Journal Of Religious Thought
Year:2006 | Volume:- | Issue:18|Papers Count:12

The question of "Truth", as an original question, is guidance to Wittgenstein's thought. He tries to show that linguistics, epistemology and ontology are consisting to one another. In his view, although we can not to reply an ontological question in an epistemological way, but the results of the different ways should not contradict each other.In the early Wittgenstein's view, correspondence is accepted as the criterion of "truth" which is derived from experience. He says that this criterion is not applicable to logical propositions, because there is no correspondent for them. He believes that these propositions are logical because they are consistent to one another and this attribute is necessary for them. In the second Wittgenstein's view, he emphasizes on the application instead of the facts. Here the theory of correspondence collapses and "truth" finds its meaning in the different styles of lives.

David Hume is apparently the first that has reasonably denied the metaphysics: His method for so doing is that, he divides all sciences into two kinds, "Relations of Ideas" and "Matters of Fact", and then, he pronounces as meaningless whatever which can not be classified under these two kinds. The present paper intends to clarify the views of Hume in contrast to metaphysics, and to show that the theory of "The Origin of Ideas" is not, as it is believed, the most fundamental one in his philosophy, but, "The Procedure of Science Formation" is basically prior to the aforementioned theory and to his other theories. Then, it has been tried to show that, he cannot deny the metaphysics, regarding to his empiricism, because in this case, he comes into an unsolvable contradiction that will make him give up "denying metaphysics".

Revelation has a high position in religious and theological discussions particularly in Abrahimic religions. Prophets in these religions have declared that they had a special relationship to God and He had sent them to people by heavenly messages.In this paper, first examines the most important theories regarding the nature of revelation are examined. These are: 1) The verbal revelation: This view holds that the religious texts such as Quran and Torah are precisely words of God; 2) The propositional view: According to this view, God has revealed only some divine truths to His prophets. This view dominates the Medieval that Christianity and is represented today by more traditional forms of Roman Catholic Church; 3) The non-propositional view: This idea has become widespread within Protestant Christianity nowadays.Then the difference between the Quran and Judeo-Christian is discussed.Lastly, the ways through which the holy Quran has been revealed to Mohammad are examined.

Muslim philosophers have divided conceptual knowledge into two distinct categories: self- evident and non self - evident.The latter is proved by the former. But Muslim thinkers in justifying the self-evident propositions have different logical and analytical approaches. This paper deals with these approaches and attempts to show the place of self-evident propositions in the structure of deductive sciences.

Some people believe that Imamate has been one of the most controversial issues in Islamic History. It is addressed in theological writings of many Islamic Schools of Thought. One of which notable among them was the "'Asha'ira School" which is the subject matter of this article. The overall assessment is that the 'Asha'ira conceptualization of Imamate, despite its postulation in the theological context, is basically oriented to Jurisprudence. The 'Asha'ira themselves explain their theological treatment as arising from the same contextual treatment in the Shi'ite writings. The 'Asha'ira considers that selection or induction of Imam is an obligatory necessity. At the same time, however, they believe that once an Imam is installed somewhere, the obligation of the others is sufficiently fulfilled, which in the Islamic terminology is called "Wajib Kifa'i".

One of the controversial issues of Islamic philosophy and theology, which is subsumed under the issue of the soul, is the nature of the soul. Unlike Islamic philosophers who are in agreement concerning the immateriality of the soul, Muslim theologians are in disagreement. Some of them like Ghazali and Ragheb believe in the immateriality of the soul while most of them like Nazzam and Jobbaei deny it.The author of this article tries to explore this problem in the main works of Muslim theologians. Firstly, the different ideas of the theologians concerning the soul will be referred to in general, and then the views of some of the famous theologians on materiality or immateriality of the soul will be discussed.

The present article investigates the phenomenon of morning and its capacities in three levels.1- The historical capacity: In this level the advent and decline of the previous nations in the period of morning will be studied.2- Linguistic capacity: In the second level, the linguistic function of morning will be discussed with respect to morphological competence.3- Metaphorical capacity: In the last level of investigation, morning will the studied in the level of metaphorical phenomenon excluding its realistic, idealistic, and positivistic features.