Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal
Year:2015 | Volume:23 | Issue:4|Papers Count:14

This project was conducted to explore the effect of optimum dosage of Ovaprim injection on artificial spawning of Esox lucius. The research implemented by 4 treatments with 3 replicates for each ones. Three female and six male brooders were injected in each replicate. The animals in 1, 2 and 3 treatments were injected by 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg BW, respectively, and 4th treatment was considered as the control being injected with 4 mg/kg BW pituitary gland extract. Average (±SE) weights were 1361±521, 1376±954, 1009±160 and 1100±422 g in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in females, respectively. In addition, positive response percent to hormone injection were measured as 77.8±19.24, 88.9±19.24, 55.550.91 and 55.5±19.24 % in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in female and 94.4±9.58, 88.9±19.26, 83.3±28.86 and 88.9±19.26 % in male brooders, respectively. However, there was no significant different between all treatments. Fertilization content (±SE) in one to four treatments measured as 87.1±10, 88.04±7.7, 83.9±5.2 and 72.4±19.7 %, respectively. No significant differences were found among pairwise treatments. Average (±SE) percentage of eyed eggs were 66.6±15.9 for treatment one, 61.2±22.3 in treatment two, 58.3±10.7 in treatment three, and 56.1±15.04 in treatment four, with no significant pairwise differences. The average (±SE) hatching eggs were measured as 27.41±19.8 in treatment one, 39.53±26.9 in treatment two, 95.18±5.6 in treatment three and 26.78±12.4 in treatment four, with no significance pairwise differences. Also, the best dosage injection of ovaprim hormone was 10 and 20 mg/kgBW.

The main objective of this research was determination and analysis of the fish consumption in the urban and rural areas, Markazi Province. The survey method was used to achieve the research objectives and the main instrument of the research was a researcher made questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed by visiting each of the research samples (Urban and rural households). 2525 number of them was assigned to the sample based on random sampling method. Cities were selected in the first stage by full enumeration (12 Cities: Ashtian, Arak, Tafrish, Khomein, Mohalat, Saveh, Shazand, Delijan, Kemijan, Farahan, Khandab, Zarandieh). Frequency of the sample in each city is determined in proportion of the size of urban households. In this study 1455 people were studied in the urban areas and 1070 people in the rural areas. A standard formula was used to estimate the amount of fish consumption. The results showed that the average of per capita consumption in total province is 5.81 kg, in urban area 6.70 kg and in rural area 4.62 kg/y. On the other hand, inflation and lack of local shopping mall near the workplace and residence are considered as the main problems and obstacles of the consumption level. Also, the satisfaction level of the price and diversity of the available aquatic, was lower than average in the market (2.2 and 2.62from 5). Regression analysis results also showed that five variables including education level, number of household members, price, income level and knowing how to cooking fish, explained more than 57 percent of the change in the consumption of aquatics (R2=0.57). In the end it is proposed that planning for increasing the levels of information and public culture, diversifying the methods and programs of the extension service and promoting of the fish consumption, expansion of fish distribution and production centers and assistance to cooperative activities and unions in the field of aquaculture marketing and adopting supportive policies for fishing community in order to promoting their welfare and ultimately reducing the price aquatic be considered by aquatic consumption and public health planners.

In the present study, effects of sub-lethal concentrations of Euphorbia turcomanica extract with ranging from 0.00, 0.0055 (5% of LC50), 0.011 (10% of LC50) and 0.022 (20% of LC50) g/lit were investigated over 30 days on biochemical parameters of Zebra Aphanius (Aphanius dispar). The average (±SE) 24, 48, 72 and 96 LC50 rates of E. turcomanica on fish were 0.28±0.14, 0.19±0.06, 0.14±0.03 and 0.11±0.02 g/lit, respectively. The biochemical parameters including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CK), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in the liver tissue were measured after 15 and 30 days. Significant changes in AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and CK activities were observed in fish exposed to different concentrations of E. turcomanica extract when compared with control group. The significant increase was determined in AST, LDH and ALP while in ALT and CK, significant decrease was revealed. Also in liver total protein, a significant descending trend related to exposure time was demonstrated. In conclusion, the findings from this study provide basic information about toxicity of E. turcomanica extract on Zabra Aphanius, as well as developing guidelines for evaluating the effects of administration of E. turcomanica derivatives in water.

The monitoring of the harmful bloom of Cochlodinium polykrikoides in the northern Persian Gulf was studied during 2010 to 2011. The results revealed that in the waters of Hormozgan Province, the Diatoms and Dinoflgellates had the highest frequency. No significant difference was found for amount of nutrients in three sub- regions. The bloom of C. polykrikoides was higher in central sub-region in spring and was occurred in the eastern sub-region in summer, but no mortality of fishes was recorded. In Bushehr Province, four classes of Bacillaryophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dynophyceae and Prymnesiophyceae were determined. Furthermore significant different values of nutrients were recorded. In waters of Khuzestan Province, different values of NH4 were measured for different months. In total, the measured ratio of N: Pin all months were lower than Redfield Ratio (16:1) in which subsequently the environmental condition was not suitable for bloom of C. polykrikoides.

