Hormozgan Medical Journal
Year:2015 | Volume:18 | Issue:5|Papers Count:11

Introduction: When there is a pain requiring focused clinical attention and is associated with emotional and functional disorders, it is called pain disorder. The present study aims to study the role of selective attention, vigilance and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness for predicting pain severity in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pains.Methods: The study population included 180 patients with chronic musculoskeletal entered the study by accessible method sampling from 2 hospitals in Tehran (Iran): Imam Khomeini and Atyeh. They completed Selective Attention Test, questionnaires for Vigilance and Ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and Pain severity Scale.Results: Step-by-step multivariate regression analysis showed that ambivalence can significantly predict emotional expressiveness in patients with selective attention and vigilance were not significant.Conclusion: In musculoskeletal chronic pain, ambivalence can be considered as an emotional determinant influencing pain severity.

Introduction: There are many similarities between memory impairment in patients suffering from Alzheimer and animals treated by Cannabinoids. The agonists of Cannabinoid receptors affect on a variety of memories and leanings. The present study aims to investigate the role of a-1-adrenergic receptors in central region of amygdala in state-dependent learning induced by WIN55, 212-2 (cannabinoid agonist) in rats.Methods: Cannulae placement was performed bilaterally in the central amygdala region of male rats. The rats were trained in the avoidance learning apparatus (step-down model). 24 hours after training, the memory was tested by measuring the lag time for stepping down the platform.Results: Injection of WIN55, 212-2 intra central amygdala (dose-dependent, 0.25, 0.5 mg/rat) post-training reduced lag time/latency for stepping down. Injection induced amnesia was reversed by pre-test administration of the same dose of WIN55, 212-2. It is called state-dependent learning. Pre-test intra-central injection of a-1-adrenoceptor agonist, Phenylephrine (0.5, 0.25 mg/rat) improved post-training WIN55, 212-2 (0.5 mg/rat) intra central injection induced retrieval impairment. But intra injection of Prazosin (0.5 mg/rat) 2 minutes before injection of WIN55, 212-2 (0.5 mg/rat) on the testing day inhibited WIN55, 212-2 state-dependent learning.Conclusion: The results suggest that a-1-adrenergic receptors in central region of amygdala are involved in learning which dependent on the state induced by WIN55, 212-2.

Introduction: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells resulting in the increase of myeloid cells, erythroid cells and platelets in the peripheral blood and hyperplasia in bone marrow. The research evaluated the cytotoxic effects of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Lepidium Sativum (Cress plant) shoots before and after flowering on K562 cell line as a model of CML.Methods: In this laboratory experimental study, the Lepidium Sativum shoots including stems and leaves of the plant before flowering and its shoots after flowering including stems, leaves and flowers were collected from Afoos city (Iran). They were extracted using maceration (50% Ethanol 96% and 50% water) method. K562 cells were cultured. Then the cells were treated with different concentrations of the extract (12.5-100mg/ml) at different time intervals (24, 48 and 72 hour). The Lepidium Sativum cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTT test method before and after flowering against K562 leukemia cells. The absorption was measured using an ELISA plate reader at 540 nm wave length. Data were analyzed using SPSS15 software and one-way ANOVA test analysis as well as Tukey test; where P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: Hydro-alcoholic extracts of Lepidium Sativum showed the most optimum cytotoxicity both before and after flowering with a dose of IC50=25mg/ml and 72 hour after treatment on K562 cell line. In other words, hydro-alcoholic extracts of Lepidium Sativumprepared before and after flowering exhibited a dose and time dependent cytotoxic effect on K562 cell line.Conclusion: Considering the cytotoxic effect of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Lepidium Sativum shoots before and after flowering on K562 cells, the plant can be considered as a potential candidate for further studies on CML treatment.

