Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Year:2018 | Volume:60 | Issue:5 |Papers Count:9

Introduction: Morbid obesity is well-known risk factor of cholelithiasis. On the other hand, rapid weight loss following bariatric surgery, as a treatment of morbid obesity, can cause the formation of gallstones. In this inquiry we decided to investigate the risk factors of cholelithiasis and evaluate the need for prophylactic cholecystectomy during bariatric surgery. Materials and Methods: All desired information of patients with morbid obesity who underwent bariatric surgery during 2011-2017 in surgical ward of Imam Reza hospital of Mashhad were extracted from patients' documents. All data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Totally 150 patients were enrolled in this study from which 127 patients did not have any history of cholelithiasis, 46. 5% of patients without any history of cholelithiasis and 73. 9% of patients with a history of this condition were positive for gastric H. pylori (p<0. 05). Conclusion: In conclusion in our study the only factor associated with gallstone formation was H. pylori infection. Although H. pylori infection cannot be considered as a concrete reason for prophylactic cholecystectomy merely based on our results, its treatment should be kept in mind as a treatable risk factor of cholelithiasis.

Introduction: Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease risk factors, that leads to many problems in the elderly, and perceived stress leads to increased blood pursue and loss of performance. However, due to the importance of hypertension, the aim of this study was the effectiveness of hypnosis therapy on the amount of perceived stress and blood pressure in patients with primary hypertension. Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with pre and posttest. For this purpose, among patients with primary hypertension referred to health centers in Mashhad in the period of summer 2015, with available sampling 30 number were selected and distributed in two groups of experience and control randomly (15 persons). Subjects in the two groups, before and after intervention, answered to perceived stress questionnaire completed the blood pressure record chart for 15 days before and after the intervention at twice in the morning and evening. The experimental group received three sessions hypnosis therapy, but no intervention was carried out in control group. Results: The results of covariance analyze showed that hypnosis therapy was effective on decreasing the amount of perceived stress and blood pressure, in patients with primary hypertension. Conclusion: According to the results, hypnotherapy can be used to reduce perceived stress and blood pressure in patients with high blood pressure.

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a major autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Today it is specified that changes in the sequence of single nucleotides or SNPs are associated with disease or resistance to disease. In recent studies, the association of micro-RNA polymorphism has been reported with diseases such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Micro RNA is a group of non-coding RNA that affects a variety of biological processes such as growth, cell division, and immunity. Materials&Methods: blood samples were collected from 71 MS patients and 71 healthy subjects, and DNA was extracted. Genotyping analysis was performed using TARMS PCR technique. The relationship between rs3745453 polymorphism and MS was evaluated by statistical tests. Results: TT, TC and CC genotypic frequencies are 34, 24 and 13 in patients and 39, 11 and 21% in control group respectively. In both groups, the TT genotype was dominant and heterozygote frequencies were higher in patients than control group. Odd ratio (OR) in TC genotype was 2. 7. In other words, heterozygote individuals have a 2. 7 times higher chance of MS than othersConclusion: This study was the first report of the relationship between mir23a polymorphism and MS disease. According to the results, we can say that mir 23a rs3745453 polymorphism is associated with Multiple sclerosis (P = 0. 029). It is suggested that further studies should be done with more samples.

Introduction: Aluminum Phosphide (ALP) is one of the most common causes of death due to poisoning worldwide. The aim of this study was a comparison of mortality rate of Aluminum Phosphide poisoning with other kinds of poisonings in Golestan Province, Iran, 2010 to 2016. Materials and Methods: This descriptive retrospective study was carried out on all referential bodies to Golestan department of forensic medicine who died due to ALP poisoning and other poisonings from March 2008 to March 2016. Data such as age, gender, marital status, occupation, education, residence, time and kind of poisoning, agent and location of poisoning and death were collected from patients’ medical records and analyzed. Results: From a total of 420 deaths due to poisoning causes, 105 cases died from ALP (25%) which after Opioids is the second cause of death. Of 105 cases, 63. 8% of them (n=67) were men and 42. 9% (n=45) of cases were aged 20– 29 years, 46. 7% (n=49) of cases were married and 40% (n=42) of them had been educated up to high school. Moreover, 82. 9% of cases (n=87) were living in urban areas. Also, 99% (n=104) of deaths caused by ALP poisoning were due to suicide attempt that occurred mostly in winter (33. 3%, n=35). Conclusion: 0ur findings indicated that ALP toxicity was the second cause of death due to poisoning in Golestan province that was seen most commonly among men and due to suicide attempt.

