Journal of Military Medicine
Year:2018 | Volume:20 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:17

Background and Aim: Depression is a very prevalent and recurrent disorder that is associated with a high mortality rate. Today there is an ever-increasing rise in religious spiritual interventions in the context of many mental disorders including depression. According to the high capacity of the Islam religion for harmonization and meaning in the framework of human personality, the purpose of the current study was to identify the factors that contribute to reducing depression symptoms from the point of view of Islam. Methods: The present study utilized a conventional qualitative content analysis. The content of the research was collected through electronic search of selected databases and a three-member working group of experts. Review of the literatures, selecting the meaning units, extraction of the condensed units, subcategories, categories, and ultimately identifying and nominating the main themes are the common steps in the method. The study applied rigor from approaches of credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability, as well as the experiences of 10 expert panelists. Finalizing the main themes was continued until agreement was reached among all members of panel. Results: The coding process showed that factors effective in reducing depression symptoms can be categorized into eight-main themes including: (1) monotheistic feedback; (2) getting Contractual independence and valuability (value); (3) strengthened support; (4) emotional regulation; (5) propensity regulation; (6) meaningfulness to the unpleasant and pleasant; (7) action regulation; and (8) purposefulness regulation. The agreement among the members of panel for the eight mentioned themes showed that the average ratio and index of content validity were 0. 92 and 0. 96, and all the themes had the minimum acceptable value. Conclusions: On one side, 8 resulting themes from the present study can be emphasized at the different levels of prevention by cultural, religious, and health planner's activities and on the other side, used by other researchers to design a therapy package based on religious and spiritual factors.

Background and Aim: The Personality Inventory for DSM– 5 (PID– 5) was created to aid a trait-based diagnostic system for personality disorders (PDs) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed. [DSM– 5]). Given the need for access to reliable diagnostic instruments of mental disorders in Persian language for military personnel, the present study was designed to translate and determine the reliability and internal consistency of the Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th Edition (PID-5) instrument in soldiers. Methods: This study had a cross-sectional design. The research sample was 401 Iranian army soldiers. PID-5 was translated via forward and backward translation method (English-Persian). Soldiers then completed the questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS-16. Results: Total Cronbach's alpha coefficient for Traits and Domains was 0. 93 and 0. 88, respectively. The range of obtained Cronbach's alpha for 24 facets were 0. 60 to 0. 82. which is considered acceptable and the lowest alpha was observed for suspiciousness (0. 50). The range of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for Domains was 0. 71 (Antagonism) to 0. 84 (Psychoticism). Conclusion: The Persian version of PID-5 instrument had good reliability and internal consistency for the evaluation of personality traits. PID-5 may be used with confidence in the research and diagnosis of personality traits in the military setting.

Background and Aim: Fitness is one of the most important factor in military health and a positive attitude towards fitness it could have major effects on job performance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and its perceived estimation in military forces. Methods: In this descriptive study, 60 people (30 men and 30 women) were randomly selected from ground forces based on the Odinsky table to complete the questionnaire of perceived estimation of physical fitness designed by Delignieres et al. The measured variables included physical characteristics such as age, weight, height, body mass index, percentage of body fat and physical fitness factors: cardiorespiratory endurance (shuttle run), strength (hand grip) and the whole body strength (dynamometer), flexibility (Sit and reach) and body composition (three sites measurement of skinfold thickness). Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t test were used to determine the relationship between the perceived estimation of health-related fitness with its actual levels, and to compare health-related fitness between male and female military forces, respectively. Results: The findings showed a significant inverse correlations between the perceived estimation and the actual level of fitness factors in army women (P˂ 0. 05) (except in strength). There were no significant direct relationship in factors for men (except in cardiorespiratory endurance and flexibility). In other words, neither men nor women had sound estimation regarding their fitness status. Conclusion: Due to inaccurate estimation of physical fitness factors in the studied military forces, it may be necessary to participate in physical activities to promote physical fitness and homogeneous perceived appraisal of true physical fitness.

Background and Aim: The emotional processing has an impact on performance and exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the emotional processing of military athletes at professional, semi-professional and amateur levels. Methods: A total of 90 male athletes belonging to Mazandaran province clubs in the North of Iran, in 2017 were randomly selected and categorized into three groups (n=30) of professional, semi-professional and amateur levels. An emotional processing questionnaire was used to gather data. Data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test using SPSS-18 software. Results: The three groups were matched in terms of demographics. The age range of subjects was from 20 to 50 years and their sports fields were Soccer, volleyball and bodybuilding. There was no significant difference between the three groups of athletes in terms of emotional processing. However, there was a significant difference between professional, semi-professional and amateur athletes in terms of emotional processing components (e. g. lack of excitement, lack of emotional experience). Conclusion: In general, professional athletes have more emotional experience than two semi-professional and amateur groups.

