Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research
Year:2011 | Volume:18 | Issue:73|Papers Count:14

Backgroundand Objective:Different pharmaceutical types of metformin are available for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is some doubt about the efficacy of metformin produced by domestic pharmaceutical companies. As a clinical trial, we compared the efficacy and complicationsof metformin produced byan Iranian company with metformin from a Canadian companyin diabetic patients.Materials and Methods:Eighteen eligible women (age range: 32-62 years) with type 2 diabetes received metformin (500 mg twice a day) either from Iranian company or from Canadian company each for 6 weeks period in a randomized, double blind, crossover study. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1C, lipid profile (Chol, TG, HDL, and LDL), weight, and BMI were assessed before and after each treatment phase. The results were compared witheach other by paired sample T-test and Independent sample T-test.Results:Each of the two pharmaceutical types of metformin had the same therapeutic effects on FBS, HbA1C, lipid profile (except for HDL) and BMI. In addition, there was no significant difference between them in side effects (22.2% in each group).Conclusion:According to the beneficial therapeutic effects of Iranian metformin, lower side effects and low cost, in comparison to its Canadian type, it seems that using Iranian metformin would be a suitable choice for control of glycemic patients. However, in this regard, further studies with greater samples are recommended.

Backgroundand Objective:Trace elements have been documented to play an important role in the determination of fetal outcome. It has been reported that the pregnant women in developing countries consume diets with a lower amounts of minerals and vitamins. Zinc is an essential trace element and its deficiency can lead to a variety of disorders.Materials and Methods:This case-control study was carried out at Alavi hospital in Ardabil (Iran) from August 2008- August 2009. Fifty six women who had delivered low- birth- weight infants (<2500gr) were taken as the case group and 56 women with infants with normal birth weight (≥2500gr) were selected as the control group. Venous blood sample were obtained from the mothers. Serum zinc level was determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer method.Results:Mean of birth weight in infants, maternal age, body mass index in mothers and socioeconomic or demographic factors did not differ between case and control groups. Maternal zinc concentration did not differ between Cases and Controls; 55.84 ± 14.40 μg/dl vs.52.16 ± 8.84 μg/dl respectively.Conclusion:Results of this study showed that maternal zinc concentration has no impact on neonatal birth weight deliveries.

Backgroundand Objective:Obesity, a public health problem is growing in prevalence over the past decade. Obesity increases mortality risk and there is evidence that obesity in youth is a more powerful predictor of this risk than obesity in adulthood.The purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of walking exercise in order to reduce obesity in sedentary obese girls.Materials and Methods: This research was carried out on 20 non-athlete volunteer obese girls (BMI>30) between 19-25 years and then were randomly divided in two groups (Control: n=10 and Experimental: n=10). At the beginning and after 2 months, fat mass, percent body fat and lean mass were assessed with bioelectrical impedance equipment (BIA) and serum insulin measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA)analysis. Then the experimental group started to do exercise program which consisted of 30 minutes walking with intensity of %50- %75 of maximal heart rate, 3 sessions in a week for 2 months. The data was analyzed using t-test.Results:The results of this study showed that walking exercise , positively reduced body fat percent and fat mass and increased lean mass in exercise group (p= 0.000). Serum insulinalso significantly decreased(p = 0.008).Conclusion:This study demonstrated that a regular physical activity program such as walking exercise can significantly reduce bodyweight and improve serum insulin in obese girls. In conclusion, it seems that this type of training can be efficient, safe and inexpensive way in order to reduce and prevent obesity.

Backgroundand Objective:Previous studies indicated that morphine consumption during pregnancy could inhibit embryos development. Present study further evaluated the effects of oral morphine consumption on the placenta lacunas development in ten day pregnant Wistar rats.Material and Methods:Female Wistar rats (W: 170-200 gr) were used in the present study. Experimental group were received morphine (0.05 mg/ml of tap water) after one night coupling with male rats for mating. On the day 10th of pregnancy, the pregnant animals were killed with chloroform and the placentas and uterus were removed surgically and fixed in 10% formalin for twenty days. The fixed placentas were processed and stained by H & E method and evaluated for their development. Thickness of layers, surface area of lacuna, as well as the number of cells in both maternal and fetal parts of the placentas was assessed by light microscopy.Results:Our results indicated that the layer thickness of fetal portion and surface area of lacuna of the fetal and maternal portion of placenta reduced in experimental group. In addition, maternal portion layer thickness and cell number of the fetal and maternal portion of placenta increased in the experimental group.Conclusion:Our results showed that oral morphine consumption could inhibit natural function of placenta lacuna and fetal cell development.

Background and objective:Antitumor effect of lactic acid bacteria have been shown in many studies, this effect maybe due to the immunomodulatory properties of these bacteria. In present work we have studied the effect of Lactobacillus (L) acidophiluson the immune responses of BALB/c mice against transplanted tumor derived from breast tissue. Materials and Methods:6-8 week-old in-bred BALB/c mice, each weighing 25–30 g, were used. The mice were divided into two groups each consisted of 9 mice as test and control groups. The L.acidophilus ATCC4356 strain was used in this study. It was inoculated in MRS agar and cultivated overnight under anaerobic conditions then collected and resuspended in PBS. After preparation of proper amount of this suspension it was orally (2.7 ×108 CFU/ml) administered to the mice with a gastric feeding 2 weeks before tumor transplantation and 3 weeks after that, with 3 days break and 7 days administration. The control mice received an equal volume of PBS during the study.Results:Results of the present work showed that L.acidophilus can increase the production of immunomodulatory cytokine IL-12 and decrease the TGF-β which can suppress immune response. Moreover, the growth rate of tumor in group which received L.acidophilus were decreased and the results of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) of this group in 48h were better than control group.Conclusion:The results of our study suggest that daily use of L.acidophilus can regulate immune response with Th1 dominance and may be helpful for cancer immunotherapy, butfurther studies are needed to investigate the other mechanisms of this effect.

