Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research
Year:2001 | Volume:9 | Issue:34|Papers Count:10

Maculla Edema (ME) is the most common causes of low vision in the diabetic patients. In this study the frequency of (CSME) were studied in the patients. This study was performed descriptive and cross-sectional, and the patients were referring to the Zanjan's diabetes center. During 6 months 111 patients were visited for ophtalmoscopy in two process, and other information were collected by completing questionnaires.The results showed that the frequency of CSME were 17 patients, 9 females and 8 males which composed 15/31% and 39 patients 35/1% were suffering retinopathy. From the age point, most of them 82/36% had more than 55 years old, and 42/07% of them had more than 10 years diabetes disease background and meanwhile they were carrying other diseases as, blood cholestrol in 4 patients, 23/52% hypertention 12 patients 70/58%, Neuropathy 13 patients, 76/47%, Nephropathy 4 patients 23/52% and this study showed that there are significantly difference between suffering CSME patients and hypertention.

Hepatitis C is a blood -borne disease. The hemodialysis patients are at high risk of acquiring this disease due to, invasive procedures, frequent exposure to blood and body fluids and lack of universal precautions. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed in five major hemodialysis centers with 657 hemodialysis patients and 130 personnel in Tehran during 1998- 1999 to find the rate of application of the preventional principles. 90 personnel that cooperated were selected, and they filled in the related questionaire.The results showed that, 33% of personnel hadn't passed hemodialysis educational period, and 80% of them hadn't adequate information about the preventional principles of the blood -borne diseases. 53% of personnel didn't wear gloves during patient care, and 97% of those who wearing gloves, didn't wear new gloves for each patient. Gathering and discard of garbage was insanitary in three centers and the needles were been recapped.Disinfection of equipments, environment and hemodialysis machines was done incompletely in four centers. Overal, in the majority of units, preventional principles have not been employed properly, therefore, continuous evaluation and education of personnel is necessary to restrain the spread of HCV infection.

A descriptive study has been done in 145 students of T.M. Center. The purpose of study was to determine of Knowledge, attitude and skill (K.A.S) of target group about breast cancer. The method of data collection was questionnaire for knowledge and attitude and observation for skill about breast self-examination. The results showed between 34% to 94% of target group do not have enough knowledge, but more than 90% have a positive attitude about breast self examination. All of them do not have skill about breast self- examination.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is one the chronic infection diseases associated with multiple physical problems, because of importance of the physical problems, this is critical to recognize the problems associated with treatment.Material & Method: This study is performed over 150 patients with tuberculosis chosen with random sampling. The data collected through face-to-face conversation using check lists.Then the problems were classified to two groups: the problems due to disease and the problems associated with treatment.Results: The most common physical in our patients was feeling of fatigue (70%) chest pain (52%) and coughing (49.5%) the most common physical problems associated with treatment was Extremity pain (58.7%) vertigo (54%) and numbness of extremities (42.7%). Chi2 and student t-test revealed that physical problems associated with treatment have correlation with sex (P<0.05) and Education status (P<0.05).Discussion: This study revealed that, Tuberclous Patients numerous Physical problems and Females sex and uneducated persons have more complain of Anti T.B therapy.

Background: The more prevention of pregnancy, especially in the underdeveloped countries, is need. It is well known that it is not enough that only the contraception devices are ready. The increase of the knowledge of the community is very important. Method: This study is cross - sectional and descriptive - The aim of study is knowing the rate of knowledge of prevention of pregnancy Engaged group of population in Zanjan City, 1378.Results: The results of this study are show that more men are going to marry has 20-25 years, 2/3 of engaged are rural, 67.4% have the knowledge of preventive methods all. The pill is the best has known with 38.9%. The pill is the best method of prevention, with 34.3%. Health care centers have the highest rate of information or knowledge 73.4% of engaged need to education. 73.2% of engaged is not going to have pregnancy immediately after marriage, but tendency of immediate pregnancy in the men is more than the women (P=0.000). Conclusion: we conclude that most people have more education of preventive methods, the education of girls must be started early, and the boys, need to more understand the aim of pregnancy prevention.