In this research, morphological and histomorphometrical structure of testis of 20 silver male carp fish were studied in two classes or groups. Group1 was composed of 10 fish with average (±SD) weight of 1.247±0.656 kg and average (±SD) length of 43.675±1.414 cm with about 2 years age, Group2 was composed of 10 fish with average (±SD) weight of 5.716±0.519 kg and average (±SD) length of 81.5±1.643 cm. Average (±SD) weight of testis were 2.34±1.47 gr and 83.33±25.81gr with average (±SD) GSI of 0.187±0.224 and 1.457±4.974 in groups 1 and 2 respectively. Samples from testis were taken by maximum thickness of 0.5cm and after fixation in bouin’s fixative and 5-6mm thickness section were made routine paraffin embedding method and stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin and PAS staining. The microscopic results showed that the silver carp testis was lobular and cystic type in two groups. In group 1, there was no spermatozoon activity and PGCs were only germ cells in the cysts. But in group2, the numbers of PGCs were decreased significantly and spermatogenic cells were seen in different phases including spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocysts, early and late spermatid, and spermatozoa which each one was located in a separated cyst. There was no significant difference in nucleus diameter of PGCs in testis of group1 (6.97±0.438m) and group (6.13±0.438m). In group2, the nucleolus diameter of spermatogonia was 2.97±0.112mm, primary spermatocyt 3.59±0.107m, early spermatid 1.59±0.761m, late spermatid 1.24±0.132m, spermatozoa 1.16±0.054m, and the length of spermatozoia 17.412±1.946m. The interesting finding was immature testis in fish of group 1 with average weigh (1.247±0.656kg) and average length (43.675±1.414cm) in about 2 years age and mature testis in fish of group 2 with average weight of (5.716±0.519kg) and average length of (81.5±1.643cm) with about 4 years age in Khuzestan climate conditions.

The effect of soy bean concentrate (SPH) was evaluated on growth index and body composition of Siberian Sturgeon (A. baerii) for 8 weeks. A total of 120 Acipenser baerii juveniles (initial body weight 186.44±31.3gr mean ±SD) (4 treatment) were reared in 12 fiberglass tanks and fed to the saturation with four experimental diets in which fish meal was replaced by SPH at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% namely SPH0 ,SPH10, SPH20 and SPH30, respectively. Biometry was carried out monthly. At the end of experiment, 30% of total fish killed and transported to laboratory for determination of body composition. Result showed no significant differences in final weight (FW), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed efficiency ratio (FCR) of fish fed SPH20 and SPH30 compared to control diet. In addition, body protein and lipid were increased by increasing of soy bean concentrate in diets. The highest body protein and lipid were recorded in fish fed SPH20. Result of this investigation showed that soy bean concentrate was potentially suitable for fish meal replacement in diets of Acipenser baerii.

This study was performed in order to investigate the importance of vitamin C and E in diet. In this study the effect of vitamin C and E supplement in diet on hematological and growth parameters of Caspian salmon have been investigated. Samples were Caspian Salmon juveniles (35±0.24 gr) which feed by extrude growing diet (EX-TG2) by different concentrations of vitamin C and Esimultaneusly. Different treatments (1 to 10) used in this study consisted of 100, 200, 300 mg/kg vitamin C by 20, 30, 40 g/kg vitamin E regularly. Last treatment feed with control diet. All fishes daily feed in 3% of their body weight 3 times a day. To investigate the interaction between vitamin C and E, this supplements used simultaneously in diet. Results shown that there is difference between treatments in growth parameters. Also results shown that treatments with higher vitamin C concentration had ore effect on growth and survival parameters significantly (p<0.05). Furthermore control treatment samples had lower growth and survival and higher FCR compare with treatment groups (p<0.05). Also there was significant difference between treatment groups in hematological parameters. WBC and Nutrophil and hematochrit were significantly higher in treatments with higher vitamin C concentrations (p<0.05). But there was not any differences in Lymphocytes and monosites between treatment groups. Total Immunoglobulin and lysosime was higher treatments with higher vitamin C and E (p<0.05). The conclusion of this study have shown that the best dos of vitamin C and E in diet was 300 and 30 mg/kg regularly. Also the results shown that there was an interaction between this two supplements in Caspian Salmon diet.

