WOMENS STUDIES
Year:2003 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

This paper is an attempt to reflect on enlightened thoughts of Parvin Etesami, the Iranian poetess (1906-1941). She considers speech as "light", and every subtle point as "inspired by Gods beauty". To state the right, and to combat the wrong, is her chosen way of enlightening. This struggle is evident in her poems containing highly developed ethical, philosophical and Gnostic notions and concepts. Her admirers, as well as the literary critics, acknowledge that her lifestyle was the mirror of the ethics she advocated in her poetry. Hence, people remember Parvin with great gratitude, and pay sincere admiration to her personality traits and values. Parvins enlightenment originates in her transparent soul, which never was polluted by materialism, selfishness and ill thinking. She was born in an informed family, and studied, with much desire, depth and elegance, the works of the worlds great thinkers, and so became well versed in the literature of the day. This great and tender poetess of Iran invites her readers to achieve dynamic progress by following "the light of hope", and by enjoying the light of knowledge. She asks people to preserve their light of soul, and believing in knowledge, she delivers the promise that light will guide them. Thus she states that if one sincerely wants, by following the light of truthfulness and enlightenment, he or she can witness the rays emitting from Almightys beauty, and can enjoy its fruits. Parvin, through her clear heart, observes and describes in poetic form, all manifestations in the universe reflecting the oneness, and she proclaims the existential unity in poetry.

The present work aims at studying the relationship among mental health, source of control and coping strategy in female students of Tehran. Only the first grade high school students of Tehran were included in the study. As for sampling, it was recommended by the relevant officials of the Ministry of Education that the subjects be selected from District # 7 as it is relatively more homogeneous in terms of socio-economic and cultural characteristics. A state-run girl"s high school was randomly chosen. All of the first grade students of the high school were taken as the sample of the research. Goldburg"s health and control source questionnaires were then applied. The resulting scores were analyzed using informative statistics methods (person correlation co-efficient, Anova and T- Tests). The results indicate that there is a positive and statistically significant correlation between mental health and coping strategy on the one hand, and between control source and coping strategy, on the other. However, there is neither a positive nor statistically significant correlation between mental health and the source of control. Corollary findings of the research also show that there is a significant relationship between the education level and employment of mothers on the one hand, and educational performance of students and their mental health and coping strategy, on the other.

About 1/3 of the employed women are working in industrial sector. Their distribution in this sector is not accidental and is completely skewed. 88.1% of women work in textile industry, and 5.7% in clothing industry. Only 6.6% of women are employed in other industrial sectors. The major portion of women employed in industrial sector have education below high school level, and 92.5% of them are employed by the private industrial sector. This article, using the Given-Received Technique, attempts at calculating womens employment ratios in various parts of the industrial sector, considering levels of womens education and skills in government, private and cooperative sectors. It then proceeds to rank each sector in terms of its ability of creating jobs for women. Considering the increasing volume of supply of womens labor (particularly educated women), from one hand, and the privatization, on the other, it seems necessary that the structure of industrial sector be changed to accommodate more women labor, in particular that of women with higher education

Occupying the position of Ejtehad (authority) in Islam requires eligibility and thus is of great importance. Islam has set some conditions for anyone applying to become an authority in religion or Mojtahed. One of the conditions is masculinity. There are two contradictory views on this issue. Some believe that Islam not only agrees with the Ejtehad of women but also invites them to practice authority (Ejtehad). Others declare their disagreement with the Ejtehad of women. This article is an attempt to present the reasoning of both camps: people against and people for the possibility of women to become a religious leader (authority). It then proceeds to critically survey the opinions of the opposing camp

A specific feature of the feministic theory is that social status and experiences of women comprise the general departure point of all its studies. The world is seen through womens viewpoint with the purpose of creating a better world for them. Social theories of classical feminism are theories of intelligent women seeking ways to improve the social sciences. Conventional sociology, nonetheless, has always resisted the presence and sociological output of women. That is why prominent female figures are less known today. This article attempts to introduce the pioneering female sociologists, their key subjects of interest, and methodological contributions.

Womens occupation must be considered as one of the indexes of socioeconomic development. Studying its various aspects, particularly in nongovernmental sector, may improve Irans future planning, which emphasize the growth of non-governmental sector. In the research carried out, the impact of inter-organizational factors (registered nongovernmental workshops and places) has been used as an independent variable to evaluate womens occupation (as a dependent variable). Results show that the relationship between these two variables is strong and significant. Characteristics such as inequality, job independence, joint management, and communications indicated to bear the largest relationships with the dependent variable. In other words, women considered these factors as more important. These factors helped women to develop a better evaluation of their jobs. Likewise, doctors, engineers, managers and teachers had a better evaluation of their jobs because they had experienced joint management and job independence. Low workers, on the contrary, developed a lower evaluation of their jobs due to their job dependency and common management, characteristics, which were considered as "deficient".

The present survey aims at studying how the information is being processed via multi-modal means (auditory, visual and auditory-visual, right visual field, left visual field, and processing with both hemispheres of the brain). Utilizing the method of semantic priming, the relationship between multi-modal processing and characteristics of creative thinking was studied. The survey was conducted on two groups of high school girls: bright and normal. The survey intended to gain understanding on semantic memory and creative processes, and in so doing, both were measured. The results indicate that in bright persons neurological functions consume less energy and that their reaction time is faster. The two groups did not exhibit any significant difference vis-a.-vis each other. The results have been discussed based on multi-dimensional intelligence theory (Howard Gardner, 1998, Joseph Renzulli, 1998), and a multi-representational semantic model has been put forward. This model may contribute in helping educational programs, as well as in fostering creative abilities.