GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH QUARTERLY
Year:2004 | Volume:36 | Issue:47|Papers Count:11

Because of Sub -Tropical high Pressure Influence, arid regions such as steppes, deserts and Kewir extanded in the most parts of Iran. Human destructive function also intensified under these conditions. On the other hand, importance of the desertic and steppic regions in Iran must be cosidered to undrestand ecological environments. Under human preSSl,lrep,lant and animal ecologyhad a retrogradation. In Rood - e - shoor basin, study of ecosystem, specially with intensive vegetation and interesting food chains, immigrant birds, must be on priority. Sweeping, rubbish and also invasion of dangerous insects are essential impacts on environment and also on human in this studied area.

One of the main obstacles of sustainable developmenthas been the limitation of water resources and the shortage of precipitation. In orther to challenge this problem, cloud seeding is considered one of the modem methods in this respect. One of the most necessary factors in suitable site selection for cloud seeding is precipitation climatology. The present research has been performed in this region, using of daily precipitation data of regionstaionsin 20 yearstatisticalperiod. Findings of this research show that more than 80 percent of yearly rain in this region has been in winter and early in spring (between December to Aprill) while more than go percent of this rain is in winter. The rain is not the same in all places and isohyet is more than 300mm so that the fuost yearly rain is an the central high mountains such as Hezar, laleh zar and the Barez mountaions. About 35 Percent of rain in the most region stations devotes to rainy periods of heavy (between 10 to 3Omm)and rainy periods of exceptional (more than 30mm). More than 60 percent of wet periods is made up one day rain 30 percent of two day successive rain and less than 10 percent 3 or greater day rain. Rainy periods of heavy and exceptional and 3 or greater - day rains are also in centeral mountains of this region. Therefore from December till Aprill and the southern slops of central mountains of region, have provided suitable conditions for the performance of cloud seeding projects.

The Talesh mountains consist of a variaty forms resulted form glacier erosion. The action of dynamic morphogenes depends on the climatic conditions, but the present climatic conditions do not allow these forms to be built, therfore, the existence of such forms is emphasising a change in climatic situations and, as a result, a change in morphogenes system in this part of our country. Due to the immunity of these forms to erosion, the time of their formation dates back to the global pleistocence climatic changes. Recognition of these forms happened though aerial potograph the area cover topographic maps and area abservation. Recognizing the source of sediments was done throug their sampling and analysis. The geomorphologic investigated evidence in this research consist of Cirques, glacial valleys, erratic block, morains, and the ice-eroded surface. The average snow-line resulted form this research for the Talesh Mountains was caluclated to be 2360 meters but due to their neighbouring with caspian sea, some location-related factors have caused some variations in the altitude of snow-line in a way that the snow-line altitude in the east side was calculated to be 1800 meters, south side to be 2400 meters and west side to be 2900 meters. The morphogenes of the Talesh Mountions was done through two systems of glacierand sub-glacier erosion during the cold periods of pleistocene.

Lut Desert is one of the most interesting features in the world view point of wind erosion forms and some geomorphologic features, such as sand dune, Yardangs and desert pavement. In this study, we used 7 bands of Landsat TM data and colour composites dated 1987 and 1988, aerial photos (1/20.000) topographic maps (1/250.000 and 1/50.000) field work and remotely sensed softwares. The obtained results have shown that 6 TM reflective bands and TM thermal band are very usefull in the study of water resources, soil surface moisture and rivers. The result of principal component analysis and other image processing have shown that remotely sensed data are very usefull in the study of Lut desert in a manner of time and money saving.

In this study, the conditions of 11 border provinces of Iran including Ardabil, west and East Azarbaijan, Kordestan, Kerrnanshah, Ham, Khouzestan, Horrnozgan, Sistan & Blouchestan, and Khorassan with respect to certain indicators such as life expectancy, literacy level, birth rate have been explored, using statistical U, T and Z-tests as well as correlationcoefficient. The findings indicate that there are significant differences between internal provinces and border provinces, specially Sistan & Blouchestan, Kordestan, Ham,Kerrnanshah, West Azarbaijan and Hormozgan with respect to the above-mentioned indicators, differences which have resulted in a negative migration balance. On the other hand, the economic dependence of these provinces on adjacent countries can result in their political-cultural disintegrationand consequently in a decline in national identity, power and security.