Introduction: Wilms tumor is one of the most common renal tumors in children. This type of tumor - accounting for 6 percent of tumors in children – shows a good prognosis if treated in time. This study is to investigate the clinical and pathologic findings as well as response to treatment in Iranian children with Wilms tumor treated at Besat hospital of Hamadan (2005-2009).Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study all the 24 children – with confirmed diagnosis of Wilms tumor (by biopsy) treated at hematology ward (Hamadan Besat Hospital) from 2005 to 2009 – were followed up by monthly examination and 3-monthly Para-clinical evaluations after treatment.Results: Patients were at 3 stages of the disease phase at the time of diagnosis. Two patients had unfavorable histology. The most common clinical finding was abdominal mass.2-year survival of the patients in stages 1 and 2, and stages 3 and 4 was 100% and 83%, respectively. Out of the total number of the patients, 4 cases referred with the recurrence of the tumor (16.7%). Two of them were expired.Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that the survival rate observed in this study was better than other studies in this field.

Introduction: The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of creatine and carnitine supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation in athletes.Methods: In this single-blind randomized clinical trial 45 sportsmen were studied selected from Velayat Sports Complex (in Shiraz) in this single-blind randomized clinical trial. Then they were randomly divided into four groups supplemented with: a) Creatine, b) Carnitine, c) Creatine and Carnitine and d) placebo for 28 days. Before and after the intervention, blood samples were taken for measurement of oxidative stress (MDA and GSHPx) and inflammation markers. Data were analyzed using SPSS/PC statistical package (version 18). Paired t-test and ANOVA were used to compare mean values of each groups.Results: No statistically significant difference were found between the IL-6 and MDA mean levels of the intervention groups and placebo group (P>0.05). Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was noted in GSHPx mean values before and after supplementation as well as in comparison to placebo group.Conclusion: Based on the defined dose and duration of supplementation in the present study, creatine and carnitine supplementation showed no effects on oxidative stress and inflammation conditions either separately or simultaneously. Furthermore, no negative and side effects were observed.

Introduction: University students, as the future manpower resources, are of high importance for communities. One of the aspects to focus on is their mental health. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between alexithymia, irrational beliefs, positive and negative emotions with mental disorders in students.Methods: There were 400 students, selected randomly through stratified sampling from different disciplines at Razi University (Kermanshah, Iran). The design of the study was descriptive-correlational. The questionnaires used for collecting data were: Mental Disorders Symptoms (SCL_90), Alexithymia (FTAS-20), Jones Irrational Beliefs tests, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANAS-X). Collected data were analyzed using statistical indices including correlation, regression and fundamental correlation.Results: Data analysis indicated that there was a significant relationship between alexithymia, irrational beliefs and negative emotions with mental disorders. There was a negative significant relationship between positive emotions and mental disorders. Alexithymia, irrational beliefs and negative emotions were capable of predicting mental disorders while positive emotions did not have this capacity. Although about 73% of mental disorders were predicted by irrational beliefs, alexithymia, negative and positive emotions, but negative emotions and alexithymia contributed more than other variables.Conclusion: Alexithymia and irrational beliefs play major roles in mental disorders. These variables explain a high variability rate of mental disorders. They are the predisposing factors for mental disorders. They need more attention in clinical studies.

Introduction: Narrative therapy is a rather new approach based on the postmodern approach in treatment of mental disorders. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of group therapy on reducing identity crisis and mental health improvement of boy students at Divandarreh high schools.Methods: In a semi-experimental study targeting all boy students studying at Divandarreh high schools (2011-2012) where two high schools were randomly selected. GHQ and Berzonsky identity style questionnaires were distributed. Thirty students - whose scores for mental health and identity crisis were 1 standard deviation lower than the average –were randomly divided into trial and control groups. Multivariate covariance analysis was used for the analysis of the data in SPSS software Package (version 19).Results: The findings showed that narrative therapy could be effective for both reducing identity crisis and achieving normal identity. Narrative therapy also effects on improving the mental health.Conclusion: According to the findings of this study as well as the negative impacts of identity crisis on one hand and low mental health on personality development and talent flourish of the individual on the other hand, it is recommended to use narrative therapy for the treatment of such disorders.