Samples of 744 person from 14875 population of 17 villages in plane area and 502 persons from 10031population of 11villages in forest area (1246 person in total) that was 5% of the total population of two regions were collected. In this study the percentage of infection with intestinal parasites for age, sex, literacy, area condition (plane -forest), and the type of drinking water (pipeline - nonpipeline) was determined. The laboratorial diagnosis of the stool sample was performed by two methods the direct method and the formalin - ether - method. The prevalence of infection with all parasites in two areas was 43.9%, that infection with pathogenic parasite was 28.25% the most prevalence of infection with intestinal protozoa was for Giardia lamblia (17.82%) that the highest percentage of infection was in housewives (20.43%) . The prevalence of infection with Entamoeba histotytica was 4.97%. The prevalence of other intestinal protozoa was found as below: Entamoeba coli 6.82% , Iodamoeba butschli 1.68% , Endolimax nana 6.09% , Blastocytis hominis 8.19% , Chilomastix mesnili 1.12%. The most prevalence of infection with Hymenolepis nana (3.61%) that the highest rate was found in animal husbandmen. The prevalence of infection with Hook worms (2.25%) was in the next range that the highest percentage of infection was found in farmers especially in rice farmers. The prevalence other intestinal parasites was found as below: strongyloides stercoralis 1.0-1%, Enterobius vermicularis 0.32%,Trichostrongylus 0.24%, Ascaris lumbricoides 0.4%.

This Research is a Descriptive study which has been performed in order to Identify "The Educational need of women who seek Medical Advice in urban Health center (No: 1) about some of contraceptive Methods (OCP, IUD, DMPA and Condom). Data are collected from 200 women who referred to Health center (NO: 1). The tool for gathering Data were questionnaires, which had four separate sections, and in order to Data Analysis. Statistical Package for social science is used. The Results show that most of the clients are aware of their need to education; as well as in two groups "ocp and condom users" most of the clients have lower knowledge and Practice than the other groups. Therefore, Educational needs in the cognitive and Psycho-motor Domains in this group are higher than the other groups "IUD and DMPA users".Also the results show that there are significant relationship between some of demographic variable with knowledge and practice of client.

The purpose of this study was survey of some effective factors on the primal school teacher a health knowledge and their attitude & practice about schools health descriptive method, the filling and completing of this questionnaire were selected 43 schools teachers by the randomly. The average age of them were found to be 38.45 which 82% of them were women, 56% of the teachers have been in this job for over 15 year 32% have had health education course, 56.2% had no education and 23% have been attended in special program called "Health education".The results showed that the knowledge of the teachers was 80%, at a good level, the attitude was (64%) at the middle level, it showed a significant correlation between knowledge & attitude (P<0.05). A significant correlation was also found among the knowledge, attitude sex and literacy, teaching experience of the teachers.

The case presented here, is about a 61-year-old woman with complaints exertional dyspnea, palpitation and syncope. According to clinical, echocardiographic, cardiac catheterization and angiographic findings, restrictive cardiomyopathy was proved for her. Some clues such as macroglossia, Granular sparkling and left ventricular hypertrophy in echocardigraphy associated with low voltage ceiteria in ECG suggested amyloidosis as the cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy. Rectal biopsy revealed amyloidosis. Due to ESR=100 and punch out lesions in skull X-ray bone marrow aspiration was done which confirmed more than 30% plasmocytosis, as the indicator of multiple myeloma. So, this is a case of restrictive cardiomypathy secondary to cardiac amyloidosis as a solitary manifestation of multiple myeloma.

World wide epidemics of cholera occurred in the 1800 and early 19008. The" classical" biotype was prevalent through the early 1960s ; The ELT or biotype, discovered in 1905, became prevalent in the late 1960s and has caused pandemic disease in Asia, the middle east and Africa cholera is endemic in India, southeast Asia, and Afghanistan. From these centers, it is carried along shipping, Lanes, trade routes and migration routes. The disease is spread by individuals with mild or early illness and by water, food, flies and person - to- person contact.Control rests on education and on improvement of sanitation, particularly of food and water. Patients should be isolated, their extra disinfected and contacts followed up. Repeated injection of a vaccine containing either lipopoly- saccharides extracted from vibrios, Live attenuated DNA recombinant , and dense vibrio suspensions can confer limited protection to heavily exposed persons (e.g.: family contacts). Very few countries require that Traveilers arriving from endemic areas have proof of Immunization with these Vaccines. The WHO vaccination certificate for cholera is only valid for 6 months. In this article, Immunobiology of cholera, contains: Bacteriology, structure of Toxin, pathogenesis, antigenic character and Vaccines to Immunization will be discussed.