Hormozgan Medical Journal
Year:2017 | Volume:21 | Issue:1|Papers Count:9

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been known as a complex clinical complication in diabetic patients. The main cause of AKI is ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of GABA on renal IRI in hyperglycemic female and male rats.Methods: Sixty STZ induced diabetic male and female Wistar rats were categorized in 10 groups (5 female & 5 male groups). Groups 1-3 in each gender received GABA (10, 50, 100μmol/kg/day) for 3 days, and then were subjected to renal IRI.Group 4 in each gender was subjected to renal IRI alone, and group 5 was subjected to surgical operation without renal IRI.24 hr after I/R injury, blood sample was obtained, and the animal were sacrificed for pathology investigation.Results: Renal IRI alone increased the serum blood urea nitrogen levels (BUN) and creatinine (Cr), and kidney damage in both male and female rats significantly (P<0.05), however all doses of GABA decreased the serum BUN and Cr levels and tissue damage when compared with control group.Conclusion: From the results of this study it seems that GABA administration in hyperglycemic rats could decrease renal injury after an ischemia/reperfusion.

Introduction: Most neurodegenerative diseases are associated with the disruption of axonal transport and this might also be related to diabetes-associated disorders affecting the nervous system. Cytoplasmic dynein is a very important motor driving the movement of a wide range of cargoes toward the minus ends of microtubules. The effects of endurance training on dynein motor protein expression in Wistar male rats sciatic nerves with diabetic neuropathy were investigated.Methods: Twenty one male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: diabetic control (DC: n=7), diabetic trained (DT: n=7) and Healthy control (HC: n=7). Two weeks post STZ injection (45 mg/kg, i.p.), rats were subjected to treadmill exercise for 5 days a week for over 6 weeks. Levels of mRNA and protein content were determined by Real time-PCR and ELISA.Results: The blood glucose levels and dynein mRNA in both sensory and motor parts and dynein content in sciatic nerves were increased by diabetes (P£0.05). Furthermore, exercise training modulated the dynein mRNA and dynein content to normal levels in diabetic trained rats (P≤0.05). Moreover, exercise training reduced blood glucose levels in the DT rats (P£0.05).Conclusion: The results of the present study confirm that dynein expresses up-regulation in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Increase in the amount of dynein expression can be a compensatory response in the lower trophic support and burden imposed on autophagy system. These alterations suggest that retrograde axonal transport may be impaired in diabetic rats. In addition, endurance training as a non-pharmacotherapy strategy can modulate these alterations.

Introduction: Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation is the main cause of acute kidney damage. Nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis and oxidative stress are closely related to the pathogenesis of renal I/R injury.This study was undertaken to determine the effects of L-arginine (L-arg) as NO donor and aerobic exercise (EX) and also the combination of L-arg with EX on renal I/R injury in male and female rats.Methods: 54 male and female Wistar rats were divided into four groups in each gender as control, L-arginine (L-arg), treadmill exercise (EX), and L-arginine plus exercise (Larg& EX). After 8 weeks of EX, animals were exposed to 45 min of bilateral kidney ischemia followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. We assessed serum creatinine (Cr), Kidney tissue damage score (KTDS), kidney weight (KW), serum nitrite and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.Results: L-arg, EX or combination of L-arg & EX caused a significant decrease in serum level of creatinine (Cr) (P<0.05). KTDS decreased significantly in all female treated groups and male L-arg treated group (P<0.05) when compared with the control group.However, the kidney weight was decreased significantly in male rats (P<0.05) at 24 hr post reperfusion, and such observation was not seen in female. No significant differences were detected in serum nitrite levels between the groups, but combination of L-arg & EX decreased the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in female significantly (P<0.05).Conclusion: Pretreatment with L-arg seems to have protective effects against renal I/R injury. The protective effect of exercise against renal I/R injury seems to be less than Larg but the reno-protective effect of EX increases when combined with L-arg.

Introduction: The validity of Body Mass Index (BMI) based on self-reported height and weight is of critical importance in the proper assessment of studies that rely on questionnaire-derived data. In this study, we evaluate the accuracy of adolescent overweight and obesity classification bpased on self-reported height and weight factors and propose a regression model for predicting the true BMI.Methods: This cross-sectional study has been conducted on 1546 (+18 years og age) living in the south of Iran. The participants were chosen using a multistage sampling scheme. We compare the prevalence of overweight and obesity as well as the mean and standard deviation (SD) of BMI based on self reported and true height and weight. A multiple regression analysis was carried out to build a regression model to predict the true BMI based on sex, age group, and self-reported BMI.Results: The overall mean±SD of BMI for self reported and real data were 25.2±1.9 and 26.3±2.1, respectively. Estimated prevalence of overweight and obesity were 39.3% and 8.7% based on self reported data, and 60.8% and 15.7% based on the true BMI. On average the true BMI was 1.1 kg/m2 and 1.3 kg/m2 higher for men and women, respectively. Consistently over all age groups and weight classes, BMI values computed using exact information were larger than BMI values computed using self-reported data.This finding was more evident for female and obese participants. Regression modeling revealed that sex, age group, and self reported BMI are the most reliable factors for predicting the true BMI.Conclusion: In etiological studies and studies that analyze the relation between various diseases and obesity and overweight, it is preferable to use true values of height and weight. However, in the absence of true data, the suggested regression model can be used to predict the true BMI with a narrow 95% confidence interval and a desirable 95% prediction interval.