Land is a physical environment that includes climate, topography, soil, hydrology and vegetation. All of these factors are used for optimization of land utility based on ecological potentials. In this study for land use planing in Khoramabad area (Iran) environmental factors such as slope gradient, aspect, geology, vegetation, altitude, rainfall and soil maps were provided. The evaluation of land potential was studied by using Critic weighting method in GIS environment. Using specific GIS functions such as overlay and buffering, the utility of the area for different land uses such as agriculture, tourism, forest and pasture was determined. The result of this study indicates that the area has the potential possibility for development of agriculture, pasture and forestry about 35, 26, 20 percent of area respectively.The remaining of the study area is specified to bare land and other utilities.

The main purpose of this thesis is the recognition and examination of rose water extraction industry and its side activities like rose nourishing, perfume and herbal extracts production in Qamsar as the most suitable and important region in the country and finally the following results are obtained: With regard to the special characteristics of Qamsar and its natural and enuironmental potentials and its substructures in the field of rosd water extraction industry and on the other hand the lucrative unique past record of the industry in this town (the industry which contrary to many other handicrafts is somhow a complementary industry usingraw agricultural products.) and also the in creasing consumption of rose water in food stuffs, nutrition, medical, pharm a ceutical and ornamentalutilizations and the most important of all the monopolistic feature of the industry shows high potentials of the town in this field. Another important note about Qamsar is its situation in an enduring local and special dead end which keeps the town away from the cource ao development and so missing its advantages, as a result no new economical activities like industrial investment will be accomplished.On of the obvious examples is the silent industrial city of Qamsar. However this structural problem will br prolonged. There for the first step in beginning economical activities and transformation in the process of development in the region, without relianceon any other investment and only depending on local potentials as an obvious example of an inheret and durable developmentis the expansion of rose water extraction industry only.

One of the most important pieces of evidence for the impact of fault lines is the geomorphological characteristics of the landforms around them. Meanwhile, the fans and their hierarchical situation, with regard to time, place and their topography are the most distinct of these characteristics. This article investigates the morphotectonic rift of Mighan in Arak. The research, explains the hydrologic correlation between Masileh basin and Mighan depression until the late Pleistocene era, so that, Mighan rift was considered as one of the sub-basins of Masileh playa during that era. Finally, the research findings show that Tabarteh and Talkhab fault margins and their graben subsidence have caused the separation of Mighan depression from Masileh basin. Investigatingthe present evidence shows that some of them, such as the morphology of old fans and new fans, situation, direction and uplifting of faults, sedimentology of Mighan playa and also the altitude difference between old fans planes and, the watershed between Mighan basin and Masileh depression are the most important pieces of evidence which prove this theory.

The term "wind" is often associated with general landscapes in arid desert lands. Althoughthis association is treated as an integral part of the morphinic processes of winds, yet it cannot be considered to be the only aspect of wind processes in such regions. Sea-waves generate a grate deal of the landscape of sand dunes in areas adjacent to the sea. However, areas with high humidity, compared with those having an arid climate, play an important role in transporting and fixing sand dune. Preglacial areas, unlike arid regions, can also be regarded as a scene where winds are active. A good example of this situationis provided by loess as an end product of such actions. This paper deals with the action of waves and the way in which they relate to winds, andtries to explain the relationship between wind forms and the distribution of their spatial patterns. Two main conclusions of the paper are (1) the verification of the first principle of g concerning grains less than 150 microns in size, and (2) the generation of coastal morphic landscapes through the action of low-frequencyand high density winds.

Not long tims ago, lrak was considered among green and tidy areas but nowadays it has turned into one of the most polluted cities of Iran. In 1960s it was chosen as one of industrial poles of the country and during and after industrialization period, it was hosted to a large amount of immigrants and it was the begining of various environmental pollutions and becoming more severe in recent decades. Aside from the industrial pollutions, are social and cultural aspects that unforunately have been less taken into consideration. In other words, after the vast immigration to the city and changing the lands into residential areas, not significant actions have been taken against them. Furthermore, there is no great change in life style, protecting the residential area among the resident immigrants after urban life In fact, these immigrations, have made Irak a good location for working but not for living. In this research, the cultural roots, affecting the environmental pollutions of the city as well as the attitude of the resident to the residential area have been curefully studied.