Hormozgan Medical Journal
Year:2011 | Volume:14 | Issue:4|Papers Count:15

Introduction: Malaria is still an important health problem in southern Iran. Anopheles stephensi is one of the most important vectors of malaria, especially in urban areas. Because of long time of chemical insecticides against vectors in endemic areas and their potential resistance to such chemicals, it is necessary that vectors continuously to be assessed against susceptibility level. We aimed to investigate the susceptibility or resistance of Anopheles stephensi against five in-used insecticides in Hormozgan province, 2008.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, mosquitoes were captured from Minab districts. Five chemical insecticides including DDT 4%, Fenithrothion 1%, Bendiocarb 0.1%, Lambdacyhalothrin 0.05% and Deltamethrin 0.05% were assessed. Susceptibility tests were achieved using WHO standard kits and standard Diagnostic doses impregnated papers. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.Results: Anopheles stephensi (Minab strain) was susceptible to Bendiocarb and Deltamethrin (100% mortality rate), however, it had some tolerance compared to others. Mortality rates to DDT, Fenithrothion and Lambdacyhalothrin were 97%, 95% and 98%, respectively.Conclusion: It seems that Deltamethrin and Bendiocarb are the best and most effective chemical insecticides control Anopheles stephensi. It is better to use such insecticides in the least effective dose and rotation.

Introduction: The most common manifestation of thyroid malignancy is thyroid nodule. In few studies, pathologic findings of malignancy were seen in patients who were undergone thyroidectomy because of causes other than malignancy. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the rate of malignancy in patients who undergone thyroidectomy.Methods: In this retrospective multi central study, 765 out of 802 patients who had undergone thyroidectomy in Bandar Abbas and Tehran Taleghani hospitals were evaluated from 1376 till 1386. The FNA (Fine Needle Aspiration) results before operation and pathologic results after operation were classified by AACE standard into benign (multi nodular goiter,hoshimotoo's thyroiditis,simple or blood containing cysts, and follicular adenomas) and malignant groups (papillary malignancy of thyroid, primary lymphoma of thyroid, follicular malignancy of thyroid, hurtle cell malignancy of thyroid ,malignant metastatic lesions). The data were analyzed with SPSS software.Results: Preoperative cytology showed that 432 cases (73.8%) were benign, 79 of cases (13.8%) were malignant, 55 (9.6%) suspicious, 5 (0.9%) inadequate and 11 (1.9%) were unremarkable. Pathologic results of 222 patients (29%) were malignant and 534 (71%) were benign. Specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive value of FNA were 56.5, 97.6, 88.6 and 87.2, respectively.Conclusion: In this study, FNA had low sensitivity for diagnosis of malignancy of thyroid. Results showed that despite a negative FNA result, multiple FNAs and follow up of thyroid are recommended.

Introduction: Alopecia Areata is a chronic recurrent nonscarring skin disease characterized by sudden Asymptomatic localized hairless. Alopecia Areata can cause emotional and psychosocial distress in affected individuals. Personal appearance due to patchy hairloss may affect patients social relationship and change in quality of life. This study is designed to investigate the effect of Aleopecia Areata on quality of life in Bandar Abbas, Iran.Methods: In this case-control study, 50 patients of confirmed Alopecia Areata disease referred to Shahid Mohammadi hospital dermatology clinic and 50 age, sex and education matched individuals were selected as cases and controls. Demographic characteristics were collected and severity of disease measured by Oslen/Corfield method. Quality of life was evaluated by WHOQOL/BREF questionnaire. Data were analysed by SPSS software using descriptive methods as well as Chi-Square and t tests.Results: The results showed a significant difference in mental health and social relations in cases compare to control group (P<0.05), but there was not a significant difference in other quality of life aspects. Quality of life mean in mental health and social relations aspects in male cases were significantly less than that in control group, while in none of the quality of life aspects there was a significant different in female cases and controls.Conclusion: This study reveals that although the disease with any severity and in each age can affect quality of life, the severity of its effect in males is higher than that in females.