Background and Aim: In this study, a group of nitron-based oximes involving a pyridinium moiety were assessed as novel drug candidates in the reactivation of inhibited AChE in a docking study. Methods: The chemical structures of novel reactivators were built using the HyperChem program and conformational studies were performed using a semi-experimental method. Docking calculations on all of the designed oximes were carried out using the Auto Dock program. Results: The recorded binding energy for obidoxime and 2-PAM were-8. 59 and-5. 61 respectively. These current oxime-formed hydrogen bond and π-π interactions in the active site. Docking calculations showed that new nitrone-based oximes formed hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions with peripheral anionic, aromatic and catalytic triad residues in the active site. Also, all of the new compounds possess better binding energies than 2-PAM and were comparable with obidoxime. Conclusion: The results showed that all of the new oximes possess promising binding energies compared with the standard oximes of 2-PAM and obidoxime. Bis-pyridinum oximes have better results than mono-pyridinum oximes caused by the presence of additional pi-pi and hydrogen bonding interactions. In most cases, the designed oximes where the imidazole ring was positioned at position 3 have better orientation and more favorable interactions in active site.

Background and Aim: Improving the quality of physical exercise and military tests is critical to improving the physical fitness of members of the military. The purpose of this study was to evaluation of Military Optimal Performance Challenge (MOPC) test in military students. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study performed in 2017. The study population included 60 military students at a training center of Tehran, Iran (24 to 39 years) who were selected by cluster random sampling. The variables of weight (using the Seca scale, minimum clothing and accuracy of 0. 1 kg), height (without shoes, in standard condition with accuracy of 0. 1 cm by irreversible tape measure), heart rate and oxygen consumed were measured in subjects. Participants fully and properly performed the obstacles to 7's tests (4827 meter running, mobility for battle, Bench Press, Horizontal bar, Ankles to the Bar, Back Squat, Simulated Casualty Evacuation Test), and reliability was evaluated based on internal correlation test (Cronbach alpha). Analysis was performed using SPSS version 17. Results: The mean weights and heights of students was 81. 90 kg and 174. 56 cm, respectively and the means of oxygen consumption participants during test was 39. 13 ml/kg/min. Also resting heart rate was reported between 61 to 115 beats per minute. Based on the inner correlation (Cronbach's alpha) between MOPC test items, the results showed the reliability of this test is highly acceptable (Cronbach's alpha 0. 709). The Simulated Casualty Evacuation Test was significantly associated with four sub-tests (Bench press: P=0. 0001and r=-0. 473, pull-up: P=0. 011 and r=-0. 325, Squat: P=0. 0001 and r=-0. 485, ankles to the bar: P=0. 0001 and r=-0. 448). Conclusion: According to accurate and complete of MOPC test package compared to other similar test, this test package as a standard model, has possibility to perform and implement to raise the level of military power.

Background and Aim: Non-specific chronic low back pain is the most common type of chronic low back pain. Rapid rehabilitation is a common aim of patients and HCPs. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of suspended exercise and functional stabilization exercise on the intensity of pain, proprioception functional and movement control in men with non-specific chronic low back pain. Methods: This study was performed in 2017. The study had a quasi– experimental, pre-test-post-test design and included a control group. Forty-five male patients with non-specific chronic low back pain, according to inclusion criteria, were randomly selected by convenience sampling in 3 equal groups of 15 patients. Then 2 experimental groups performed the training protocol. The protocol was 8 weeks of the 45 minute exercise program, three sessions per week of suspended exercises and the Functional Stabilization Exercise. To assess pain, proprioception, functional and movement control ability of the subject; visual analogue scale, Universal Goniometer in method Newcomer and the 6 test Luomajoki was used. After data collection, one-way statistical analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 18 was used for data analysis Results: Both suspended exercises and Functional Stabilization had a significant effect on pain, proprioception, functional and movement control in subjects with non-specific chronic lower back pain (P≤ 0. 05). Conducting a between-group comparison also showed that the pain, proprioception functional and movement control ability variables had the highest variation, which was related to the suspended exercises and Functional Stabilization, respectively. Conclusion: According to these findings, Suspended Exercise provided greater recuperation than Functional Stabilization in patients with non-specific chronic lower back pain. However, further studies with a larger sample size are recommended to support the findings of the present study and to help prevent non-specific chronic lower back pain in men.