Introduction: Food insecurity is one of the categories that has a serious impact on nutritional status. Intelligence quotient is an indicator of one's efficacy. Yet, limited studies have been conducted about food security status and socioeconomic factors associated with children's Intelligence quotient (IQ). The current study aimed to investigate the relationship of household food security status and some socioeconomic factors with children Intelligence quotient (IQ) in Mashhad. Materials&Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 18-item USDA food security questionnaire, 200 children in the food secure group and 200 children in the food insecure group were included. The members of each group were matched 1 to 1 in terms of age and gender. . Children’ s age group was 4-6 years old, 18-item Food Security (USDA) and General information Questionnaires were completed through interview with mothers. The relationship between qualitative and quantitative variables with Intelligence quotient (IQ) was determined by Chi-square, T-independent and one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean scores of verbal, performance and total IQs in food insecure group without hunger were respectively 98. 75± 13. 24, 102. 94± 12. 96 and 100. 84± 11. 04, which were lower than mean of children's IQ in the food secure group (p<0. 05). Also, there were significant differences between two groups in variables of head of household's occupation, mother's occupation, level of father's education, level of mother's education, the status of housing ownership and the economic situation. Conclusion: Food security is effective on Intelligence quotient (IQ) through its impact on nutrition and as a stress factor that affects the entire family.

Introduction: Despite control, prevention and the availability of drugs to cure tuberculosis, TB remains an important cause of death from an infectious agent in Iran. Pulmonary tuberculosis is more than 80% of tuberculosis cases. Regardless of new treatment, there are pulmonary sequel and decrease pulmonary function test following tuberculosis. This study is aim to assessment of clinical manifestation and pulmonary function test post tuberculosis management. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, after consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 247 patients from 2005-2013 in Qom province were selected. Data of patients were including of demographic parameter, St George’ s Respiratory Questionnaire and spirometry. For analysis, we use from Pearson correlation coefficient, student T test and chi-square test and was done in SPSS version 17 and P value below than 0. 05 was significant. Results: Mean age was 48. 31 years old and 64% was female. Over than half of patients have pulmonary symptoms like cough, sputum, dyspnea and abnormal pulmonary function test in spirometry. There were significant correlation between clinical finding with spirometry and severity of involvement (P<0. 001). Conclusion: in spite of effective and on time treatment of tuberculosis, patients have pulmonary sequel and symptom over lives.

Many studies have shown that viruses after they enter the host cell can interact with mitochondria and disrupt their function; particularly some studies have determined that these effects can alter the mitochondrial structure as well as changes in the pathway for energy production. The effect of virus or viral protein on the electron transport chain, sometimes following entry of divert viruses to the host cell, will result in a sharp decrease in cellular energy at the end of the electron transport process. In addition, nowadays new data indicate that a number of viruses may affect the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and thus affect the respiratory chain in the mitochondria. Such effects can lead to clinical outcomes, particularly in the context of sustained infections, which can ultimately be considered as a possible cause of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Therefore, as a hypothesis, it may be concluded that viral infections may be one of the main potential etiology for this syndrome.

Background: Tuberculosis is a major health problem in many developing countries. The disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli, for the treatment antibiotics such as isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol are used, Due to the reduced activity of these antibiotics and increase the resistance and MDR strains around the world, need to consider antibiotics second phase of TB treatment and alternative therapies felt. Among the second phase of treatment drugs, fluoroquinolone are the most important drugs as the second phase of TB treatment because of high pharmoacokenetics and pharmaco dynamic properties, Broad activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and less side effects and toxicity. As currently only fluoroquinolone is approved by the World Health Organization to be used in the treatment of sensitive TB and proved that their use shortens the duration of treatment and improve results. Materials&Methods: In the present study, 170 Article about fluoroquinolone in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis and MDR-TB have been reviewed. Results: According to the articles, fluoroquinolone are the latest and most powerful drug classes used in the second phase of TB treatment and In addition to being effective in the treatment of MDR-TB, affordable alternative to antibiotics in the first phase standard diet. Among the members of this groupof antibiotics, Moxifloxacin and levofloxacin of which have the greatest activity and Have higher activity than ofloxacinBut there ofloxacin higher safetyConclusion: fluoroquinolone, as appropriate antibiotic for the treatment of MDR-TB as well as a better alternative to antibiotics in the first line.