IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Year:2005 | Volume:4 | Issue:7|Papers Count:11

Cognition of human being and awareness about its Characteristics is one of the most important references that we can develop educational goals. There are many tools for cognition of human kind, such as scientific, religious, philosophical and theosophical methods'. In this article for developing educational goals, in Islamic society, nature of man was studied by a philosophical approach. For this attend, view of points of three Islamic philosophers were viewed that these are: Ibn-Sina, Sheikh Eshragh and Mola Sadra. Ideas of these philosophers in three categories, nature of spirit, reasons of existence of spirit and relationship of spirit and body, were considered.Theoretical model of this study was based on Arnold Griese perspective (1994) about educational implications of philosophy. Finally, similarities and discrepancies of three approaches were illustrated.

In the past two centuries that the modern world has witnessed the rise of Nation-states, through which policies and strategies did the Russians manage to restrain and control the forces of ethnic nationality of more than hundred ethnic groups? What makes the response to this question important for and relative to Iranian scholars is the fact that Russia has been one of the real laboratories for studying the challenges of ethnic nationalism to nationwide nationalism (an experience that Iranian Marxists refer to as "People's Republic"). Through a historic-structural approach (and by benefiting from concepts of political anthropology) this paper attempts to address this and other related questions. It will be illustrated how Russians implemented the following three policies: 1. the "nationalism in form and socialism in practice" strategy which in Lenin's term substituted the Russian religious nationalism of Cesarean era; 2. the "socialism in form and Russian zing in practice" policy of Stalin that was put into practice instead of Lenin's strategy; and 3. "socialism in form and pluralism in practice" policy of Gorbachev that replaced Stalin's strategy. This paper will justify why "People's Republic" which is advocated by Iranian Marxists was in practice, just a myth.

The presented paper is a report of a field research in Turkman's desert (Sahara) in Iran. The studied region is limited on Bandar Turkman residents.This research has been done by the help of structural and non-structural techniques.In this research a Turkman key informant helped us to find appropriate families who could describe some suitable information about the different aspects of Turkman verbal aft. And it was also by the help of this informant that we would be able to find the appropriate information about verbal art in this area.We have used Clifford Geertz's theory in the named the interpretation of culture". We made also a discourse interpretation of the research information as a social phenomenon.

This study explores the traditional method of animal husbandry in the villages of the Alamut region. It reveals the way in which the villagers look after their herds during the post-breeding season. It talks about how animals are branded and named according to their age and gender. The study also deals with the process of choosing a shepherd for the village. It identifies the manner in which a salary is allocated for the shepherd and for each side of contract mutual tasks also are defined. Moreover, an overview of the milking-method as well as the process of support given to the shepherd by the villagers is provided in this paper.

Language is the heart of culture in such an extent that any cultural variation has a direct relation with its linguistic variations. In this respect, finding the mechanisms of linguistic variations in parallel with the cultural variations is very important because it influences all over the country's cultural programming and policies. In other words linguistic programming and strategies are directly related to the cultural programming and strategies on the other hand, the language variations are directly related to development and cultural progress of any country. The existing relation between culture and development is too obvious to be mentioned and under the light of this, the relation between language and development must be obvious too. To give a systematic and holistic understanding of these relations is the main aim of this article, in other words, growing and development of a country must be viewed through its language perspective. Language development, acts as the most important step toward a local development. Because language is the most important element for social communications and also because local development has no meaning without considering local communications therefore:" it would be impossible to have a development without having its linguistic developments fixed as a prerequisite and any development strategies that excludes linguistic development and its related strategies is condemned to be failed" and this phrase may be also justified through a study of existing relations between language and society and/or social variations that is the main subject of this article.

A total number of 604 right and left palm-prints has been taken from 12 different Iranian groups so that 6 groups had yellow skin origins and the rest had white origins and these groups have been studied in accordance with their palm patterns line-counting.The inter-group differences went to show that each pattern is meaningful and therefore in reference to the genealogical tree of these differences we would be able to distinguish the yellow groups from the others which were also with a quite coherence with their ethnical history. Therefore the achieved results showed that line-counting of the palm-patterns could be used as one of the most important factors in genetic studies and/or in revealing (demo graphical) group differences.

The main concern of the present article is to discuss the relationship between ethnolinguistic diversity and national identity in different countries. General Perspective of the demographic composition of the world, shows the fact that one language-one country model, is an exception rather than a rule. The ethnolinguistic diversity in different countries may lead to linguistic, social and political problems, including the problem of recognition of official and national languages. Linguistic assimilation and linguistic pluralism are two major models suggested by sociolinguists for solving such problems. The former, leads to only one official language for a country while the latter recognizes more than one official language with equal rights within a country.A third model, which is a combination of the first two, and has been used in some countries, suggests one official language at the national level and a number of official ethnic languages at the regional level. By showing the weaknesses and strengths of each model, the author concludes that a combinatory model is more acceptable; such a model of language policy seems to be relatively more appropriate to bridge the gap between ethnic identity and national unity.

Naming system represents every ethnic group and society. Informal naming method is a common practice among southern inhabitants of Iran, especially those living in Qeshm Island. In this style of naming, the names are not used in their entirety but they are used with some reduction, change in word-structure or addition such as prefixing or suffixing with titles or something like that. In this study, we will first have an overview of such names. Next, the reason behind using such informal naming together with the social functions will be elaborated.

The Aim of this research was to measure both parent's attitude in respect to the boys and girls relations and also the effecting factors on this attitudes.Therefore this research have to answer the following two overwhelming questions:A. What is the parent's attitude in respect to the boys and girls relations?B. What are the effective factors on their attitudes?In this context seven principle hypotheses have been taken under a close study to measure each effective factor on the parent's attitude separately.This research has been probed through the high schools in 4th district of Tehran Educational Ministry and has taken the following factors are the most effective ones on the parent's attitude in respects to the boys and girls relations:1. Their religiousness degree2. Normative pressures3. Internal and external Medias4. Their tendency measure toward the western culture5. Their need for their children's prosperity6. Gender differences and its related stratifications7. Their social classAfter data acquisition, processing and testing the research's hypothesis with the aid of SPSS software and some advanced techniques as like multi-variable regression and factor analysis it is justified that the religiousness degree, internal medias, tendency for the western culture, parent's need for a successful marriage for their children and finally the sex of the child have some meaningful relation with the dependent variable of this research.

Sarlak is a survived clan from the Chaharlang branch of Bakhtiyari tribe.This clan was excluded from or not being noticed so much in the existing studies which are done over the tribe of Bakhtiyari.The present article tries to investigate the history of this clan through the remaining documents and manuscripts. In the first part, it refers to this clan's territory and its residency contours in parallel with a general introduction of the clan itself and the second part is being consisted of three documents and one taxation roll.