Journal of Sugar Beet
Year:2017 | Volume:32 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:9

Bolting results in fibrous root formation, impurity increase and quality reduction in sugar beet. In order to develop bolting tolerant hybrid, 464 tetraploid pollinators were evaluated in three regions including Kashmar, Darab, and Moqan, Iran in 2009-10. Eleven selected pollinators were crossed with a diploid female parent. Bolting tolerance and quantitative and qualitative traits of triploid hybrids together with five tolerant controls were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Safiabad Agriculture Research Centre in 2011-12.Significant difference was observed among cultivars for bolting percentage. The minimum (1.02%) and maximum (8%) bolting was observed in (474*7112) * (19669–9–HSF–4) and (474*7112) * (19669–11–HSF–8) hybrids, respectively. Significant difference was observed among the hybrids for root yield and white sugar yield. The maximum (9.80t.ha-1) and maximum (5.83 t.ha-1) white sugar yield was obtained in (474*7112) * (19669–2–HSF–4) and (474*7112) * (12460–2–HSF–2) hybrids, respectively.Based on the results, hybrids derived from the pollinators 19669–9–HSF– 4 and 19669–11–HSF–8 showed the minimum and maximum bolting percentage, respectively. In conclusion, the hybrid (474*7112) * (19669–7–HSF–2) is recommended as superior hybrid for sowing in Khuzestan province and similar regions.

Sugar beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt), is one of the limiting factors of sugar beet growth. Considering the importance and magnitude of this nematode distribution in Iran and also to decrease its destructive damage, use of resistant varieties is recommended. Prerequisite for resistant variety development is resistant genotype availability. In this study, resistance of 70 sugar beet genotypes to sugar beet cyst nematode was evaluated in a completely randomized design with three replications in the greenhouse and in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the field condition in Isfahan, Iran. Data analysis was performed using SAS software and cluster analysis was done by SPSS software. Results showed that genotypes 53 (SB-2), 69 (NE 0911), and 16 (SB32-HSF-5) had the minimum number of cysts, and genotypes16 (SB32-HSF-5) and 5 (SB31-HSF-2) had the lowest rates of eggs, larva and reproductive factor, respectively. The genotypes 16 (SB32-HSF-5) and 5 (SB31-HSF-2) were identified as the most resistant genotypes and were placed in the same cluster. Therefore, these genotypes can be used in breeding programs for resistant variety development.

In this study, digital photography was used to estimate canopy cover, leaf area index and nitrogen uptake by sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). For doing this, Pars cultivar was sown in a silt clay loam soil for two years, 2012-14. Irrigation treatments included 100 and 50% of irrigation requirement and nitrogen treatments in four levels including 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1. Photos were taken during the growing season using Canon digital camera. Main bands of red, green, and blue (RGB) were extracted from photos using ILWIS software and different combinations of the main bands were prepared. Then, correlation of the obtained combinations with the absorbed N was determined. Results showed a high correlation (0.84) between GMR index (green band minus red band) and the absorbed N. Canopy cover was estimated using MATLAB software and its correlation with the GMR index was 0.78. Extinction coefficient was estimated to be 0.49 for the initial period of sugar beet growth.

In order to study the physiological aspects of water deficit stress on important quantitative traits of 14 sugar beet genotypes, a two-year experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replicates at Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Karaj, Iran in 2009-10. Two irrigation levels including S1 (normal irrigation after 80 mm evaporation from the class A pan) and S2 (irrigation after 180 mm evaporation) were applied by changing the irrigation round. Irrigation was performed similarly for both treatments from planting to the establishment (6-8 leaf) stage and thereupon applied based on evaporation from the class A pan. The highest root yield belonged to the genotypes SBSIDR-5, SBSIDR-8 and SBSIDR-14 and the lowest ones to SBSIDR-2, although all genotypes were placed in one group. Furthermore, the effect of year on potassium and sodium was significant. In SBSIDR-5, SBSIDR-1, and SBSIDR-7 genotypes, the Na level was the least while in SBSIDR-4 it was high. Compared with SBSIDR-1, SBSIDR-5, SBSIDR-6, SBSIDR-7, SBSIDR-9 and SBSIDR-10, SBSIDR-4 was placed in different group. In conclusion, genotype SBSIDR-5 was selected as the best pollinator.