In this study, the effects of different dietary levels of Azolla meal were investigated on growth performance and digestibility of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings during 60 days. Five experimental diets approximately iso-protein (30%) and iso- lipidic (10%), were formulated with different levels of Azolla meal consisting of 0, 15, 25, 35 and 45%, respectively. In each experimental treatment, triplicate groups of common Carp fingerlings (16.5±0.2 g) were used in a completely randomized design. Twenty fish were assigned to each experimental unit and stocked in 300 L tank. The results showed that the use of Azolla meal up to 15% had no negative effect on growth performance. The growth of fish was reduced significantly with increasing Azolla meal level of more than 15% of diet. Based on results, the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter decreased with increasing Azolla meal in diets. The highest ADC of protein was observed in control treatment. However, no significant difference was observed between the treatment 2 (diet with 15% Azolla meal) and control (without Azolla meal) for ADC of protein. In general, results of the present study showed that Azoll meal can be used up to 15% in Cyprinus carpio diet.

The effect of dietary containing of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis in three groups including commercial, commercial-indigenous and indigenous was investigated on the immune parameters (glucose, albumin, total protein, lysozyme, cortisol, immunoglobulin M (IgM)) and the intestinal flora of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) post larvae. The shrimp were fed for 60 days with four different diets: control (without probiotics), diet T1 supplemented with 1.5×106 CFU g-1 commercial probiotic, diet T2 with 1.5×106 CFU g-1 commercial-indigenous probiotic, diet T3 with 1.5×106 CFU g-1 indigenous probiotic. At the end of experimental period, the levels of biochemical parameters (glucose, total protein, lysozyme, cortisol, IgM) of shrimp fed probiotic diets were significantly higher than in those shrimps fed the control diet for 60 days. However, albumin concentrations showed no significant difference between the experimental treatments and the control, but increased by 1.19, 1.15 and 1.14 after 60 days of feeding with diets T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Likewise, population density of Bacillus bacteria counted in digestive tract of shrimps treated with probiotic were significantly higher than the control group. Results of this study indicated that the addition of probiotic bacili can improve immune parameters and modulates intestinal microbiota of shrimp (L. vannamei) post larvae.

Intra species hybridizations have been extensively used to produce varieties with superior characteristics for use in aquatic animals. In this study, maternal effects, general and specific combining ability, heterosis and inbreeding depression of growth-related traits, including weight gain, changes in length, weight, body length and width, as well as losses in the form of a complete diallel cross in pure and cross breed results is analyzed in three strains of Green and Albino Tiger Barb. The results showed that the highest rates of maternal effects on traits was related to species such as Albino and mother line had the best performance compared to other species. General combining ability for Green Barb in the three traits (body weight, body length and width) and two species of Albino trait body weight gain and changes was higher during the performance. Comparison of the ability of a particular compound represents an albino genetic gene pool as well as line paternal mother, in combination with other two species. Investigation about the amount of heterosis showed that its value in four traits of length, weight, length and width, were negative, but the rate of weight gain and mortality were positive. These two traits indicated high genetic distance between parents. The inbreeding depression, the highest rate of body length and the lowest among growth traits were related to weight gain.

As pearling has been banned in Iran since 2006, stocks of pearl oysters has not been investigated during these years; therefore, condition of natural habitats for Pinctada radiata in its old habitats was surveyed in present research. Shallow waters around Hendorabi Island were searched with diving and two habitats namely “Sooleh” and “Sahel-e-sheni”, were considered for study. The pearl oysters had most distribution in these habitats in depth ranges of 7 to 12 m and 8 to 11 m, respectively. Total stock in Sooleh and Sahel-e-sheni was surveyed near 35700 and 12563 Pinctada radiata, respectively, of which 22% and 67% were catchable, respectively. Catch Per Unit of Area (CPUA) in Sooleh and Sahel-e-sheni habitats was estimated equal to 0.3 N/m2 in both habitats, and Catch Per Unit of Effort (CPUE) in these habitats was calculated equal to 59.5 N/hr and 50.3 N/hr, respectively. Results of this study demonstrated that area, stocks and CPUA for studied habitats were less than previous years. Despite of interdict of pearling in this region since 7 years ago, stock revival has done slowly.

Effects of replacement of irradiated and non-irradiated pea powder with fish meal as an alternative protein source in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diet were investigated on growth parameters and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) levels. For this purpose, 245 rainbow trouts with an average 60±4 g weight of were randomly divided into seven treatments. Dietary treatments included 20, 30 and 40% replacement of fish meal with peas without irradiation, 20, 30 and 40% replacement of fish meal with pea-irradiated (to reduce anti-nutritional factors) and no manual feed peas (control treatment), respectively. To eliminate anti-nutritional compounds peas, the electron beams were used. Fish rearing was done in 300 l fish tank for 8 weeks. Bioassays were conducted on days zero and 56. Bioassay tests were conducted at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Also on day 56, the blood samples of the fish were undertaken to determine the amount of thyroid hormone. Results showed that irradiated and non-irradiated pea replacement up to 40% in the diet of Rainbow trout had no negative impact on fish growth parameters compared with the control diet. Furthermore, the use of irradiated and non-irradiated peas up to 40% had no negative impact on thyroid hormone secretion. The results showed that pea powder as a vegetable protein is a good substitute for fish meal in Rainbow trout diet.