.Results: Mean prolactin production in dependent group as compared with control group showed significant increase. There was a significant increase in the ratio of mammotropes to acidophil cells and a significant decrease in the ratio of somototrops to acidophil cells in morphine-dependent group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Morphine dependency may lead to increase in the percentage of prolactin secreting cells and serum prolactin level and decrease of growth hormone secreting cells.

Introduction: Considering wide distribution of scorpions in various parts of the country and their importance in biological and medical Sciences, the current study was performed during 2005 to 2006 in order to determine scorpions species in Kerman/Iran.Method: In this descriptive research, 13 cities in Kerman province were investigated. All collected scorpion specimens in %75 ethyl alcohol were sent to the entomology laboratory of Kerman university of Medical Sciences for identification of their species by the use of stereo microscope and morphologic identification key.Results: A total of 8 species belonged to three families of Buthidae, Hemiscorpiidae or Liochelidae and Scorpionidae were identified. The identified species were as follows:A: Family Buthidae: Mesobuthus eupeus(44%), Androctonus crassicauda (28.5%),  Odontobuthus doriae(22.6%), Orthochirus scrobiculosus(3%), Androctonus.amorcuxi(0.35%), Buthotus saulcyi (0.35%), B:Family Liochelidae: Hemiscorpious lept urus(0.9%), C:Family Scorpionidae: Nebo sp (0.3%).Conclusion: Kerman province with 8 scorpion species has a high bidogical founa. This is the second report of the Nebo Genus from Iran after the report in 1980 from Hengam island located in south of Iran in Persian Golf. Planning prevention, control and treatment programs based on the identified species is suggested.

Myocardial bridge is a benign congenital anomaly in which a segment of major epicardial coronary arteries descends into the myocardium for a variable distance. Myocardial bridge is most often single and located in the middle part of the left anterior descending artery. The presence of more than one myocardial bridge in coronary arteries is very rare. We present a patient with more than one myocardial bridge in the left anterior descending artery.The case was a 55- year old man, referred to our clinic with the complaint of atypical chest pain. In the radionuclide study a reversible ischemia in the anterior wall was found. For this abnormal finding, he underwent a coronary angiography and it showed two myocardial bridges in the mid and end segments of the left anterior descending artery.Since myocardial bridge is usually single, the present case with two consecutive myocardial bridges in one artery can be presented as a very rare case report.

Health care workers including dentists, dental students and nurses may be at the risk of occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens such as HIV and hepatitis B and C via needlestick injuries (NSIs). The prevalence rate of NSI has been reported between 22 to 83% in different studies. The reports show an increase in NSI prevalence around the world during 1990 to 1999. Mean NSIs for a dentist with 3000 invasive operations per year is about 37%. The exact number of NSIs around the world is not known because many health care workers do not report this problem. In this paper written for health care workers, NSI and appropriate strategies applied in facing this problem have been discussed.