Studies in Medical Sciences
Year:2013 | Volume:24 | Issue:3|Papers Count:12

Background & Aim: Osteoporosis is considered as a silent disease. Having knowledge and correct health beliefs can be effective on preventive behaviors in osteoporosis disease. This study aimed to determine the impact of educational intervention on knowledge, perceptions and self-efficacy among adolescent girls.Materials & Methods: this quasi-experimental study was performed on 45 adolescent girls from one town of Tehran. The data collection instrument was a validated and reliable questionnaire in 3 sections: demographic; health belief model component; and self-efficacy that was used before & after the education. The educational intervention based on health belief model with direct and indirect methods was conducted. The data was analyzed by SPSS 15 software and we used paired t-test for statistical analysis of the data.Results: The findings of this study and comparing the means showed a significant difference between the mean scores of students, Knowledge before and after the educational intervention (p<0.05) and so also on the mean scores of health belief model structures, perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers of physical activity, self efficacy of calcium intake, self- efficacy of physical activity before and after the intervention (p<0.05).Conclusion: The educational intervention based on health belief model, may lead to increased knowledge, perceived susceptibility, increased elimination of perceived barriers of physical activity, increase in the self efficacy of calcium intake and physical activity. Therefore in order to prevent osteoporosis, we suggest the educational intervention based on health belief model in promoting knowledge, perceptions, and self-efficacy.

Background & Aims: Gastric cancer is one of the common gastrointestinal cancers with global incidence and one of the most common cancers in the northwestern of Iran. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastric tumors and their anatomical location using the pathologic specimens of patients have been conducted in Urmia.Materials & Methods: The study population comprised all samples sent to Pathology Laboratory of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia; in a 5-years period during 2002-2007 were studied, and their documents are available. Information extracted included: age, sex, smoking habit, type of surgery, tumor location and histopathology of tumor type. data were analyzed by using SPSS software.Results: Of 452 patient samples in this study, 336 were men. The most common age of stomach cancer observed in both men and women over 70 years with prevalence 42.7% and 34.74%, respectively. 33.9% of men and 23.0% of women were smoker. Regarding to type of surgery, 88.0% of patients undergoing biopsy and 12.0% gasrtoctomy. Histophatologically, incidence of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and Round cell was 95.5%, 4.04% and 0.46%, respectively. Incidences of adenocarcinoma in men were three-fold greater than women. Lasser sace, cardia, antrum, fondus and other overlapped locations showed tumor involved (with number of samples prevalence of) 155(35.9%), 114 (26.4%), 84(19.4%), 40(9.3%) and 39 (9.1%), respectively.Conclusion: According to this study, adenocarcinoma is most common cancer in Urmia. Most common anatomical distributions locations are Lasser sace and Cardia.

Background & Aims: Osteoporosis and the related fractures due to discomfort, disability, decreased quality of life and death are major health problems in the world. According to the importance of recording and reporting osteoporosis, the aim of this study was development and psychometric evaluation of an "Assessment Form of Osteoporosis".Materials & Methods: This study is a systematic review of the literature review, Internet search and library studies on osteoporosis assessment form with the key word "Form", "Osteoporosis", "Incidence" and "Investigation" began between the years 1997-2008. In this searching, we obtained 2 forms and 3 questionnaires in this field and performed analyses and developed "Assessment Form of Osteoporosis". For validity of the form, researchers used content validity and consulted with experts in this field (5 nurse specialists, 2 orthopedic specialists in Bone Marrow Densitometry Center, 3 physiotherapists) about osteoporosis, its causes, the complications of the disease. After gaining enough knowledge and experience, their comments were reviewed and applied carefully.Results: In this study "Assessment Form of Osteoporosis" developed and evaluated validity. Benefits of the form is as follows: in many forms there was not any question related to hormonal history in men or did not pay attention to the risk factors for osteoporosis in men, whereas the previous studies showed that hormonal disorder such as testosterone deficiency and prostate cancer can increase the risk for osteoporosis. So in this form, questions were designed in domains that assess individuals perfectly. The new form is applicable for all patients referring to health centers and bone marrow densitometry, schools, universities, and ultimately the whole community has the performance capabilities.Conclusion: "Assessment Form of Osteoporosis" is a comprehensive form and its data can identify the disease osteoporosis and the fractures. The data can prevent worsening of the disease.

Background & Aims: Cystic Fibrosis is one of the most prevalent fatal autosomal recessive diseases among white children. Mutation in CFTR gene cause ion imbalance of membranes and reduce the fluid in the face of main pulmonary airways which in turn provide proper medium for opportunistic bacteria specially pseudomonasaeroginosa and may lead to lung dysfunction. The aim of this study was to state antibiogram and genotype of pseudomonasaeroginosa in cystic fibrosis patients.Material & Methods: In this cross sectional study, we obtained specimen of sputum or deep pharyngeal swaps from 46 patients for determining the bacterial species. We used standard lineage P. aeruginosa ATCC27853 for antibiotic susceptibility test and one type of B. cepacia for standardization and comparison. We also used 11 antibiotic discs for antibiogram. The method for determination of genetic lineage was RAPD-PCR.Results: from the total of 46patients with fibrous cystic 58. 7% were male and 48. 3% were female. There were 20 patients (74. 1%) in the male group and 11 patients (57. 9%) in the female group with pseudomonasaeroginosa colonization and there was not B. cepacia colonization. There were 9 patients with staphylococcus aureous, 7 with Klebsiela, 11 with Candida albicans, and 1 with Serachia marsensis colonization. The pseudomonas aeroginosa was detected in 31 patients (67. 4%) which had three lineages: mucoid (15 patients), non-mucoid (12 patients), and mucoid & non-mucoid (4 patients). Antibiogram shows the sensitivity to Tobramycin and Ciprofloxacin in all patients; there was also sensitivity to Amikacin (7. 8%), Piperacilin (93. 3%), Gentamicin (91. 1%), Ticarcilin (86. 75), Colicitin (80%), Carbenicilin (48. 9%), Cefotaxim (26. 7%), Imipenem (26. 7%), and Ceftazidim (11. 1%). There was hemogenocity in genetic phenotyping with RAPD-PCR method.Conclusion: This study showed high resistant to Imipenem and Cephalosporins in pseudomonaslineages. There was not any relation between genotype and antibiogram and demographic characteristics of patients (sex and age). In addition, there was no difference among species according to potency and transmission properties.