Introduction: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is associated with inadequate urine drainage from renal pelvis into ureter. UPJO results from incomplete recanalization of proximal ureter during fetal period which finally leads to hydrostatic distention of renal pelvis and calyces. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, ultrasound, and diuretic isotopic renogram. Various surgical methods are used for treatment including dismembered pyeloplasty which is associated with better outcomes.Methods: Patients with UPJO who were undergone pyeloplasty (in an interval of 2.5 years) were followed and their pre- and postoperative ultrasounds and diuretic isotopic renograms were compared in terms of renal pelvis AP diameter in ultrasound and renal flow rate after injection of diuretics in renal scan.Results: Of 22 patients included in this study, postoperative renal pelvis AP diameter and renal flow rate were reduced in one patient, who then underwent reoperation with a diagnosis of recurrence. Despite normal postoperative renal flow scan, renal pelvis AP diameter in ultrasound had no significant change after surgery than before surgery in 4 patients (mean change 0.5 mm). Pelvis AP diameter was slightly increased in 2 patients (mean change 1.8 mm). Pelvis AP diameter was increased in the remaining 15 patients after surgery (mean 11.3 mm). Renal flow was increased following administration of diuretics in all patients (P<0.001).Conclusion: The present study showed that ultrasound based on renal pelvis AP diameter cannot definitely predict outcomes of patients with UPJO and renal scan is a reliable tool for evaluation of patients clinical and renal function improvement.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to predict cancer survival according to the role of demographic determinants, psychological factors and tumor grade.Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, 350 patients with blood, breast, prostate, lung, stomach and colon cancers (173 patients with cancer survival for more than 2 years and 177 patients with cancer survival for 2 years or less) were selected by convenience sampling method among patients who referred to the Semnan Kosar Hospital and Specialized Cancer Treatment Centers in Semnan. Data was collected by the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Inner Strength Questionnaire (ISQ), Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI), Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-Management (SESSM) and disease-demographic characteristics questionnaires. Data were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis using the SPSS 20 software.Results: Age (P<0.001) and low-grade tumors (P<0.01) have reverse correlation and the post-traumatic growth has positive significant correlation (P<0.01) with cancer survival for more than 2 years survival group. Age (Exp=1.10), low-grade tumors (Exp=4.37) and post-traumatic growth (Exp=1.06) can predict cancer survival for more than 2 years in the cancer patients (P<0.01).Conclusion: Considering the role of age, tumor grade and post-traumatic growth in the prediction of cancer patients’ survival, it can be suggested that preventive programs are important to detect and diagnose cancer and administer tailored interventions in the critical time period.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the protective effects of two types of aerobic and intermittent training on breast cancer as a result of TGFβ protein, Smad-3, and MMP2 gene in female mice.Methods: In the experimental study, a total of 24 female BALB/c mice after Tumorigenesis by MC4-L2 cell line in the three groups; Control, Aerobic, and Intermittent training groups, and under standard conditions were studied. Aerobic continuous training group performed 60 minutes of running on a treadmill with intensity of 60-65% VO2max, 5 days a week and high-intensity intermittent program included six bouts alternates (3 minutes and 20 seconds with intensity of 85–90%VO2max and a minute of recovery with intense 30-35%VO2max between each alternate) for a period of 10 weeks. Data using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test at a significance level of P<0.05 were analyzed.Results: High-intensity intermittent training significantly increased expression of Smad-3 (P<0.03), and protein TGF-b (P<0.000) and decreased the expression of MMP-2 (P<0.000) in tumor tissue than in the control group. Aerobic training also significantly increased the expression of Smad-3 (P<0.03) and protein TGF-b (P<0.000) and decreased the expression of MMP-2 (P<0.04) in tumor tissue than in the control group. No significant differences in gene expression Smad-3 and MMP-2 between training groups was observed (P<0.05), However, there was significant differences in the TGF-b protein between High-intensity intermittent training and aerobic training groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: It seems that high-intensity intermittent and aerobic continuous training can possibly be effective interventions to reduce breast cancer progression and there is not much difference between the effects of two types of training.

Introduction: Requirements Engineering process is a crucial phase in software development. In order to achieve a successful design of health information systems (HISs), applying the best methodologies is essential. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to design pediatrics Epilepsy Information System (EPIS) as well as the use of triangulation approach in elicitation and validation of epilepsy information system requirements in its engineering process.Methods: This applied study was carried out in Bandar Abbas pediatric hospital.Triangulation approach based on three different analyses and validation methods in requirements engineering process was applied. To do the triangulation work, as well as designing a usable system, according to the most common User Centered Design (UCD) methods, we use three well-known methodological approaches in UCD: (a) Object-Oriented System Analysis (OOSA); (b) Hierarchical Task Analysis; and, (c) Prototyping. The results of each of these methods were analyzed by selected clinical staff, iterative cycle in models design also continued until lack of need for new changes. Then final results were presented in a general category in the form of triangulation matrix.Results: 55 high-level requirements with minimum information items to store information of hospitalized epileptic patients obtained from multiple methods. The greatest requirements (84%) were identified or validated in the OOSA step, some requirements (13%) have been identified only in the design and evaluation of prototype.Conclusion: Triangulation approach helped us in confirmation of findings, and finally enhance the credibility of the study. Health informatics specialists should try to use of multiple methods in the early phases of systems design that lead to a rich and comprehensive picture of HIS requirements.