Introduction: Searching the methods improving wound healing is always one of the major subjects of interest. Alkanna tinctoria is applied as a wound dressing since ancient times in traditional medicine; however its healing effects was not evaluated histologically. Methods: 96 male Sprague – Dawley rats were randomly divided into three (experimental, placebo, and control) groups. On the basis of defined periods, each group was subdivided into four subgroups with eight rats in each subgroup. Animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of Ketamine hydrochloride and Xylazine, and a full-thickness incision was made on the skin of each rat at the side of back region. Experimental and placebo groups received treatment with Alkanna tinctoria root ointment and Vaseline, respectively. Treatment was continued twice a day till euthanasia on defined periods. Control group received no treatment. Animals were euthanized with intracardiac injection of Ketamine hydrochloride in defined periods. A specimen were taken from the injured area and was placed in 10% formalin solution. The specimens were processed and sectioned in 5 micrometers. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and studied microscopically. Finally, the data were analyzed statistically using Kruskal-Wallis test. Differences were considered significant at P<0.05. Results: Data showed significant (P<0.05) difference in extent of inflammation (day 7), intensity of inflammation (days 5 and 7) among experimental, placebo, and control groups. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that Alkanna tinctoria cxhibit anti-inflammatory effect(s) and could improve wound healing through reducing extent and intensity of inflammation.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the major diabetic phenomenon leading to early death. The incidence of cardiovascular disease is reduced by controling blood pressure (BP), lipid modification and blood glucose level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients based on literacy level, knowledge and diabetic-related behavior.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in diabet clinic in Bandar Abbas, Iran. 256 diabetic patients were enrolled during July, June and August 2007. Patients were classified into 2 groups: Literate and, Low-literate. Cardiovascular risk factors including HbA1c, LDL-cholesterol, Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC) and HDLCholesterol were measured by enzymatic methods. With 2 standard questionnaires we evaluated knowledge, attitude and behavior related diabetes in these patients. In addition we measured blood pressure and BMI by standard methods. Data analysis was carried out with one way ANOVA, t-test and correlation analysis.Results: 52% of patients were illiterate and 73% of patients had BMI more than 25. The mean BMI and TG in females were significantly greater than men (P<0.05). The those in mean LDL in illiterate patients were higher than in low-literate patients. Knowledge and diabetic-related altitude in illiterate patients was significantly lower than the other group. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between blood glucose levels in both groups. The effect of cardiovascular risk factors among illiterates was higher. Hence we suggest that implementing a punctual educational intervention for each group could be useful.

Introduction: Presence of bacteria in blood is a serious cause of hospitalization, morbidity and mortality in pediatric. Microbial culture of blood samples is the most reliable technique to identify the responsible bacteria and determine antibiotic susceptibility. Extensive use of antibiotics and increasing prevalence of resistant organisms urged us to expand our knowledge about antibiotic sensitivity of organisms in every region to choose appropriate ones. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and antibiogram pattern of isolated bacteria in pediatric blood culture.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, between April 2007 and March 2008, 919 children with suspicious bacteremia who were admitted to Bandar-Abbas Childrens' Hospital, were investigated. Clinical and microbiologic data of 124 children with positive blood cultures was collected and analyzed by SPSS 13.Results: The incidence of pediatric bacteremia was 6.46% with 10.48% mortality rate. Gram positive bacteria were the predominant isolates (78.2%), common being Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (70.16%) and staphylococcus aureus (9.25%). Klebsiella (13.73 %) and E.coli (6.45%) were the major gram negative organisms. CoNS isolates were largely susceptible to amikacine (90%) and ciprofloxacine (81.6%). S.aureus isolates were 100% sensitive to cefotaxim and cephalexin.Conclusion: Bactermia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality at children. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the local epidemiology of pediatric bacteremia in formulating a rational antibiotics policy.

