WOMENS STUDIES
Year:2010 | Volume:7 | Issue:4 (22)|Papers Count:9

A gender view to humans which belittles the status of women in found in many cultures, and there is no doubt that both Persian language and literature have been influenced by this issue. Reviews of popular culture, especially proverbs show some unacceptable and unfair judgments about women.The cases at hand illustrate the validity of our approach in reviewing many of these proverbs, filled with borrowed words and religious concepts. In search of root causes, their revision can unveil and reveal the facts, and on the other hand it can introduce the vast horizon of variety of religions and faiths, and help to identify the pure and impure in Persian literature.This article, relying on traditional Islamic texts, has studied proverbs on women’s sexuality. The results show that what can be said of them, based on religious concepts, is that they fit into four groups of illusions, short-sightedness, defective expression, and perception of weakness as the classified documents testify to this as the rationale of this categorization.

Nowadays marriage and establishing a family is considered to be an enormous concern for many. In addition to financial troubles, dowry is a major cause for concern. Dowry is the amount of money which is assigned by the ententes and man should give it to woman. So it is necessary to consider this problem and the laws which relate to it.Iran’s Constitution obliges the lawgiver to establish the laws in order to facilitate marriage and to protect the stability of family. For achieving this aim, the family laws in Iran have changed many times since the Islamic Revolution. This essay studies the laws about dowry, so the proficiency of these laws in obtaining the aims explained above can be distinguished. In so doing, dowry and the issues around it in Iran’s Laws is examined.

The classical Persian literature is an accumulation of anecdotes and poems that hold women in contempt. In fact, misogyny is one of the features of classical literature all over the world. Persian writers and poets who were men attempted to distort some verses of Quran and some parts of Hadith to keep their authority and dominance. This survey tries to express how and why writers make a profit out of their falsification. Cases in this study are some books like Qābūs-nāmé, Tūtī-nāmé, KalilévaDemné, and others. These cases also include some collected poems of poets like Sanāī, Nezāmī, Rumi, and the like.In conclusion, we found that some of the Quranic commentaries had been affected by the some sayings of paganism period and Israelite and that they have merged together so that, we can’t recognize which one is true and which one is false. Some of them really aren’t Hadith and they are counterfeit sayings, and we do not have any reliable documents for them. Most of these sayings are proverbs and are not prophetic sayings and their narrators were not either trustworthy or reliable.

By the Iranian law, if the marriage is terminated through divorce, with the exception of limited cases, and only for short periods of time, in which alimony is assigned for the woman, she is economically subjected to a gloomy situation. Such situation is intensified when the divorced is asked by the woman or is the result of her fault. In these cases, the civil rights of some countries provide measures to protect women. Nevertheless, the Iranian Civil Code remains silent on this matter, although recently, based on a law ratified by the High Judiciary Council, in some marriage contracts a condition is inserted known as the condition to divide husband’s property. This condition, in part, satisfies the woman’s sustenance. This paper intends to compare this legal provision with a somewhat similar provision in the French law known as the shared property.

A fertile land with developed urban centres was resided by civilized people, Andalusia cradled culture and knowledge so much as to expand its academic centres by attracting the cultural and literary wealth of the Arab world to the East. Literature began to flourish and poetry got to be favoured especially by princes who liked to attend poets and their recitals. Part of the literary-scientific movement in Andalusia was undertaken by women. Impacted by Islamic teachings that require both sexes of acquiring knowledge, they involved in educational activities, mastered various sciences and skills, and finally managed to make their way into circles attended by courtiers and great men of letters. Starring wherever they attended, women proved to be good competitors for men in all domains of literature. They triggered their own literary movement in Andalusia which led to a new school of poetry. One of those outstanding Andalusian ladies who set an example for her fellows was Valladeh, the daughter of Al-mostakfī-bellāh, a short-term ruler in Andalusia.The present article is intended to illustrate the role of women, as a segment of population, in the Andulusian literature. The main focus of attention is Valladeh, the distinguished Andalusian poetess, and her lofty position in literature and history books.

Contract for using a surrogate womb, is a bilateral agreement on the basis of which a woman would carry an embryo generated from sperm and ovum of other man and woman. The surrogate mother agrees to deliver the child to his (her) biological parents after the delivery.Regarding this contract, there are different opinions of Imamia Jurists. A number of jurists see this contract permissible and valid to take advantage of the utility of a surrogate mother. However other Jurists believe that it is unlawful and discreditable. Moreover, the Iranian lawyers have conflicting opinions on this issue. As a bilateral agreement, some of the lawyers find this contract valid, but others view it null and void due to its contradiction with public order. In order to be valid this contract should have special conditions other than that stated in article 190 of the Civil Code.Thus doubts are cast on certainty, possibility, and legitimacy of the subject matter and as a result the validity of this contract has come under questioning. As a result it cannot be used a as basis for parties, rights and duties. However some compulsory results could be derived, most important of which is relativity and potentiality. It is believed that the embryo carries parental traits, but there are different views regarding the embryo’s maternal relationship because the child is related to two women: a biological and a surrogate mother. While some jurists consider the biological mother as the real mother of child, others believe the surrogate woman who gives birth to the child should be considered as the mother. However there are few jurists, who believe both of them to be the mother of the child.

Khosrow and Shirin is a collection of verses which is one of the most attractive works in lyric literature. Its language and literary style have become highly capable by the poet in creating live and rich images for lovely events, of lover and beloved stories. In addition to Nezamī poetic skills for creating this lyric work, what is important is the prominent role given to women as independent and selecting beings, something less observed in similar works.In these verses, Shirin, the woman having attractive appearance, full freedom, and strong love for Khosrow, is always in self-control who disregards temporary temptations. Shirin of Nezamī is a complete, clever, managing, great woman observing the rules of family and society. She is an honourable person who, by her thoughts and reflections, not only survived Khosrow’s temptation, but influenced him and changed his personality and created a great story. This study tries to examine Shirin’s personality features in these rhyming couplets to show the extent to which Nezamī was successful in creating an ideal Persian woman such as Shirin.

This article examines the possibility for a wife of getting divorce in case of not receiving alimony. The method of investigation of such a claim is found in Iran’s law. In addition to explaining the main conditions for obtaining the right of divorce with the help of Imamia School of Jurisprudence (Fiqh), positive laws and a survey on the procedures of investigation of the claim of divorce, the article has tried to apply Sunnite and laws of some Islamic countries in an attempt for reforming the related laws in Iran. Studies show that Iran’s positive laws and Fiqh both consider failure to pay alimony to the wife as the reason for the right of divorce for the wife. However, the rules of investigation into divorce claims do not involve the wives rights for getting divorce in specific cases and thus these rules need reform using selected legal procedures of some Islamic countries.