Background & Aims: Preeclampsia complicates 5 to 10 percent of all pregnancies that contribute greatly to maternal morbidity and mortality rates. Although homocysteine is a necessary amino acid to maintain cell growing and developing but at the serum levels above normal is a risk factor for some endothelial damages and thrombosis inside blood vessels. In the present study, we investigated the relationship among with serum levels of homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B12 and the risk of sever preeclampsia in normal pregnant women suffering from it. The aim of this study was introducing a way to prevent sever preeclampsia.Materials & Methods: This study was carried out at Shahid Motahari Hospital (Urmia University of Medical Sciences) on 2010. This study was a case-control prospective one. Serum samples of 35 preeclamptic patients and 35 women with normal pregnancy at their third three-month period were collected and their plasma samples were separated and then frozen till assayed. Serum levels of homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B12 were then measured on melted plasma samples, and then the results were compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS program and T-Test, and proportional risk as well as confidence distance was also calculated.Results: In the pregnant women suffering from severe preeclampsia, the concentration of homocysteine was higher but the concentration of folic acid and vitamin B12 were lower than the control group. (P<0.05)Conclusion: In our study, the third semester hyper-hemosysteinemia and lower blood levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 were related to sever preeclampsia, which demonstrates their role in pathological process/progress of the condition. Therefore, we suggest testing their blood levels in early diagnosis of preeclampsia.

Background & Aims: The prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition has been a prudent decrease in all malnutrition levels. However, it is one of the important health problems in the west Azerbaijan province .In this study we determine the prevalence of malnutrition among children less than 5 years and identify hot points of using Geographic Information System in West Azerbaijan province.Materials & Methods: In cross-sectional study based on a cluster sampling, weight and height of 3 341 children between 0-59 months old in West Azerbaijan province in 2008 year were gathered. Z scores calculated for three indicators: height for age, weight for height and weight for age .Geographical distribution pattern of underweight, stunting, and wasting indicators in 1 4 districts of the province depicted by Geographical Information System (ARC GIS 9.3) software.Results: 8.7%, 7.5% and 4.3 % of the children aged less than five years suffered from stunting, wasting, and underweight respectively; the prevalence of malnutrition indexes varies at districts level of this province. The prevalence of stunting (30.5%) and wasting (9.6%) were highest among piranshahr and sardasht children respectively .The prevalence of stunting significantly higher among rural vs urban children (P<0.05), although there is no significant difference between wasting and underweight among rural vs urban areas (P>0.05).Conclusion: The prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition was twofold higher than mean national level among children under five years old; piranshar district were classified as high prevalence of malnutrition (eight fold of natial level) . It appears that subjective strategies are required to improve the nutritional and health, socioeconomic indicators in this province.

Backgrounds & Aims: Childhood experiences may be one of the effective factors in the development of personality disorders. The aim of the present study investigated the relationship between different experiences of childhood abuse and cluster B personality disorders.Materials & Methods: The population of this research was all students of Tabriz University. 293 students (179 female and 115 male) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. All subjects were asked to complete the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) and Child Abuse Self Report Scale.Results: There was a significant relationship between sexual abuse and antisocial, borderline and histrionic personality disorder. There was a negative relationship between emotional abuse and narcissistic personality disorder and positive correlation between emotional abuse with borderline and antisocial personality disorders. Also there was a significant relationship between physical abuse and neglect with anti-social and borderline personality disorders. Regression analysis showed that physical abuse, sexual abuse and neglect, predict antisocial personality disorder. Emotional and physical abuse predicts borderline personality disorder. Sexual abuse predicts histrionic personality disorder, also emotional and physical abuse predicts narcissistic personality disorder.Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study indicate that cluster B personality disorders associated with different aspects of abuse and based on the experience of abuse, personality disorder symptoms is predictable.

Background & Aims: Genetic mutation, 1691G>A common polymorphism in a gene that is inherited coagulation Factor 5 is associated with increased risk of thrombosis. This mutation in different populations can develop in the prognosis of thrombotic disorders, cardiovascular disorders; recurrent miscarriage and other thrombotic factors are useful. Study using appropriate strategies such as review of medical and epidemiological information will be helpful for future studies. In this study, the frequency of the mutation 1691G> A in the gene for clotting factor 5 in a healthy population of East Azerbaijan province was investigated.Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on 200 normal individuals with no history of cardiovascular disease by eliminating patients with a history, as an example of Northwest's population. After obtaining blood and ARMS-PCR to determine the frequency of alleles with G1691A, mutation of coagulation factor 5 was attempted.Results: The frequency of G allele in 86% of females and males was 91%, while the A allele frequency in females and 14 males was 9%. Allelic frequency of G>A mutation in factor V for GG, GA and AA genotypes were 0.94, 0.06 and 0, respectively.Conclusion: In our country, according to several ethnic members including a variety of native Persians, Turks, Kurds, Lors, Baluchis, Arabs, Bakhtiari, Turkmen, and Armenians, the allele frequencies for Factor 5 Leiden part of the region Ethnicity is a different disease.