IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Year:2010 | Volume:11 | Issue:11|Papers Count:11

This research shows the significance of Nickname in giving identity to individuals. It's obvious that identity has a significant role in establishment of relationship and participation in the community. Thus, the current research tries to describe the effect of this variable on forming identity. It also attempts to survey its cultural aspects as a sign of class belonging and individual identity. Due to the features of the topic and its cultural aspect, qualitative methods are utilized. The domain of our study is the villages of Horaman Region in the western part of Iran.In one way, the nickname is a label given to a person by others, and it is inherited from father to the child that may be considered as a matter of honor or as an obstacle to fulfill personal capacities and self-representation. The second aspect, the degrading effect of nickname, is more prevailing and therefore, it studied in this investigation. In this meaning, it can be associated with Goffman's Stigma. In the other word, nickname is a sign of class belonging and an individual social status.Accordingly, the dominant classes and superior groups of the community like: Khan, Sheikh and Molla do not have such con tempting nicknames of the masses. The most significant conclusion is that the actors are involved in the process of their interactions and it relating a degrading nickname to others in their absence and social negative equalizing is the result of such an action ("I have it, why not the others").

Considering, the socio-political structure of Iranian society which was mostly based on tribal power. The assassination of Nadir was the beginning of another period of anarchy and chaos in Iran. The Carmelite Missioners (a Catholic community of the Rome's Church) activities in Iran, during the Safavids' era, were at quit high level and during the Nadir's reign decreased to some extent. After Nadir' assassination, the condition in the country became hard and unbearable. Almost all the missioners had no choose but to leave Iran and stayed in the neighbouring countries. Nevertheless, they followed the events in Iran. The one who did not left the country was resident in the Julfa of Isfahan. He was witness all catastrophic events in that city and was treated the same as the people of the city.Although the numbers of reports and letters, in comparison with, the Safavids and Nadir's ruler are not many, but from socio-political point of view they are so important and could be considered as a period in which the cultural and civilization of Iran seriously declined.This paper which mainly depended on the Carmelite missioners reports to the Roman' Church, more emphasized on two points. First the internal conditions of Iran from the missioners point of view. The second, in comparing and analyzing their opinion with Iranian sources at the time.

There exist some theories about the formation and evolution of tombs in Islamic world, that prove the origin of tombs come from lands other than Iran. It seems that there it hasn't done enough studies and researches by the Iranian researchers in this regard.This paper aims at surveying some of the theories and produces a new theory in this case and also surveying the architectural formation of tombs in Iran.The main questions in this research are: 1) What and where has been the origin and pattern formation of tombs? 2) How has been the process of tombs transformation in Iran?The hypothesis in this research is: The "Tchahar Tag" (quadric arch) was the origin of dome form of Tombs and then some the other forms with a dome in Iran and the Islamic world. The Theoretical framework of this research is that the tomb is a type of space among other architectural spaces, wherein cultural Phenomenon has an effective role in Tombs formation. The historical interpretational method was used in this research and the data was collected through documentary and field study methods.The results of this research indicate that the first designed and magnificent tombs were built in Iran and its forms rooted from quadri arch and domes.

Water is the most essential material in the world that can not compensate its shortage with any arrangement, water crises is a threat for human life. Iran in recent decades encounter "Water Crisis" by using of modern technology, public urban services to supply water, population increasing, led to expend the consumption of this vital material more velocity than renewal velocity in the modern world. This research method is mixed method includes of observation, key informants and survey to obtain to valid data' s. Quality method (such as participant observation open and deep interviews whit key informants) and quantities method (questionnaire).Base on cultural ecology, for this purpose before anything the effect of economy factor on water consumption pattern have been studied then the effect of other factors (mainly cultural factor) on consumption have been study and analyzed.Here we try to study of influences Ceremonies that to be celebrated in Toyserkan, cultural triads, advanced tools, Persian myths, technology, water shortage practice (life experience in the economy or condition of water shortage), architectural pattern and consumption conscious of water demand condition, have studied and analyzed.

This article studies the reflection of the Casists' totemism in naming of present "Ilvands" in Lorestan.This paper tries examine the formation and reflection of ancient beliefs particularly the Casists totemism in naming of present tribes in Lorestan region. The name of a great majority of Lor tribes is interwoven with the names of animals and plants. To explain the emergence of thid kind of it requires, thonght among Lorish people residing in Zagros mountain ranges ti Know a short history of the Sacres attitudes people have to animals and plants in different Societies. Having investigated the cause of sanctification of and Culture of, religion, we meticulously study the history, specific animals and then take into consideration the, Communities in Lorestan area, ancient philosophy of naming and reason of attribution of Lor tribes to animals and plants.we have endeavoured to generalize the names of, but not least, And Last tribes in Lorestan province with the principles of Casists totemism. With regarding the meaning and etymology of suffix "Vand" in old Avesta and we eventually present a logical analysis and interpretation of, Pahlavi texts how these animal names and evolutionary procedure in different periods were formed.

The social and cultural dimensions of traffic accidents in Iran are investigated in this article. Iran ranks first among all countries in terms of traffic accidents, fatalities and injuries. The daily mortality and morbidity statistics in this regard are much higher than internationally acceptable standards. Most of prior studies in this regard have employed an epidemiological and medical approach while neglecting the social and cultural aspects of the issue.Through reviewing some of the major sociological and cultural theories and substantive approaches regarding this issue, this paper analyzes 2005 traffic accidents and causes specifically on mortality and morbidity statistics of Iran and highlighted the social and cultural factors contributing to this problem.

Having examined a large number of evidents of different meanings and significations of the term "superstition" in Islamic literature and analyzing the vocabulary of Muslim elites regarding the issue, the author of the article shows that this vocabulary has a pejorative content and indicates the critical and reproachful approach of the elites to the commonalty's belief and mentality, According to the existing evidents, this approach has a long record in Islamic history and is not a new product of Muslim's confrontation with western teachings.The author underlines the importance of using the more exact and obvious terms such as popular belief, popular religion and so on, instead of ambiguous and inexpressive term "superstition" in social and anthropological studies on Islam.