In order to evaluate the infection rate of different sugar beet lines and cultivars toS. ocellatella, 24 sugar beet lines and cultivars were evaluated under natural infection in the field in Karaj, in 2013.Considering the presence of several generations of the pest, the infection rate treatments were evaluated during the growing season (eight stages, every 10days).After last sampling on 16 September, treatments were classified to four groups (low, medium, high, and very high infection) based on standard deviation distance from mean. The commercial varieties Paya, Marak, and 7K43 were placed in low infection group, whereas Rosire, Dorothea and the male line of Jolgeh in the very high infection group. Based on field observations, the first symptoms of the pest infection were emerged at 6-8-leaf stage early July; however, the infection percentage was low early July (less than 0.34-1.37%) and increased to more than 50% in August. In general, it is recommended that in sugar beet breeding programs, the resistance potential of the cultivars be used for damage control.

In this study, 10 ecotypes of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Y.) collected from infected sugar beet fields in Ardabil, West Azerbaijan, Qazvin, Khorasan Razavi and Alborz provinces were evaluated for germination rate and percentage. The effects of seed storage duration and scarification with sulfuric acid 98% on seed dormancy and germination characteristics of the ecotypes were studied in the growth chamber and their ability to infect sugar beet was studied in the greenhouse.Experiments were carried out in completely randomized design with four and three replications in the growth chamber and greenhouse, respectively. Significant difference (p£0.01) was observed among the ecotypes for all studied traits. The minimum and maximum germination percentage of the ecotypes before sulfuric acid treatment was 3 and 29%, and after treatment reached to 13 and 87%, respectively. The highest impact of acid treatment was observed in the ecotype collected from Parsabad, Moghan. The ecotype collected from Jahanabad, Qazvin, showed negative response to acid treatment and its germination decreased. Seed storage for one year did not influence the seed dormancy break. There was significant difference (p£0.01) among the ecotypes for seedling length, fresh and dry weight of 1000-germ (1000-seedling). The minimum seedling length (3.2 cm) and dry weight of 1000-germ (0.09g) was observed in Jahanabad ecotype. The ecotypes were also significantly different (p£0.01) for aggressiveness and infection. Ecotypes collected from Urmia and Meshkindasht of Alborz had the maximum and minimum aggressiveness, respectively. Although, the biological behavior of the parasitic dodder weed did not follow a constant pattern, identification of their biological characteristics can be useful in the progress of management programs to control the weed.

A total of 2884 Expressed Sequence Tags (EST) and genomic sequence of FLC-Like gene, a major gene controlling the flowering time in sugar beet, were extracted from NCBI database. After sequence alignment and construction of unrepeated primers, all contigs were surveyed for identification of 2-6 bp SSRs. Then, specific primers were designed from the conserved regions around the SSRs. Three hundred consensus sequences (14% of all EST sequences) contained SSRs with an average of 4.6 kb of expressed region of genome for one SSR. Trinucleotide repeats were the most frequent (36.33%) SSRs. Among the 15 specific primer pairs tested with PCR on 12 beet accessions, cultivars, and lines, six polymorph markers were identified four of which were the sequences of the flowering genes. These markers were able to generate 2-4 alleles per locus with minimum and maximum polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.4 and 0.66, respectively. This EST-SSRs dataset and new identified SSR markers may be used as important sources for genetic and taxonomic studies, molecular breeding and identification of sugar beet varieties in the future studies.

The aim of this study was to determine the co-authorship collaboration coefficient in the papers published in Journal of Sugar Beet. The study was conducted using scientometric method and 224 articles published during 2001-2015. Results showed that in a 15-year period, 396 authors contributed 806 times in writing 224 articles. About 85% of the authors were male and the rest were female. Ninety-nine percent of the articles were written by Iranian authors and the rest by authors from other countries including Syria, England, Germany, and Belgium. Authors from Sugar Beet Seed Institute with frequency of 235 times (29.2%) took the first place followed byIsfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center (54 times)and Tehran University (38 times), respectively. Most of the authors showed tendency to group writing or co-authorship so that 92% of the articles were published in multi-authorship format. Among the multi-authorship articles, 29.5% had four authors. The co-authorship collaboration coefficient was 68.2% which indicates high collaboration and coauthorship sprit among the authors of this journal.

Beet curly top is caused by the beet curly top virus. Due to the importance of resistant varieties in the control of this disease, 54 genotypes together with a susceptible control were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in naturally infected field condition at Agricultural Research Station of Mahidasht, Kermanshah in 2012. The disease severity evaluation was carried out in September. Tissue Blot Immuno Assay (TBIA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers were used for BCTV detection in the genotypes studied. Statistical analysis of field data showed significant difference among the genotypes for BCTV resistance. Serological and molecular analyses confirmed the infection of 45 of 55 genotypes studied. In conclusion, 10 genotypes including 89023, S1-89035, S1-89032, S189006, S189018, O.T.607-21-88, O.T.607-34-88, 31374, S1-89026 and O.T.13687-6-88 with minimum infection were considered as resistant genotypes.