Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Year:2011 | Volume:29 | Issue:128|Papers Count:8

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease that affects vascularization in the eyes of premature infants and can proceed to new blood vessel formation.In this study we investigate the frequency of ROP in premature infants referred from Shahid Beheshti and Alzahra hospitals to an Ophthalmology Clinic.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which we evaluated data of 200 infants who were referred from two major hospitals of Isfahan, 100 infants from Shahid Beheshti and 100 infants from Al-zahra hospitals with birth weight less than 1800 g, and gestational age less than 34 weeks. The frequency of ROP and the correlation between gestational age, birth weight and duration of oxygen therapy with ROP were evaluated by Student t-test and X2 test.Findings: We found that of 100 infants of Al-zahra hospital, 29% and of 100 infants of Shahid Beheshti 42% showed different stages of ROP, from which 38% of first group and 19% of later group needed laser therapy. The frequency of ROP in infants who received oxygen therapy more than 30 days was higher than those with oxygen therapy less than 10 days.Conclusion: In relation with different concepts about oxygen therapy, it seems that different period of oxygen supplementary can be the possible cause of different range of ROP occurrences.

Background: The aim of this research was to determine the needs of Schizophrenic patients' families, based on their caring experience.Methods: This was a phenomenological qualitative research whose participants were the main caregivers of schizophrenic patients (parents, spouses or children).Data were collected by the face to face and in depth interviews up to the data saturation stage. To confirm the yielded concepts, the researcher referred the findings to the participants again to avoid any kind of biases.The data were saturated by 36 interviews. Collected data were analyzed by Collaizzi's seven stage method.Findings: Our findings demonstrated three main concepts as caregivers' educational needs: social role acceptance, reaction to tension and getting access to unknown aspects of the disorder.Conclusion: It is concluded that major dietary patterns in this population are not associated with the risk of colon cancer.

Background: Availability to pre-marriage consulting is very important because couples need to begin their marriage with enough knowledge. But it seems that these services have not adequate quality.This study aimed to assess quality of the pre-marriage family planning consulting classes in Gonabad, Iran.Methods: The sample size of this cross sectional study was 102 couplesReferring to Fayazbakhsh Center in Gonabad in 2010. A questionnaire was applied for data collection. Assessment form of quality of the pre-marriage family planning consulting classes was composed from four domains: quality of education, quality of educational instruments, quality of teaching methods and quality of physical environment. At first, the demographic part of questionnaire was completed. Then, after participating in class, the couples have completed assessment form of quality of the pre-marriage family planning consulting classes. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 19 and by frequency distribution, Mean and X2 tests.Findings: The mean age of participants was 22.52±3.93 years.4.4% of couples assessed total quality of class as weak, 49% as medium and 46.6% as good. There is no significant relation between scores with sex (P=0.51) and educational level (P=0.26).Conclusion: In regard to the couples' assessing were moderatly good but but they need further education in family planning and increasing number of educational classes.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between postoperative serum lactate levels and outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and verify the clinical impact of hyperlactatemia (HL) during CABG in terms of postoperative morbidity and mortality rate.Methods: In this prospective study, 92 patients underwent open heart surgery. Demographic data, lactate levels, pH, 48 hours serum creatinin after surgery (mg per cent), left ventricular ejection fraction, Inotropic Drugs and the duration of use and the duration of intensive care unit (ICU) admission t and deaths were collected.Findings: Mortality rate was 3.3 percent, the average duration of hospitalization was 8.8 days and the duration of ICU admission was 47.27 hours. In 82.6% of the patients increased lactic acid was observed; while 17.4% of patients had a low lactate serum concentration during ICU admission.Conclusion: The findings of this study showed an association between lactate serum levels and the duration of ICU admission and duration of hospitalization, so hyperlactatemia could be a prognostic factor and could predict the mortality and the severity of complications in the patients undergone CABG.

The five known causes of acute hepatitis are the hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), D (HDV), and E (HEV) viruses.Hepatitis A and E are forms of infectious hepatitis which spread largely by the fecal-oral route, occur in outbreaks a well as sporadically.Hepatitis B, C and D are forms of serum hepatitis, are spread largely by parenteral routes and less commonly by sexual exposure and occur sporadically and rarely cause outbreaks.Acute hepatitis B and C capable of leading to chronic hepatitis 10% and 80% retrospectively.Highlights of Hepatitis B: ·The spectrum of clinical manifestations range from subclinical or anicteric hepatitis to icteric hepatitis and, in some cases, fulminant hepatitis; during the chronic phase, manifestations range from an asymptomatic carrier state to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.·Approximately 70 percent of patients with acute hepatitis B have subclinical or anicteric hepatitis, while 30 percent develops icteric hepatitis.·The sequelae of chronic HBV infection vary from an inactive carrier state to the development of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), extrahepatic manifestations, and death.·In patients with acute hepatitis B, we suggest treatment with a nucleoside/tide analogue in those who have severe hepatitis [such as those who develop a coagulopathy (INR>1.5)] or a protracted course (such as persistent symptoms or marked jaundice [bilirubin>10 mg/dl] for more than four weeks after presentation) ·Treatment of chronic hepatitis B if indicated are as: conventional IFNα2α, PegIFNα2α (Pegasys) or oral nucleotide/tide included: Lamivudine, Adefuir Tenofovir, Entecavir, Telbivudin.Highlights of Hepatitis C:Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can result in both acute and chronic hepatitis. The acute process is most often asymptomatic; if symptoms are present, they usually abate within a few weeks.Acute infection rarely causes hepatic failure.·The risk of chronic infection after an acute episode of hepatitis C is high. In most studies, 80 to 100 percent of patients remain HCV RNA positive, and 60 to 80 percent have persistently elevated liver enzymes.·Most patients with chronic infection are asymptomatic or have only mild nonspecific symptoms.·Treatment of choice, If indicated is: Combination therapy including: IFNα2α (Pegasys)+Ribavirin.