Woman in Development and Politics
Year:2015 | Volume:13 | Issue:2|Papers Count:9

The precise question of this article is: do women and men spend their money in the same way or not? Answering this question a mixed method was designed. Qualitative data was gatherd by using semi structured interview and questionnaire was the technique for data gathering in survey. Findings showed that women usually are playing role of executive function but men have strategic control over money; then they usually make strategic decision on monetary matters of family. Money which women have usually is sort of especial purpose money. Women’s Rate of savings and investment is increasing by age. On the contrary we can not see the same situation among men. Compared men; women spend their money for different resons and also invest it in different ways.

While men’s violence is assessed within their social life, women’s violence is attributed to personal factors, such as mental stress, aggression and/or womanish nervousness, regardless of social factors. Unlike such a common interpretation that tries to associate violence of women with interpretations of stereotypes and individual, in this article, violence of women will be explained in terms of life experiences. The present study is a qualitative study conducted by in-depth interviews with 30 women who have been in prison for committing violent crimes at the time of the interviews (between 2012 to 2014), it was found that women are mainly exposed to violence, and the interpretation of violent crimes of women is not possible regardless of structural inequalities, gender inequalities, marginalization and powerlessness. The story of the women interviewed shows that women’s violence reflects their lifestyle which is intertwined by the exclusions and discrimination of individual, family and community; in other words, women’s violence can be considered as a kind of opposition against the conditions that constantly put them into the victim position. Backgrounds and lifestyles of the women under study show that many of them experienced physical, emotional, mental violence and sexual abuse during their childhood, or they have constantly been exposed to mandatory and aggressive relationship due to forced and early marriage which in fact reflects the cultural definitions of the role of men.

This article aims to study the causes, strategies and consequences of tobacco consumption among women and young girls. This research using qualitative methods, data-driven approach to theorizing (grounded theory) and a semi-structured interview technique was interactive. The population of the study included women and young girls, living in the city of Shiraz. Using purposeful and theoretical sampling, with 37 girls and women who were involved in these types of using tobacco, were interviewed.The results showed that water-pipe use among respondents factors include: being with friends, equalitarian, modernization, enjoyment, change in leisure activity and pressure. Two factors (lack of barriers and adjacent areas) as well as the underlying cause (adjacent family) are intervening factors in smoking hookah. Strategy girls and young women in the use of hookah include: Continued use of hidden or revealed by abstinence and implies intensifying and changing consumption patterns. According to the study, tobacco use, consequences such as the spread of disorder and damage, regret and guilt and social invalidity Has brought.

This paper studies the effect of gender differences in mate preference in one of the major Iranian online dating services. To best of our knowledge, there are only few similar studies conducted with this objective focusing on Iran. A quantitate approach is utilized in this paper which is inferred from a database of approximately 84 thousands of users from various geographical location inside Iran. Statistical analysis of this paper concentrates on two important criteria; (1) Personal/Parental qualities (which includes: honesty, kindness, faith and trustworthiness, fidelity, being funny and loving travel) and (2) Attractiveness/Social Status (which includes: looks, education, income, family status and being born in Tehran). The study concludes that men tends to prefer qualities such as looks, honesty and fidelity while women mostly prefer qualities such as being born in Tehran, education, faith and trustworthiness, family status and income over other qualities.

Using cross-provinces and panel regressions, this paper investigates the interrelationship between gender equality and fertility in Iran for the2007-2012 period. The article attempt to explain the low fertility rate in Iran by distinguishing two types of gender equity i.e. gender equity in individual-oriented institutions and gender equity in family-oriented institutions. For this purpose two models.i.e. Fertility and gender equality models are estimated. The first model show that as income equality (in general, and gender equality in labor market) increases, fertility follows a U shape pattern. Second model, confirm a U shape relationship between fertility increase and gender equality (in general and in education). The results argue that the transition from very high fertility to replacement-level fertility in Iran has been associated with a rapid shift toward high levels of gender equity in individual institutions such as education but low levels of equality in market employment, in combination with high level of gender equity within the family and low level of family-oriented institutions.

Despite the presence of women in higher education and qualification levels of public decency, a small number of women in management positions have been appointed and the result of the absence of organizational decision-making power of less than men. In this research, organizational culture and consequently gender as the most important factor influencing corporate power distribution is considered. The method used descriptive correlational study. The target population included all staff Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (1250 patients) were formed. The sample size was set to 300. A questionnaire was used to collect the required data; the results showed that there is a significant relationship between organizational culture and Distribution power. Organizational culture predicts the distribution of power within the organization. Distribution of power between the two groups, there was significant differences between men and women and According to the mean values of the two groups of men and women can be concluded that The distribution of power in the organization, significantly more men than women.

In the last few decades, Iran has experienced sharp fertility decline.Studies indicate that women have a major role in childbearing.This paper examines the relationship between family power structure and fertility behavior in the Tehran city. The data is collected information from around 400 women who are married and have at list a child in the Tehran city. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that the relationship between accessing to valuable resources (education, employment, economic capital), women's mental autonomy, division of household labor, attitudes to gender inequality and family power structure with fertility is insignificant. The results of the logistic regression analysis indicated that among all different variables, accessing to valuable resources and division of household labor are the strong determinants of dependent variable; as fertility rate reduces with the rise in accessing to valuable resources and decline in partnership in division of household labor.Women’s autonomy is the other important variable affecting fertility rate; as fertility rate reduces with the rise in Women’s autonomy. Given the results of this study, population policies in Iran in order to facilitate childbearing for couples should provide opportunities in which women could be able to continue their economic activity, have their social participation, maintain and strengthen their power in family as well as promoting childbearing.