Introduction: Nowadays, the success of a hospital administration is not only subject to taking care of hospital internal processes but also identifying the hospital concerns about external processes; that is, the social responsibility of hospitals. It seems one of the factors influencing the acceptance of social responsibility is the management style. This study is going to investigate the relationship between management style and social responsibility at Tehran hospitals.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011. The study population included hospitals and academic medical centers affiliated to Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Universies of Medical Sciences; as well as private hospitals in Tehran (n=94). Census method was employed for collecting data. Tools for collecting data included two questionnaires related to determining the management style and assessing the social responsibility score of hospitals. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive parameters, independent t-test and Chi-square test using SPSS software version 16.Results: The mean score of social responsibility in the studied hospitals was 3.46. The mean score for marketplace, leadership and internal processes, environmental, workplace, and community policies were 3.69, 3.64, 3.4, 3.38 and 3.22, respectively. There was no significant difference between social responsibility score and type of ownership (P>0.05). The mean scores of management styles were not significantly different between public and private hospitals (P>0.05).Conclusion: Social accountability level of the studied hospitals was evaluated as average.To promote the social responsibility level, it is recommended appropriate measures to be taken for the policies of social responsibility, particularly in workplace and society and country policies.

Introduction: Loxoscelism is a medical condition resulting from the envenomation by recluse spiders (Loxosceles spp.), which could lead to necrotic tissue symptoms. The only species of this genus recorded from Iran, Loxosceles rufescens, or the Mediterranean recluse spider, has a cosmopolitan distribution and have already been recorded from numerous parts of Iran, including Bandar Abbas. This study aims to report a case of loxoscelism in Bandar Abbas (southern Iran) for the first time.Patient: This report is related to a 46 year old female patient who referred to infectious ward of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, with acute necrotic clinical symptom on right flank of her trunk due to the bite of a spider.Conclusion: As Loxosceles rufescens have already been recorded from Hormozgan Province, cases of loxoscelism are likely in this region. Diagnosis and treatment of most of the cases is very difficult, because the spider may not be identified correctly and the clinical symptoms are similar to other diseases. This will result in false differential diagnosis of the disease and consequently, delay in appropriate treatment.

Introduction: In spite of public health level improvement in Iran, Malaria is still an important health problem in the southeast corner of the country. Mapping distribution of endemic diseases with their relations to geographical factors has become important for public health experts. This study was carried out to provide the distribution maps of the geographical pathology of Malaria in Iran with emphasis on its vectors.Methods: A systematic literature review was performed and the data and/or metadata were used for evaluation of findings. All available articles and books were used for mapping vectors and parasites, data of Malaria cases were obtained from Iran Center for Diseases Control, Ministry of Health in 2010. Incidence or prevalence of the diseases and also scientific names of vectors with collection details were arranged and mapped as a shapefile in ArcGIS software.Results: About 28 different Anopheles species are found in Iran. Seven maps provided for the main vectors in the country. Distribution maps generated for Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax and co- infection cases. Distribution maps of transmission and endemic areas are provided. Out of 11668 indigenous and transmitted malaria from imported cases in three years leading to 2010, about 9400 cases occurred in south parts of the country where the weather is influenced by Afrotropical zoogeographic region, while 2200 cases occurred in the southeast corner of the country where the weather is influenced by Indo-malayan and only 25 cases were reported in the typical Palearctic area of Iran.Conclusion: Most malaria cases occurred in the southeast corner in Sistan Baluchistan, Hormozgan and south parts of Kerman. There are similarities between malaria transmission conditions in Iran and many tropical and subtropical countries. Such information on vectors, incidence of all cases and environmental factors can be used to set a Malaria Early Warning System and help to prevent and control of malaria.