Background and Aim: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are being increasingly used by forensic laboratories. In the Iranian population, few studies have been reported that aim to investigate allelic frequencies and determine genetic variation of SNPs based on SNPforID database. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the population genetic diversity by genotyping of 25 informative autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms residing in Gilan province in Northern Iran, using the SNaPshot assay. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the results of the bioinformatics analysis indicated that at least 25 autosomal loci SNP could help discriminate between Iranian ethnic groups. A total of 53 unrelated individuals from the Gilakis ethnicity group provided blood samples for extraction of genomic DNA by the RGDE method. The SNapShot method was used to genotyping 25 selected SNPs on the 3110xl ABI Genetic Analyzer. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Arlequin 3. 5, GeneAlex 6. 5 and GeneMapper 5. 0 software. Results: The mean heterozygosity was 0. 428. The minimum heterozygosity observed was 0. 190 that related to rs938283. Minor allele frequency (MAF) for rs938283 was 0. 105. There was significant deviation in allelic frequencies from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all the studied SNPs except rs1382387. The calculated FST values presented among Gilak and three Iranian ethnic groups including Kurd, Persian ad Lors were not significantly genetic different. Conclusion: Evaluation of the 25 autosomal SNP simultaneously enabled discrimination among ethnic groups within the population. The results presented Gilakis ethnicity genetically when compared to the other ethnicity, Lor, Persian and Kurdish, are similar. The SnapShot method has appropriate sensitivity and specificity to simultaneously genotype SNPs.

Background and Aim: Knowing the factors affecting the life quality of subjects with coronary artery disease can help design their care program. The aim of this study was to determine quality of life and its effective factors in military patients and their relatives with coronary artery disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in military patients and relatives with coronary artery disease referred to selected military hospitals in Tehran, Iran, using convenience sampling from February to August 2016. Demographic data were recorded. The Nottingham questionnaire was used to assess quality of life in six areas: energy level, pain, emotional reaction, sleep, social isolation, sleep and physical activity. Results: The mean age of 250 coronary patients referred to selected military hospitals was 57. 27± 6. 68 years, most of them were male (71. 2%), married (89. 6%) and retired (60. 8%). There was a significant difference between the mean scores of quality of life in the participants with to sex, job, income, education level and daily activities (p<0. 05), and the life quality of retired men and higher education than diploma was better in all sections. Patients who exercised had a better quality of life score in all areas except sleep (p <0. 05). Also, those with fewer periods of illness had less pain and performed more physical activity. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that demographic factors have effects on the quality of life of military patients and relatives with coronary artery disease. Life quality of these people can be improved with more attention to some lifestyle factors such as exercise, walking, occupation, early planning and conducting of necessary interventions.

Background and Aim: Musculoskeletal disorders related to work are one of the main causes of disability in the dentistry profession. Long term adoption of a repeated position, repetitive movements and inappropriate posture are risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders and need to be addressed. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and inappropriate posture at the dentistry clinic of a military college Methods: In this study, 66 dentists of the dental clinic affiliated with a military college were evaluated by REBA (a method for quick assessment of the body) and the Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire to assess the body while working. SPSS software version 18 were used to analyze the data. Results: This population study included 29 men and 37 women with a mean age of 40. 83 years who had worked for an average of 14. 56 years in the dentistry clinic. REBA score in 56. 1% of dentists was in the high-risk range, 39. 4% was in the medium-risk range and 4. 5% were in the high-risk range. Over the past 12 months, the most prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and discomfort in different areas was observed in the neck (66%). There was a statistically significant relationship between the loss of ability to perform daily activities during the past 12 months and gender and reduced working time due to musculoskeletal discomfort (P≤ 0. 05). Conclusion: The results showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the dentistry clinic is high, particularly in the neck. In order to reduce problems, corrective actions should be taken as soon as possible.

Background and Aim: Neurofeedback is defined as a type of biofeedback that helps subjects to self-control their brain waves. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy on empathy and delusional beliefs in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Methods: The present study had a semi-experimental design and used pre-tests and post-tests. A total of 30 patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, as diagnosed by a psychiatrist, were randomly assigned into two groups of 15 (schizophrenia: 3 women and 12 men; bipolar disorder: 4 men and 11 women). During 20 sessions, Patients were treated 3 times weekly with neurofeedback. Patients were evaluated before and after the intervention by the PDI-40 and empathy scale-33 questionnaires. Results: The results of 3-way ANOVA showed that the expressive empathy and emotional empathy subscales increased after treatment in schizophrenia and bipolar patients. Expressive and collaborative empathy in women with bipolar disorder was significantly lower than that of men. The findings of this study showed that the score of all variables of delusional beliefs in patients with schizophrenia, especially before treatment, were significantly higher than those with bipolar patients, but decreased significantly after receiving treatment. The findings also showed that the delusional beliefs in the bipolar group did not decrease significantly (P-value <0. 05) Conclusion: In both groups of patients, expressive and emotional empathy subscales were increased after the treatment with neurofeedback. Neurofeedback has a significant effect on the reduction of delusional beliefs in schizophrenic patients compared to bipolar patients and this method can be used to improve and reduce psychotic symptoms.