Background and Objective:Breathing through the nose and mouth is one of the controversial issues during exercise.The present study was scheduled to investigate a quantitative approach to habitual versus the obligatory switching point from nasal to oronasal breathing during exercise as well as coincidence of soft palate movement as the main aims of this study, that has not been studied previously.Materials and Methods:In this experimental study, twenty-five young adult volunteers (12 males and 13 females) participated in the study. An incremental exercise protocol was incorporated in three protocols for determination of switching point from nasal to oronasal breathing during habitual, obligatory conditions, and determination of change in soft palate position. In two latter conditions, subjects were advised to breathe via nasal route as long as they could. Switching point from nasal to oronasal breathing was determined by a CO2 sensor.Results:Duration of habitual nasal breathing was shorter than tolerated nasal breathing. Obligatory opening of mouth and change in soft palate position were coincident. Ventilation increment at habitual shift from nasal to oronasal respiration was lower than obligatory one. Switching time to oronasal breathing correlated either with ventilation increment or exercise workload. Rate of ventilation was higher in females but switching time was significantly longer in males in three mentioned conditions. In the last two protocols, ventilation incrimination was significantly lower in females.Conclusion:In conclusion, duration of tolerated nasal breathing was longer than habitual one and changes in the position of soft palate occurs simultaneously.

Background and objective: Anemia is present in 60-80% of hemodialysis patients. Recombinant erythropoietin is the treatment of choice for anemia in these patients, but it is expensive. Many researchers have shown the effect of carnitine on anemia. Therefore, this work was designed to evaluate the influence of intravenous carnitine on hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in chronic renal disease patients who were under hemodialysis.Materials and Methods:This study was accomplished as a clinical trial on 29 patients who were under hemodilysis for at least one year and did not have other reasons for their anemia. Using balance block randomization method the patients divided in to two groups: placebo group (n=15) and case group (n=14). After each dialysis session (3 times a week for 3 months) the case group was injected 1 gr intravenous carnitine while the placebo group received 1 gr distilled water.Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding sex and age. The average amount of hemoglobin and hematocrit was equal in two groups before the intervention. But, finally after the intervention the amount of hemoglobin and hematocrit significantly increased in the case group (P=0.001 and P=0.003 respectively) . Conclusion:Findings of this study revealed that carnitine increases the amount of hemoglobin and hematocrit in hemodialysis patients and improves their anemia. However, further studies with more patients are recommended.

Backgroundand Objective:The rate of parental attitude and view toward the treatment modality of child is the one of the most important factors of the treatment. The aim of this study was the evaluation of parental view and attitude toward dental treatment under general anesthesia.Materials and Methods:In this descriptive cross sectional study, the participants, were parents whose children had recently undergone dental treatment under general anesthesia. The parents were given two self-administered questionnaire inquiring about their reasons and view toward the dental treatment under general anesthesia. Statistical analysis was performed by using Mann Whitney, CrosstabandCorrelation tests.Results: Our results showed that more than 80% of parents have moderate to high satisfaction about practice. Dentist’s refer was the first reason for this treatment modality followed by relatives recommendation. More than 45% of parents indicated that lack of child fear was the most important advantage of this type of treatment. From parent’s point of view previoussever pain experience and fear that transferred from relatives were the most important reason for child’s fear from dental treatment.Conclusion:According to these results; most of parents satisfied with their child’s dental treatment under general anesthesia, so promotion of social knowledge about dental treatment under general anesthesia could improve children’s dental care and oral hygiene.

Background and Objective:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common disorder of endocrine among the women capable of reproduction. This disorder involves 6-7 percent of women. With regard to mental health, disorders such as depression and eating disorder can be seen and a change in their quality of life is expected.Materials and Methods: One thousand and eight hundred and twenty four female students were evaluated psychologically in order to assess the prevalence and development of polycystic ovary syndrome. The students suffering from polycystic ovary were assessed mentally.Results: Eighty students between 15-18 years old were suffering from PCOS. Previous family problems were significantly higher in control group (P=0.03). There were no significant differences in terms of drug misuse, committing suicide, physical problems and daily sleepiness. Depression symptoms were observed in 38.3 percent of control group and 32.6 percent of sufferers of PCOS. Anxiety assessment indicated that 22.5 percent of PCOS group and 22.3 percent of control group were suffering from anxiety.Conclusion:Despite universal reports regarding psychological effects of PCOS in the quality of life of adult sufferers such as depression, sleeping and eating disorders, such differences were not observed in our PCOS study group. This may indicate the role of age in developing psychological disorders among the sufferers. Moreover, parameters such as cultural factors, the importance of considering own physical state and the impact of social view on interpersonal relationships can play an important role.

Every organ can be involved by hydatid disease. Liver and lung are the most common sites but muscles, due to high level of lactic acid and contractility, are among the rare areas involved by hydatid cysts.In 2009, a 23 year old Zanjanian villager girl came to clinic because of having a mass at her right thigh from 3 years ago. Present and past medical history, blood count and serologic evaluation was negative for hydatosis, but MRI, diagnosis during the operation and eventually pathologic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid cyst.Hydatid disease should be considered in differential diagnosis of masses, involving the limbs, especially at endemic areas in order to prevent rupture of the cyst during operation which can cause anaphilaxis and involvement of other tissues.