Introduction: Effective communication among nurses and elderly patients plays an important role in patients’ satisfaction and compliance of physicians’ advices. The aim of this study was to determine communication barriers among nurses and elderly patinents. Methods: The population study of this croos-sectional study was nurses who were working in hospitals of Bandar Abbas. Data were collected through a self-administerated questionare that assess three aspects of communication barriers including nurse-related communication barriers, patient-related communication barriers and environment-related communication barriers. The questionnaires were distributed to 150 nurses in three hospitals. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 30.1 (SD=5.3), 27.7% males and 72.3% females. Lack of intimacy, official behavior, and working without a sincere attitude were the most important nurse-related communication barriers. Mistrust, being tired, forgetfulness and hearing problems were the most important elderly patient-related ones. In environment-related barriers, presence of severely other patients, noisy environment and being in an unpleasant environment were important. In total, nurse-related communication barriers and older patientrelated communication barriers were more important than environment-related communication barriers (P<0.03).Conclusion: It seems that most of nurse-related communication barriers could be reduced by improving communication skills and modifying their attitudes regarding elderly patients.Environmental modifications such as reducing noise levels and using hearing aids or eyeglasses, poor lighting, and uncomfortable temperatures are easy measures by hospital administrators.

Introduction: Depression is one of the prevalent disorders of present century and is the forth costly disorder in the world so that with no doubt it will be the second expensive world disorder in 2015. Some demographic and social factors among the elderly, may cause their depression. This study looks into the relationship between social and demographic factors as well as prevalence of depression among over 60 years old individuals in elderly centers in Shiraz, 2009.Methods: A cross-sectional study on 120 over 60 years old patients (100 women and 20 men) in two different social welfare centers in Shiraz were carried out. 60 people from each center were selected randomly. Beck depression questionnaire and a questionnaire for demographic characteristics of the patients were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using t-test and correlation coefficient.Results: Of the total cases, 65% (78 cases) percent showed mild depression, 25.83% (31 cases) were medium and 9.17% (11 cases) represented as severe depression. Significant relationship was found between marital status, age, activity, income and depression. There was no significant relationship between depression and literacy or number of children. Conclusion: Findings indicate that some demographic and social characteristics among the elderly can increase or decrease the possibility of their depression. Identification of these factors, and appropriate solutions would affect the level and severity of depression.

Introduction: impaired mental health in post partum period could induce problems at communication and social performance. The present study was done in order to determine the influence of delivery method on mental health within postpartum period.Methods: In this cohort study, data were collected by SCL-90-R scale and demographic questionnaire on 227 nulliparous women (113 cesarean section and 114 vaginal deliveries) referred to health services centers in Shahr-e-Babak. The subjects were matched for age, education, job, husband's job and education, planning pregnancy, pleasant baby sex, familial support and mental health in terminal trimester during six-week upon delivery. Chi-square, Mann-whiteny and Wilkcaxon tests were used for analysis.Results: The results indicated that mothers who had cesarean delivery had significantly higher scores of mental disorders in post partum period, (P<0.001) as well as in terminal trimester of pregnancy (P<0.001).Conclusion: Cesarean delivery induces psychological outcomes for mothers, infant and family. Appropriate counselling to pregnant women by health-care providers is advised to select proper delivery method.

Introduction: Scaling and corrosion is one the most important indices in water quality evaluation. Occurrence of scaling or corrosion may create disorder in economy of water and wastewater industry. In addition, corrosion produces by - products in water leading to health problem and reduction of water pipe life-time. In this study, the condition of scaling and corrosion in Bandar Abbas water network was evaluated.Methods: In this cross- sectional study, pipe water network of Bandar Abbas was divided into 15 sections and, randomly 3 samples were taken from each section. Langleier and Rysnar indices and Marble test were used for water quality analysis. Results: Based on Rysnar index, in 20% of samples, water was neutral and in 33% as slightly corrosive. Based on Langleier index in 6.6% of samples, water was neutral and in 93.4% were slightly corrosive. Marbel test showed that all of the tested samples were corrosive.Conclusion: We showed that, there is corrosion potential in Bandar Abbas water network so as proper interference is required. Evaluation of indices shows that, there is significant difference among indices findings; therefore it seems that mono-index evaluation is likely unable to determine the corrosion status or scaling condition. To evaluate water stability or corrosiveness condition, simultaneous indices are recommended.